Patterns of quinolone susceptibility in Campylobacter jejuni associated with different gyrA mutations

References

• Lin M, Roche P, Spencer J, et al. Australia's notifiable diseases status, 2000-Annual report of the national notifiable diseases surveillance system. Commun Dis Intell 2002; 26: 118–99.
   Google Scholar
• Skirrow MB, Blaser Mi. Campylobacter jejuni. In: Blaser MJ, Smith PD, Ravdin JI, Greenberg HB, Guerrant RL, editors. Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002; 719–39.
   Google Scholar
• Shultz TR, Tapsall JW, White PA. Correlation of in vitro susceptibilities to newer quinolones of naturally occurring quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with changes in GyrA and ParC. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 734–8.
   Google Scholar
• Weigel LM, Anderson GJ, Facklam RR, et al. Genetic analyses of mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 3517–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Binotto E, McIver CJ, Hawkins GS. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylo-bacter jejuni infections. Med J Aust 2000; 172: 244–5.
   Google Scholar
• Penner J. Campylobacter, Helicobacter, and related spiral bacteria. In: Balows A, editor in chief. Manual of Clinical Microbiology. 5th ed. Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1991; 402–9.
   Google Scholar
• Bell SM, Gatus BJ, Pham JN, et al. Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing by the CDS Method-A manual for medical and veterinary laboratories. Sydney: Australian Society for Microbiology, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Steers E, Foltz EL, Graves BS. An inocula replicating apparatus for routine testing of bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. Antibiot Chemother 1959; 9: 307–12.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews JM. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 48 (Suppl. 1): 5–16.
   Google Scholar
• Butcher R, Franklin C, Gilbert G, et al. Clinical Microbiology Update Programme-Agar dilution susceptibility testing for bacteria that grow in air. Beaton C, editor. Sydney: Australian Society for Microbiology, 1986.
   Google Scholar
• Hakanen A, Huovinen P, Kotilainen P, et al. Quality control strains used in susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40: 2705–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White PA, McIver CJ, Deng Y-M, et al. Characterisation of two new gene cassettes, aadA5 and dfrA17. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000; 182: 265–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Huang WM, Taylor DE. Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Campylobacter jejuni gyrA gene and characterization of quinolone resistance mutations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37: 457–63.
   Google Scholar
• Charvalos E, Peteinaki E, Spyridaki I, et al. Detection of ciprofloxacin resistance mutations in Campylobacter jejuni gyrA by nonradio-isotopic single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct DNA sequencing. J Clin Lab Anal 1996; 10: 129–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibreel A, Sjögren E, Kaijser B, et al. Rapid emergence of high-level resistance to quinolones in Campylobacter jejuni associated with mutational changes in gyrA and parC. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 3276–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zirnstein G, Li Y, Swaminathan B, et al. Ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates: detection of gyrA resistance mutations by mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR and DNA sequence analysis. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 3276–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piddock LJV, Ricci V, Pumbwe L, et al. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter species from man and animals: detection of mutations in topoisomerase genes. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 51: 19–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Björkman J, Nagaev I, Berg OG, et al. Effects of environment on compensatory mutations to ameliorate costs of antibiotic resistance. Science 2000; 287: 1479–82.
   Google Scholar
• Charvalos E, Tselentis Y, Hamzehpour MM, et al. Evidence for an efflux pump in multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39: 2019–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pumbwe L, Piddock LJV. Identification and molecular characterisa-tion of CmeB, a Campylobacter jejuni multidrug efflux pump. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2002; 206: 185–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bachoual R, Ouabdesselam S, Mory F, et al. Single or double mutational alterations of gyrA associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coll. Microb Drug Resist 2001; 7: 257–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDermott PF, Bodeis SM, English LL, et al. Ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni evolves rapidly in chickens treated with fluoroquinolones. J Infect Dis 2002; 185: 837–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Unicomb L, Ferguson J, Riley TV, Collignon P. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter absent from isolates, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9: 1482–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tee W, Mijch A, Wright E, Yung A. Emergence of multidrug resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolated from three patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 634–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar