HUNTING BEHAVIOUR OF BLACKSHOULDERED KITES IN THE AMERICAS, EUROPE, AFRICA AND AUSTRALIA

References

• Amat , J. A. 1979 . Notas sobre la ecologia alimenticia del Elanio Azul ( . Elanus caeruleus). Donana Acta Vertebrata , 6 : 124 – 128 .
   Google Scholar
• Baker-Gabb , D. J. 1984a . The feeding ecology and behaviour of seven species of raptor overwintering on coastal Victoria. . Aust. Wildl. Res , 11 : 517 – 532 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker-Gabb , D. J. 1984b . Morphometric data and dimorphism indices of some Australian raptors . Corella , 8 : 61 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Bamman , A. R. 1975 . Ecology of predation and social interactions of wintering White-tailed Kites. M.Sc. thesis, Humboldt State University, Areata, California.
   Google Scholar
• Barnard , P. 1986 . Windhovering patterns of three African raptors in montane conditions. . Ardea , 74 : 151 – 158 .
   Google Scholar
• Barnard , P. 1987 . Foraging site selection by three raptors in relation to grassland burning in a montane habitat. . Afr. J. Ecol , 25 : 35 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergier , P. 1982 . L'Elanion Blac au Maroc premeirs resultats. . Bulletin de l'Institut Scientifique No. , 6 : 187 – 206 .
   Google Scholar
• Biggs , H. C. , Biggs , R. and Kemp , A. C. 1978 . Measurement of raptors. . Proc. Symp. African Predatory Birds , 77–82. Pretoria: Northern Transvaal orn. Soc
   Google Scholar
• Bond , R. M. 1942 . White-tailed Kites feeding on house mice. . Condor , 44 : 231 – 232 .
   Google Scholar
• Dixon , J. B. , Dixon , R. E. and Dixon , J. E. 1957 . Natural history of the White-tailed Kite in San Diego County, California. . Condor , 59 : 156 – 165 .
   Google Scholar
• Forbes-Watson , A. D. 1977 . Maximum carrying potential of a Blackshouldered Kite . Elanus caeruleus. Scopus , 1 : 44
   Google Scholar
• Greenewalt , C. H. 1975 . The flight of birds. . Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, New Series , 65 : 1 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Harris , T. 1984 . “ Prey immobilisation by the Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus ” . In Proc. 2nd Symp. African Predatory Birds: 195–208 Edited by: Mendelsohn , J. M. and Sapsford , C. W. Durban : Natal Bird Club .
   Google Scholar
• Hawbecker , A. C. 1940 . The nesting of the White-tailed Kite in southern Santa Cruz County, California. . Condor , 42 : 106 – 111 .
   Google Scholar
• Hawbecker , A. C. 1942 . A life history study of the White-tailed Kite. . Condor , 44 : 267 – 276 .
   Google Scholar
• Herbers , J. 1981 . Time resources and laziness in animals. . Oecologia , 49 : 252 – 262 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heredia , B. 1983 . Alimentacion invernal del Elanio Azul (Elanus caeruleus). en la provincia de Salamanca. . Alytes , 1 : 255 – 266 .
   Google Scholar
• Heunis , F. 1975 . Padtellings van Blouvalke Elanus caeruleus in die distrik van Stellenbosch. . Bokmakierie , 27 : 53 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Husain , K. Z. 1959 . Notes on the taxonomy and zoogeography of the genus . Elanus. Condor: , 61 : 153 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Jaksić , F. M. and Carothers , J. H. 1985 . Ecological, morphological, and bioenergetic correlates of hunting mode in hawks and owls. . Ornis Scand , 16 : 165 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• Jaksić , F. M. , Rozzi , R. , Labra , A. and Jimenez , J. E. 1987 . The hunting behavior of Black-shouldered Kites (Elanus caeruleus leucurus). in central Chile. . Condor , 89 : 907 – 911 .
   Google Scholar
• Kirkwood , J. K. 1983 . A limit to metabolizable energy intake in mammals and birds. . Comp. Biochem. Physiol , 75A : 1 – 3 .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , A. W. 1965 . The birds of Chile and adjacent regions of Argentina, Bolivia and Peru Vol. 1 , Buenos Aires : Piatt Establecimientos Gráficos. .
   Google Scholar
• Koplin , J. R. , Collopy , M. W. , Bamman , A. R. and Levenson , H. 1980 . Energetics of two wintering raptors. . Auk , 97 : 795 – 806 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masman , D. 1986 . “ The annual cycle of the Kestrel ” . In Falco tinnunculus, a study in behavioural energetics. Doctoral thesis, Rijksuniversiteit, Groningen.
   Google Scholar
• Masman , D. and Klaassen , M. 1987 . Energy expenditure during free flight in trained and free-living Eurasian Kestrels ( . Falco tinnunculus). Auk , 104 : 603 – 616 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendelsohn , J. M. 1981 . “ A study of the Blackshouldered Kite ” . In Elanus caeruleus. Ph.D. thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
   Google Scholar
• Mendelsohn , J. M. 1982 . The feeding ecology of the Blackshouldered Kite . Elanus caeruleus. Durban Mus. Novit , 13 : 75 – 116 .
   Google Scholar
• Mendelsohn , J. M. 1984 . “ The timing of breeding in Black-shouldered Kites in southern Africa. ” . In Proc. V. Pan-Afr. orn. congr Johannesburg : Southern African Ornithological Soc .
   Google Scholar
• Mendelsohn , J. M. 1986 . Sexual size dimorphism and roles in raptors—fat females, agile males. . Durban Mus. Novit , 13 : 321 – 336 .
   Google Scholar
• Meserve , P. L. 1977 . Food habits of a White-tailed Kite population in central Chile. . Condor , 79 : 263 – 265 .
   Google Scholar
• Moore , R. T. and Barr , A. 1941 . Habits of the White-tailed Kite. . Auk , 58 : 453 – 462 .
   Google Scholar
• Parkes , K. C. 1958 . Specific relationships in the genus . Elanus. Condor , 60 : 139 – 140 .
   Google Scholar
• Raptor Group , R. U.G. 1982 . Timing of vole hunting in aerial predators. . Mammal Rev , 12 : 169 – 181 . /R.I.J.P
   Google Scholar
• Sapsford , C. W. and Mendelsohn , J. M. 1984 . “ An evaluation of the use of tritium for estimating daily energy expenditure for Blackshouldered Kites Elanus caeruleus and Greater Kestrels Falco rupico-loides ” . In Proc. 2nd Symp. African Predatory Birds Edited by: Mendelsohn , J. M. and Sapsford , C. W. 183 – 194 . Durban : Natal Bird Club .
   Google Scholar
• Schlatter , R. P. , Toro , B. , Yanez , J. L. and Jaksić , F. M. 1980 . Prey of the White-tailed Kite in central Chile and its relation to the hunting habitat. . Auk , 97 : 186 – 190 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegfried , W. R. 1965 . On the food of the Blackshouldered Kite. . Ostrich , 36 : 224
   Google Scholar
• Slotow , R. H. 1987 . The regulation of breeding in Blackshouldered Kites. M.Sc. thesis, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
   Google Scholar
• Stendell , R. C. 1972 . The occurrence, food habits and nesting strategy of White-tailed Kites in relation to a fluctuating vole population. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.
   Google Scholar
• Stendell , R. C. and Myers , P. 1973 . Whitetailed Kite predation on a fluctuating vole population. . Condor , 75 : 359 – 360 .
   Google Scholar
• Tarboton , W. R. 1977 . Food consumption and pellet production in the Blackshouldered Kite. . Zool. Afr , 12 : 252 – 255 .
   Google Scholar
• Tarboton , W. R. 1978 . Hunting and the energy budget of the Black-shouldered Kite. . Condor , 80 : 88 – 91 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thiollay , J-M. 1977 . Les rapaces d'une zone de contact savana-forêt en Côte d'Ivoire: modes d'exploitation du milieu. . Alauda , 45 : 197 – 218 .
   Google Scholar
• Thiollay , J-M. 1978 . Les rapaces d'une zone de contact savana-forêt en Côte d'Ivoire: spècialisations alimentaires. . Alauda , 46 : 147 – 170 .
   Google Scholar
• Videler , J. J. , Weihs , D. and Daan , S. 1983 . Intermittent gliding in the hunting flight of the kestrel . Falco tinnunculus. J. exp. Biol , 102 : 1 – 12 .
   Google Scholar
• Waian , L. B. 1973 . “ The behavioral ecology of the North American White-tailed Kite (Elanus leucurus majusculus). of the Santa Barbara coastal plain ” . Santa Barbara : University of California . Ph.D. thesis
   Google Scholar
• Waian , L. B. and Stendell , R. C. 1970 . The White-tailed Kite in California with observations of the Santa Barbara population. . California Fish and Game , 56 : 188 – 198 .
   Google Scholar
• Walsberg , G. 1983 . “ Avian ecological energetics. ” . In Avian Biology Edited by: Farner , D. S. , King , J. R. and Parkes , K. C. Vol. 7 , New York : Academic Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Warner , J. S. and Rudd , R. L. 1975 . Hunting by the White-tailed Kite ( . Elanus leucurus). Condor , 77 : 226 – 230 .
   Google Scholar
• Watson , F. G. 1940 . A behavior study of the White-tailed Kite. . Condor , 42 : 295 – 304 .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , B. A. 1978 . Ecology of the White-tailed Kite in San Diego County. M.Sc. thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
   Google Scholar