Histologically verified bone wax (beeswax) granuloma after median sternotomy in 17 of 18 autopsy cases

References

• Horsley V. Antiseptic wax. Br Med J 1892; 1: 1165
   Google Scholar
• Gal T. J., Bartels L. J. Use of bone wax in the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid fistula in acoustic neuroma surgery. Laryngoscope 1999; 109: 167–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naude G. P., Bongard F. S. Gunshot injuries of the sacrum. J Trauma 1996; 40: 656–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anfinsen O. G., Sudmann B., Rait M., et al. Complications secondary to the use of standard bone wax in seven patients. J Foot Ankle Surg 1993; 32: 505–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katz S. E., Rootman J. Adverse effects of bone wax in surgery of the orbit. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 1996; 12: 121–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel R. B., Kwartler J. A., Hodosh R. M. Bone wax as a cause of foreign body granuloma in the cerebellopontine angle. Case illustration. J Neurosurg 2000; 92: 362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verborgt O., Verellen K., Van Thielen F., et al. A retroperitoneal tumor as a late complication of the use of bone wax. Acta Orthop Belg 2000; 66: 389–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Low W. K., Sim C. S. Bone wax foreign body granuloma in the mastoid. J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2002; 64: 38–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sudmann B., Anfinsen O. G., Bang G., et al. Assessment in rats of a new bioerodible bone‐wax‐like polymer. Acta Orthop Scand 1993; 64: 336–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solheim E., Pinholt E. M., Bang G., et al. Effect of local hemostatics on bone induction in rats: a comparative study of bone wax, fibrin‐collagen paste, and bioerodible polyorthoester with and without gentamicin. J Biomed Mater Res 1992; 26: 791–800
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brightmore T. G., Hayes P., Humble J., et al. Haemostasis and healing following median sternotomy. Langenbecks Arch Chir 1975, (Suppl): 39–41
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nelson D. R., Buxton T. B., Luu Q. N., et al. The promotional effect of bone wax on experimental Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990; 99: 977–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris P., Capperauld I. A new absorbable haemostatic bone sealant. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1978; 23: 285–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blanche C., Chaux A. The use of absorbable microfibrillation collagen to control sternal bone marrow bleeding. Int Surg 1988; 73: 42–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjaergard H. K., Trumbull H. R. Bleeding from the sternal marrow can be stopped using vivostat patient‐derived fibrin sealant. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 69: 1173–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Momota Y., Miyamoto Y., Ishikawa K., et al. Evaluation of feasibility of hydroxyapatite putty as a local hemostatic agent for bone. J Biomed Mater Res 2002; 63: 542–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang M. Y., Armstrong J. K., Fisher T. C., et al. A new, pluronic‐based, bone hemostatic agent that does not impair osteogenesis. Neurosurgery 2001; 49: 962–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harjula A., Jarvinen A. Postoperative median sternotomy dehiscence. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983; 17: 277–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baskett R. J., MacDougall C. E., Ross D. B. Is mediastinitis a preventable complication? A 10‐year review. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67: 462–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robicsek F. Postoperative sterno‐mediastinitis. Am Surg 2000; 66: 184–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Braxton J. H., Marrin C. A., McGrath P. D., et al. Mediastinitis and long‐term survival after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70: 2004–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seyfer A. E., Shriver C. D., Miller T. R., et al. Sternal blood flow after median sternotomy and mobilization of the internal mammary arteries. Surgery 1988; 104: 899–904
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robicsek F., Daugherty H. K., Cook J. W., et al. Mycobacterium fortuitum epidemics after open‐heart surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1978; 75: 91–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Angelini G. D., el Ghamari F. A., Butchart E. G. Poststernotomy pseudo‐arthrosis due to foreign body reaction to bone wax. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1987; 1: 129–30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson P., Fromm D. Effects of bone wax on bacterial clearance. Surgery 1981; 89: 206–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robicsek F., Masters T. N., Littman L., et al. The embolization of bone wax from sternotomy incisions. Ann Thorac Surg 1981; 31: 357–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar