Generation IV Nuclear Reactor: Coolant Materials in the Supercritical State

References

• V. K. SEMENCHENKO, Selected Topics of Theoretical Physics, Proveshenie Publication, Moscow (1966).
   Google Scholar
• R. BALASUBRAMANIAN, “Correlations of Supercritical Temperature of Fluid Alkali Metals,” Asia-Pacific J. Chem. Eng., 3, 1, 90 (2008); https://doi.org/10.1002/apj.107.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. N. KAGAN, G. A. KRECHETOVA, and E. E. SHPIL’RAIN, “Development and Experimental Verification of a Method for Assessment of Consistency of the Thermodynamic and Structural Properties of Binary Coolants Based on Systems of Alkali Metals,” High Temp., 48, 4, 506 (2010); https://doi.org/10.1134/S0018151X10040073.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. V. MOKSHIN et al., “Universality of Microscopic Structural and Dynamic Features in Liquid Alkali Metals near the Melting Point,” JETP Lett., 106, 6, 366 (2017); https://doi.org/10.1134/S0021364017180096.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. D. SOLDATOVA and T. E. GALACHENKO, “Some Features of Metal Cerium Asymptotical Behavior,” Cond. Mat. Phys., 9, 115 (2006); http://www.icmp.lviv.ua/journal/zbirnyk.45/014/art14.pdf.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G. ANNOHENE and G. C. TEPPER, “Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Processed in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 171, 105203 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105203.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. CARIO et al., “Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Based Cleaning and Sterilization Treatments for the Reuse of Filtering Facepiece Respirators FFP2 in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 180, 105428 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105428.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S.-C. LEE et al., “Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Squalene Rich Cod Liver Oil: Optimization, Characterization and Functional Properties,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 188, 105693 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. OPWIS et al., “Metallization of PET Fibers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Potential Applications in the Textile Sector,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 191, 105722 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105722.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y.-Y. ZHU et al., “The Adsorption Behavior and Phase Transfer Catalytic Fixation of a Special Dye SCF-AOL2 on Cotton in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 188, 105651 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105651.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. WYK et al., “Supercritical Water Desalination (SCWD) of Multi-Component Brines,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 188, 105687 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105687.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Q. CHEN et al., “Simultaneous Treatment of Copper Wastewater and Biomass Waste in Supercritical Water,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 138, 143 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2018.04.014.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B. LI, Y. HAKUTA, and H. HAYASHI, “Hydrothermal Synthesis of KNbO3 Powders in Supercritical Water and Its Nonlinear Optical Properties,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 35, 3, 254 (2005); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2005.02.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. V. NIEUWENHUYSE, S. LECOMPTE, and M. D. PAEPE, “Supercritical Heat Transfer to Refrigerants: Advances on a New Experimental Test Rig,” Proc. 6th Int. Seminar ORC Power Systems,” Munich, Germany, October 11–13, 2021; https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8725833/file/8725834.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• E. A. REBELATTO et al., “Determination of High-Pressure Phase Equilibrium Data of Systems Containing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Globalide,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 166, 104996 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104996.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. C. ZACCONI et al., “Experimental Solubility Data of Two Solid Derivatives of Menadione in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: 2-((4-chlorobenzyl)amino)-3-methylnaphtalene-1,4-dione, and 2-((4-chlorophenethyl)amino)-3-methylnaphtalene-1,4-dione,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 157, 104707 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu2019.104707.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. PARAHOVNIK, P. AHMED, and Y. PELES, “Two-Phase Flow, Pressure Drop, and Joule-Thomson Effect in a Micro-Orifice with Trans Critical Carbon Dioxide Flow,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 188, 105649 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105649.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. DING et al., “Experimental-Computational Approach for Elucidating the Dissolution Behavior of Potassium Phosphates in Near- and Supercritical Water,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 181, 105488 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105488.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H. HAN and C. ZHANG, “Numerical Investigations of the Effect of Operation Conditions on the Heat Transfer of the Supercritical Water in the Canadian SCWR Fuel Bundle,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 191, 105760 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105760.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. LI et al., “Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Characteristics Between Two Particles and Supercritical Water,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 177, 105327 (2021); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. OSADA, K. TAMURA, and I. SHIMADA, “Prediction of the Solubility of Organic Compounds in High-Temperature Water Using Machine Learning,” J. Supercrit. Fluids, 190, 105733 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105733.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. KHOSHARAY et al., “Modelling Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of Pure Liquid, Vapour, and Supercritical Refrigerants and Their Mixtures by Using Heyen EOS,” Phys. Chem. Liquids, 56, 1, 124 (2018); https://doi.org/10.1080/00319104.2017.1306859.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. V. NIEUWENHUYSE, S. LECOMPTE, and M. DE PAEPE, “Current Status of the Thermohydraulic Behavior of Supercritical Refrigerants: A Review,” Appl. Thermal Eng., 218, 119201 (2023); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. IBRAHIM et al., “Numerical Investigations on Supercritical Heat Transfer Characteristics of Environmental Friendly Refrigerants,” Int. J. Clean Coal and Energy, 10, 2, 21 (2021); https://doi.org/10.4236/ijcce.2021.102002.
   Google Scholar
• C. COCKRELL and K. TRACHENKO, “Double Universality of the Transition in the Supercritical State,” Queen Mary Universiaty of London; https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.06583.
   Google Scholar
• P. I. BYSTROV et al., “Liquid-Metal Coolants for Heat Pipes and Power Plants,” p. 272, V. A. KIRILIN, Ed., Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York (1990).
   Google Scholar
• “A Technology Roadmap for Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems,” GIF-002–00, U.S. Department of Energy Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee and Generation IV International Forum (2002).
   Google Scholar
• N. AKSAN et al., “Heat Transfer Behaviour and Thermodynamics Code Testing for Supercritical Water Cooled Reactors (SCWRs),” IAEA-TECDOC-1746, International Atomic Energy Agency (2014).
   Google Scholar
• P. L. KIRILLOV and G. P. BOGOSLOVSKAYA, “Generation IV Supercritical Water-Cooled Nuclear Reactors: Realistic Prospects and Research Program,” Nucl. Eng. Technol., 5, 1, 67 (2019); https://doi.org/10.3897/nucet.5.34293.
   Google Scholar
• A. V. ZRODNIKOV et al., “SVBR-75/100 Multipurpose Modular Low-Power Fast Reactor with Lead–Bismuth Coolant,” At. Energy, 97, 2, 528 (2004); https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ATEN.0000047677.16291.f2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. TAKAHASHI and S. UCHIDA, “Conceptual and Safety Design of Pb-Bi-Cooled Direct Contact Boiling Water Fast Reactor (PBWFR),” Bulletin-Res. Lab. Nucl. Reactors, 30, 206 (2006).
   Google Scholar
• J.-Y. LIM and M.-H. KIM, “A New LFR Design Concept for Effective TRU Transmutation,” Prog. Nucl. Energy, 49, 3, 230 (2007); https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2006.12.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. J. SIENICKI and A. V. MOISSEYTSEV, Proc. Conf. Advances in Nuclear Power Plants 2005 (ICAPP05), Seoul, Korea, 2005, Vol. 6, p. 3777 ( 2005).
   Google Scholar
• V. A. KRASHANININ et al., “Ab Initio Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Alkali Metals,” Russian Metall., 2011, 709 (2011); https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029511080106.
   Google Scholar
• N. E. DUBININ, A. A. YURGEV, and N. A. VATOLIN, “Pseudopotential Calculation of the Structure and Thermodynamics of Liquid Alkali Metals with a Square-Well Model as a Reference System,” J. Struct. Chem., 53, 3, 468 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022476612030080.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. A. KRASHANININ, N. E. DUBININ, and N. A. VATOLIN, “Calculation of Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Alkali Metals by the First-Principle-Pseudopotential and Weeks-Chandler-Andersen Methods,” Dok. Phys., 58, 8, 339 (2013); https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028335813080144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. I. RACHKOV et al., “Use of Liquid Metals in Nuclear and Thermonuclear Engineering, and in Other Innovative Technologies,” Thermal Eng., 61, 5, 337 (2014); https://nuclear-power-engineering.ru/en/issue/2014-01/.
   Google Scholar
• D. K. BELASHCHENKO, “Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of Liquid Cesium at Pressures Below 10 GPa and Temperatures Below 4000 K According to the Molecular Dynamics Data,” Rus. J. Phys. Chem. A, 89, 11, 2051 (2015); https://doi.org/10.1134/S003602441503005X.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. WEIXIA, Z. GAOLING, B. QIFU, G. XINGYONG, Effect of Ca/Ti Molar Ratio on Structure and Photocatalytic Properties of CaTiO3 with Dendrite Structure, Chinese J. Mat. Res., 31, 4, 279–284 (2017), https://doi.org/10.11901/1005.3093.2016.225
   Google Scholar
• V. SOBOLEV, “‘Database of Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Metal Coolants for GEN-IV,” SCK.CEN-BLG-1069, pp. 1–175, Beligan Nuclear Research Centre (2010).
   Google Scholar
• V. SOBOLEV, “Properties of Liquid Metal Coolants,” Comprehensive Nucl. Mater., 2, 373 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-056033-5.00130-0.
   Google Scholar
• V. SOBOLEV and P. SCHUURMANS, “Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Metal Coolants: Na, Pb, Pb–Bi(e),” Comprehensive Nucl. Mater., 7, 457 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.00682-2
   Google Scholar
• L. P. FILIPPOV, “Estimation of Thermophysical Properties of Liquids and Gases,” Energoatomizdat, 55 (1988).
   Google Scholar
• S. VELASCO et al., “Waring and Riedel Functions for the Liquid–Vapor Coexistence Curve,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 7, 3197 (2012); https://doi.org/10.1021/ie2028393.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. M. MARTYNYUK and R. BALASUBRAMANIAN, “Equation of State for Fluid Alkali Metals: Binodal,” Int. J. Thermophys., 16, 2, 533 (1995); https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01441919.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. K. SEMENCHENKO, Crystallogr., 9, 611 (1964).
   Google Scholar
• V. K. SEMENCHENKO, “About the Pressure-Dependence of Supercritical Transitions,” Zh. Fiz. Khim., 36, 5, 1115 (1962).
   Google Scholar