References
- Ashmole , N. P. 1971 . “ Seabird ecology and the marine environment. ” . In Avian biology Edited by: Farner , D. S. , King , J. R. and Parkes , K. C. Vol. 1 , 223 – 287 . New York : Academic Press. .
- Burger , J. 1981 . Feedin competition between Laughing Gulls and Herring Gulls at a sanitary landfill . Condor , 83 : 328 – 335 .
- Burger , J. and Gochfeld , M. 1981 . Age-related differences in piracy behaviour of four species of gulls . Larus. Behaviour , 77 : 242 – 267 .
- Burger , J. and Gochfeld , M. 1983 . Feeding behavior in Laughing Gulls: compensatory site selection by young . Condor , 85 : 467 – 473 .
- Burger , J. and Gochfeld , M. 1984 . The effects of relative numbers on aggressive interactions and foraging efficiency in gulls: the cost of being outnumbered . Bird Behaviour , 5 : 81 – 89 .
- Drury , W. H. and Smith , W. J. 1968 . Defence of feeding areas by adult Herring Gulls and intrusion by young . Evolution , 22 : 193 – 201 .
- Duffy , D. C. 1982 . Patterns of piracy in the seabird communities of the Galapagos Islands and southern Africa . Cormorant , 10 : 71 – 80 .
- Duffy , D. C. 1983 . The foraging ecology of Peruvian seabirds . Auk , 100 : 800 – 810 .
- Gochfeld , M. and Burger , J. 1981 . Age-related differences in piracy of frigatebirds from Laughing Gulls . Condor , 83 : 79 – 82 .
- Hartmann , F. A. 1961 . Locomotor mechanisms of birds . Smithson. Miscel. Coll. , 143 : 1 – 91 .
- Hughes , R. N. 1979 . Optimal diets and the energy maximisation premise: the effects of recognition time and learning . Am. Nat. , 113 : 209 – 221 .
- Hunt , G. L. and Hunt , M. W. 1973 . Habitat partitioning by foraging gulls in Maine and northwestern Europe . Auk , 90 : 827 – 839 .
- Macarthur , R. H. and Pianka , E. R. 1966 . On the optimal use of a patchy environment . Am. Nat. , 100 : 603 – 609 .
- Maynard Smith , J. and Price , G. R. 1973 . The logic of animal conflicts . Nature , 246 : 15 – 18 .
- Monaghan , P. 1980 . Dominance and dispersal between feeding sites in the Herring Gull ( . Larus argentatus). Anim. Behav. , 28 : 521 – 527 .
- Moyle , P. 1966 . Feeding behaviour of the Glaucouswinged Gull on an Alaskan salmon stream . Wilson Bull. , 78 : 175 – 189 .
- Moynihan , M. 1959 . A revision of the family Laridae (Aves) . Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. , 1928 : 1 – 42 .
- Schnell , G. D. 1970 . A phenetic study of the suborder Lari (Aves) II. Phenograms, discussion, and conclusions . Syst. Zool. , 19 : 264 – 302 .
- Ulfstrand , S. 1979 . Age and plumage associated differences of behaviour among blackheaded gulls Larus ridibundus: foraging success, conflict victoriousness and reaction to disturbance . Oikos , 33 : 160 – 166 .