“I Did It Myself”: The Necessity of Solo Play for Preschoolers

References

• Asendorpf , J. 1991 . Development of inhibited children's coping with unfamiliarity . Child Development , 62 : 1460 – 1474 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asendorpf , J. 1993 . Abnormal shyness in children . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, , 34 (7) : 1069 – 1081 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes , K. 1971 . Preschool play norms . Developmental Psychology , 5 (1) : 99 – 103 .
   Google Scholar
• Bredekamp , S. and Copple , C. , eds. 1997 . Developmentally appropriate practice in early childhood programs , Washington, D.C. : National Association for the Education of Young Children .
   Google Scholar
• Buchholz , E.S. 1997 . The call of solitude. , New York : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Burger , J. 1995 . Individual differences in preference for solitude . Journal of Research in Personality , 29 : 85 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassidy , J. and Asher , S. 1992 . Loneliness and peer relations in young children . Child Development , 63 : 350 – 365 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coie , J.D. and Dodge , K.A. 1983 . Continuities and changes in children's social status: A five‐year longitudinal study . Merrill‐Palmer Quarterly , 29 (3) : 261 – 282 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coplan , R. , Rubin , K. , Fox , N. , Calkins , S. and Stewart , S. 1994 . Being alone, playing alone, and acting alone: distinguishing among reticence and passive and active solitude in young children . Child Development , 65 : 129 – 137 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craske , M. 1997 . Fear and anxiety in children and adolescents . Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic , 61 (2) : A4 – A36 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn , L. and Herwig , J. 1992 . Play behaviors and convergent and divergent thinking skills of young children attending full‐day preschool . Child Study Journal , 22 (1) : 23 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Field , T. , Masi , W. , Goldstein , S. , Perry , S. and Parl , S. 1988 . Infant day care facilitates preschool social behavior . Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 2 : 341 – 359 .
   Google Scholar
• Fox , N. and Field , T. 1989 . Individual differences in preschool entry behavior . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 10 : 527 – 540 .
   Google Scholar
• Gottman , J. 1977 . Towards a definition of social isolation in children . Child Development , 48 : 513 – 517 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harper , L. and Huie , K. 1985 . The effects of prior group experience, age, and familiarity on the quality and organization of preschooler's social relationships . Child Development , 56 : 707 – 714 .
   Google Scholar
• Harrist , A. , Zaia , A. , Bates , J. , Dodge , K. and Pettit , G. 1997 . Subtypes of social withdrawal in early childhood: Sociometric status and social‐cognitive differences across four years . Child Development , 68 (2) : 278 – 294 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazen , N. and Black , B. 1989 . Preschool peer communication skills: The role of social status and interaction context . Child Development , 60 : 867 – 876 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henninger , M. 1994 . Adult perceptions of favorite childhood play experiences . Early Child Development and Care , 99 : 23 – 30 .
   Google Scholar
• Holloway , S. and Reichart‐Erickson , M. 1988 . The relationship of daycare quality to children's freeplay behavior and social problem solving skills . Early Childhood Research Quarterly , 3 : 39 – 53 .
   Google Scholar
• Jennings , K. 1975 . People versus object orientation, social behavior, and intellectual abilities in preschool children . Developmental Psychology , 11 (4) : 511 – 519 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kagan , J. , Reznick , J. and Snidman , N. 1990 . “ The temperamental qualities of inhibition and lack of inhibition ” . In Handbook of developmental psychopathology , Edited by: Lewis , M. and Miller , S. 219 – 226 . NY : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Larson , R. 1990 . The solitary side of life: An examination of the time people spend alone from childhood to old age . Developmental Review , 10 : 155 – 183 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson , R. 1997 . The emergence of solitude as a constructive domain of experience in early adolescence . Child Development , 68 (1) : 80 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson , R. and Lee , M. 1996 . The capacity to be alone as a stress buffer . The Journal of Social Psychology , 136 (1) : 5 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson , R. , Csikszentimihalyi , M. and Graef , R. 1982 . “ Time alone in daily experience: Loneliness or renewal? ” . In Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy , Edited by: Peplau , L. and Perlman , P. 40 – 53 . New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Lyytinen , P. 1991 . Peer interaction in children's dyadic play . Early Childhood Development and Care , 71 : 105 – 115 .
