- ASHER , S.R. , HYMEL , S. and RENSHAW , P.D. 1984 . Loneliness in children . Child Development , 55 : 1456 – 1464 .
- BELTEMPO , J. and ACHILLE , P.A. 1990 . The effect of special class placement on the self-concept of children with learning disabilities . Child Study Journal , 20 (2) : 81 – 102 .
- BORKOWSKI , J.G. , CARR , M. , RELLINGER , L. and PRESSLEY , M. 1990 . “ Self-regulated cognition: independence of metacognition, attributions and self-esteem ” . In Dimensions of Thinking and Cognitive Instruction , Edited by: JONES , B.J. and IDOL , L. 53 – 92 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
- BRUININKS , V.L. 1978 . Peer status and personality characteristics of learning disabled and non-disabled students . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 11 : 484 – 489 .
- CARTLEDGE , G. , STUPAY , D. and KACZALA , C. 1986 . Social skills and social perception of LD and nonhandicappd elementary-school students . Learning Disability Quarterly , 9 : 226 – 234 .
- COVINGTON , M.V. 1992 . Making the Grade: a self-worth perspective on motivation and school reform , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- CULLEN , J.L. 1985 . “ Children's ability to cope with failure: implications of a metacognitive approach for the classroom ” . In Metacognition, Ccognition and Human Performance: Vol. 2. Instructional practices , Edited by: FORREST-PRESSLEY , D.L. , MACKINNON , G.E. and WALLER , T.G. Vol. 2 , 267 – 300 . Orlando, FL : Academic Press .
- DWECK , C. 1975 . The role of expectations and attributions in the alleviation of learned helplessness . Journal of Personality and Scial Psychology , 31 : 674 – 685 .
- HEATH , N.L. 1993 . Learning disabilities and depression: research, theory and practice . Exceptionality Education Canada , 2-4 : 59 – 74 .
- HEATH , N.L. and WIENER , J. 1996 . Depression and nonacademic self-perceptions in children with and without learning disabilities . Learning Disabilities Quarterly , 19 : 34 – 44 .
- HEYMAN , W.B. 1990 . The self-perception of a learning disability and its relationship to academic self-concept and self-esteem . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 23 (8) : 472 – 475 .
- HINSHAW , S. 1992 . Academic underachievement, attention deficits and aggression: comorbidity and implications for intervention . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 60 : 863 – 902 .
- KISTNER , J.A. and OSBORNE , M. 1987 . A longitudinal study of LD children's self-evaluations . Learning Disability Quarterly , 10 : 258 – 266 .
- LA GRECA , A.M. and STONE , W.L. 1990 . LD status and achievement: confounding variables in the study of children's social status, self-esteem and behavioral functioning . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 23 (8) : 483 – 490 .
- LEDINGHAM , J.E. and SCHWARTZMAN , A.E. 1984 . A 3-year follow-up of aggressive and withdrawn behavior in childhood: preliminary findings . Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 12 : 157 – 168 .
- MAAG , J.W. and BEHRENS , J. 1989 . Depression and cognitive self statements of learning disabled and seriously emotionally disturbed adolescents . The Journal of Special Education , 23 : 17 – 27 .
- MARSH , H. 1984 . Relations among dimensions of self-attribution, dimensions of self-concept, and academic achievement . Journal of Educational Psychology , 76 : 1291 – 1308 .
- MARSH , H. , CAIRNS , L. , RALICH , J. , BARNES , J. and DEBUS , R. 1984 . The relationship between dimensions of self-attribution and dimensions of self-concept . Journal of Educational Psychology , 76 : 3 – 32 .
- MILICH , R. , MCANINCH , C.B. and HARRIS , M.J. 1992 . Effects of stigmatizing information on children's peer relations: believing is seeing . School Psychology Review , 21 (3) : 400 – 409 .
- MOKROS , H. , POZNANSKI , E. and MERRIK , W. 1989 . Depression and learning disabilities in children: a test of a hypothesis . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 22 : 230 – 233 .
- NEWCOMER , P.L. , BARENBAUM , E. and PEARSON , N. 1995 . Depression and anxiety in children and adolescents with learning disabilities, conduct disorders and no disabilities . Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders , 3 (1) : 27 – 39 .
- PARIS , S.G. and WINOGRAD , P. 1990 . “ How metacognition can promote learning and instruction ” . In Dimensions of Thinking and Cognitive Instruction , Edited by: JONES , B.J. and IDOL , L. 15 – 51 . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum .
- ROGERS , H. and SAKLOFSKE , D.H. 1985 . Self-concepts, locus of control, and performance expectations of learning disabled children . Journal of Learning Disabilities , 18 : 273 – 277 .
- SERAFICA , F.C. and HARWAY , N.I. 1979 . Social relations and self-esteem of children with learning disabilities . Journal of Clinical Child Psychology , 6 : 227 – 233 .
- SKAALVIK , E.M. 1990 . Attribution of perceived academic results and relations with self-esteem in senior high school students . Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research , 34 : 259 – 269 .
- SKAALVIK , E.M. 1997 . “ Issues in research on self-concept ” . In Advances in Motivation and Achievement , Edited by: MAEHR , M. and PINTRICH , P.R. Vol. 10 , 51 – 97 . London : JAI Press .
- THOMPSONPROUT , H. , MARCAL , S.D. and MARCAL , D.C. 1992 . A meta-analysis of self-reported personality characteristics of children and adolescents with learning disabilities . Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment , 10 : 59 – 64 .
- VALAS , H. 2001 . Learned helplessness and psychological adjustment: effects of age, gender, and academic achievement . Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research , 45 : 71 – 90 .
Learned Helplessness and Psychological Adjustment II: Effects of learning disabilities and low achievement
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.