A Hiding Complex and Ritual Bath (Miqveh) at Ḥorvat Maskana and the Question of Their Use in the Byzantine Period

Bibliography

• Adler, Y., 2011. The Archaeology of Purity: Archaeological Evidence for the Observance of Ritual Purity in Eretz-Israel from the Hasmonean Period until the End of the Talmudic Era (164 bce–400 ce), PhD Thesis: Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Aviam, M., 2004. Jews, Pagans and Christians in the Galilee, Rochester, NY: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Balouka, M., 2013. ‘Roman Pottery’, in E. M. Meyers and C. L. Meyers (eds), Sepphoris I: The Pottery from Ancient Sepphoris, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 13–129.
   Google Scholar
• Berger, U., 2013. ‘Horbat Mishkena’, HA-ESI, 105, 05/08/2013 <http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=2289&mag_id=120> [accessed 11 July 2021].
   Google Scholar
• Ben David, C., and Raviv, D., 2021. ‘Cassius Dio’s figures for the demographic consequences of the Bar Kokhba War: Exaggeration or reliable account?’ JRA 34/2, 1–23.
   Google Scholar
• Bouchnick, R., 2015. ‘Chapter 16: Finds of animal remains from the excavation on the Northern slope of Herodium (Area A), 2006–2010’, in R. Porat, R. Chachy and Y. Kalman (eds) Herodium: Final reports 1972–2010 excavations Directed by Ehud Netzer. Volume I: Herod’s Tomb Precinct, Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 476–503.
   Google Scholar
• Bouchnick, R., 2021. ‘Ethnicity and social stratification: An Archaeozoological perspective from Judea of the Late Second Temple Period’, Studies on the Land of Judea, 4, Kfar Etzion. (Hebrew)
   Google Scholar
• Conder C. R., and Kitchener H. H., 1881. The Survey of Western Palestine I: Galilee, London: Palestine Exploration Fund.
   Google Scholar
• Dar, S., 2015. ‘The Function of the Underground Complexes During the Bar-Kokhba War’, In the Highland’s Depth, 5, 111–122 (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Furstenberg, Y., 2016. Purity and Community in Antiquity, Jerusalem: Magnes (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Hayes, J. W., 1972. Late Roman Pottery, London: British School at Rome.
   Google Scholar
• Ilan, Z., and Damati, E., 1987. Meroth, The Ancient Jewish Village, Tel Aviv: Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Kloner, A., 1987. ‘Additional Hiding Complexes in the Judean Shephelah’, in A. Kloner and Y. Tepper (eds), The Hiding Complexes in the Judean Shephelah, Tel-Aviv: Ha-Kibbutz HaMeuchad, 237–60 (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Leibner, U., 2009. Settlement and History in Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine Galilee: An Archaeological Survey of the Eastern Galilee, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
   Google Scholar
• Leibner, U., and Bijowsky, G., 2013. ‘Two Hoards from Khirbet Wadi Hamam and the Scope of the Bar Kokhba Revolt’, Israel Numismatic Research 8, 109–34.
   Google Scholar
• Leibner, U., Shivtiel, Y., and Distelfeld, N., 2015. ‘An Early Roman Hiding Complex at ‘Enot Sho‘im, Central Lower Galilee’, Tel Aviv 42,127–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibner, U., 2018. ‘The Pottery’ in U. Leibner (ed.), Khirbet Wadi Ḥamam: A Roman-period Village and Synagogue in the Lower Galilee, Jerusalem: Qedem Reports 13, the Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 304–32.
   Google Scholar
• Loffreda S., 2008. Cafarnao VI: Tipologie e contesti stratigrafici della ceramica (1968–2003), Milano: Studium Biblicum Franciscanum.
   Google Scholar
• Muqari, A., 1999. ‘I‘billin’, HA-ESI, 109, 18–20.
   Google Scholar
• Raviv, D., 2011. The Settlement in South Samaria during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods According to Archaeological Surveys, PhD Thesis: Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Rochman, A., 1985, ‘A Subterranean Complex at H. Ruma in Galilee’, Niqrot Zurim 11–12, 32–36 (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Safrai, Z., 1985. The Galilee in the Time of the Mishnah and Talmud, Ma’alot: Midreshet Shorashim (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Safrai, Z., and Ortner, R., 2021. ‘My Home is My Fortress: Combat in Built-up Areas in the Roman Army’, Te’uda, 32–33, 213–40 (Hebrew; English summary, p. 669).
   Google Scholar
• Shalem, D., 1996. ‘Migdal Ha‘emeq’, ESI, 15, 31–36.
   Google Scholar
• Shivtiel, Y., and Stepansky, Y., 2013. ‘Iyei Ma‘arot: A Cave and Hiding Complexes Settlement in Upper Galilee’, Jerusalem and Eretz-Israel 8–9, 241–66 (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Shivtiel, Y., 2016. ‘Hiding Complexes Beneath the Great Synagogue at Hukok: A Comparative Perspective and a Test Case of the Hiding Complexes Beneath Synagogues in the Galilee and in the Southern Hebron Hills’, in Z. Grossmark, et al. (eds), Tel Hai Galilee Studies 2, Zichron Yaacov, 175–204 (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Shivtiel, Y., 2019. Cliff Shelters and Hiding Complexes: The Jewish Defense Methods in Galilee During the Roman Period: The Speleological and Archaeological Evidence, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
   Google Scholar
• Shivtiel Y., 2021, The Galilee and the Bar Kokhba Revolt: A Different Perspective on the Galilee’s Participation in the Revolt in Light of Evidence from Hiding Complexes, Te’uda, 32–33, 451–88 (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar
• Strange, J. F., and Longstaff, T. R. W., 1985. ‘Sepphoris (Sippori)’, IEJ 35, 297–99.
   Google Scholar
• Strange, J. F., and Longstaff, T. R. W., 1987. ‘Sepphoris (Sippori)’, IEJ 37, 278–81.
   Google Scholar
• Tepper, Y., and Shahar, Y., 1987. ‘Horvat Naqiq’, in A. Kloner and Y. Tepper (eds), The Hiding Complexes in the Judean Shephelah, Tel-Aviv: Ha-Kibbutz HaMeuchad, 160–70 (Hebrew).
   Google Scholar