   Google Scholar
• Martlew , M. , Connolly , K. and McLeod , C. 1976 . Language use, role and context in a five‐year‐old . Journal of Child Language , 5 : 81 – 99 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore , N. , Evertson , C. and Brophy , J. 1974 . Solitary play: Some functional reconsiderations . Developmental Psychology , 10 (6) : 830 – 834 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parten , M. 1932 . Social participation among preschool children . Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology , 27 : 243 – 269 .
   Google Scholar
• Pederson , D. 1997 . Psychological functions of privacy . Journal of Environmental Psychology , 17 : 147 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips , R. and Sellitto , V. 1990 . Preliminary evidence on emotions expressed by children during solitary play . Play and Culture , 3 : 79 – 90 .
   Google Scholar
• Provost , M. and LaFreniere , P. 1991 . Social participation and peer competence in preschool children: Evidence for discriminant and convergent validity . Child Study Journal , 21 (1) : 57 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Rubenstein , C. and Shaver , P. 1982 . “ The experience of aloneness ” . In Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy , Edited by: Peplau , L. and Perlman , P. 206 – 223 . New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Rubin , K. 1982 . Nonsocial play in preschoolers: Necessary evil? . Child Development , 53 : 651 – 657 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , K. , Chen , X. , McDougall , P. , Bowker , A. and McKinnon , J. 1995 . The Waterloo longitudinal project: Predicting internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescence . Development and Psycho‐pathology , 7 : 751 – 764 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , K. and Daniels‐Beimess , T. 1983 . Concurrent and predictive correlates of sociometric status in kindergarten and grade 1 children . Merrill‐Palmer Quarterly , 29 (3) : 337 – 351 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , K. , Fein , G. and Vandenberg , B. 1983 . “ Play ” . In Handbook of Child Psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization, Personality, and Social Development , (4th ed. , Edited by: Mussen . 716 – 757 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Rubin , K. , Maioni , T. and Homung , M. 1976 . Freeplay behaviors in middle and lower class preschoolers: Parten and Piaget revisited . Child Development , 47 : 414 – 419 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rubin , K. and Stewart , S. 1996 . “ Social withdrawal ” . In Child psychopathology , Edited by: Mash , E. and Barkley , R. 277 – 305 . New York : Guildford Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rubin , K. , Watson , K. and Jambor , T. 1978 . Freeplay behaviors in preschool kindergarten children . Child Development , 49 : 534 – 536 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal , M. , Montic , J. and Iverson , T. 1991 . “ Observing individual differences in social interaction styles of preschool children ” . In Play diagnosis and assessment , Edited by: Schaefer , C. , Gitlin , K. and Sandgrund , A. 579 – 596 . New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , P. 1978 . A longitudinal study of social participation in preschool children: Solitary and parallel play reexamined . Developmental Psychology , 14 (5) : 517 – 523 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinkamp , M. 1989 . Factors mediating the relationship between preschool children's play patterns and peer ratings: Verbal communication style . Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , 10 : 505 – 525 .
   Google Scholar
• Stem , D. 1985 . The interpersonal world of the infant. , New York : Basic Books, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , S. and Rubin , K. 1995 . The social problem‐solving skills of anxious‐withdrawn children . Development and Psychopathology , 7 : 323 – 336 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storr , A. 1988 . Solitude: A return to the self. , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Suedfeld , P. 1982 . “ Aloneness as a healing experience ” . In Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy , Edited by: Peplau , L. and Perlman , P. 54 – 67 . New York : John Wiley and Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Vernon‐Feagans , L. , Manlove , E. and Volling , B. 1996 . Otitis media and the social behavior of day‐care‐attending children . Child Development , 67 : 1528 – 1539 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winnicott , D.W. 1958 . “ The capacity to be alone ” . In The maturationalprocesses and the facilitating environment: Studies in the theory of emotional development , Edited by: Khan , M. 29 – 36 . Madison : International Universities Press, Inc .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , L. 1990 . The social and nonsocial behaviors of precocious preschoolers during freeplay . Roeper Review , 12 (4) : 268 – 274 .
   Google Scholar
• Younger , A. and Daniels , T. 1992 . Children's reasons for nominating their peers as withdrawn: Passive withdrawal versus active isolation . Developmental Psychology , 28 (5) : 955 – 960 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar