9,047
Views
56
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Reviews

Development of seaweed cultivation in Latin America: current trends and future prospects

, &
Pages 462-471 | Received 10 Apr 2018, Accepted 04 Jul 2019, Published online: 11 Sep 2019

REFERENCES

  • Ávila M., Hoffmann A. & Santelices B. 1985. Interacciones de temperatura, densidad de flujo fotónico y fotoperíodo sobre el desarrollo de etapas microscópicas de Lessonia nigrescens (Phaeophyta, Laminariales). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 58: 71–82.
  • Ávila M., Piel M.I., Caceres J.H. & Alveal K. 2011. Cultivation of the red alga Chondracanthus chamissoi: sexual reproduction and seedling production in culture under controlled conditions. Journal of Applied Phycology 23: 529–536. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-010-9628-1.
  • AUNAP. 2014. Plan Nacional para el Desarrollo de la Acuicultura Sostenible en Colombia. Autoridad Nacional de Acuicultura y Pesca. http://aunap.gov.co/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/Plan-Nacional-para-el-Desarrollo-de-la-Acuicultura-Sostenible-Colombia.pdf; searched on 10 December 2018.
  • Bezerra A.F. & Marinho-Soriano E. 2010. Cultivation of the red seaweed Gracilaria birdiae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in tropical waters of northeast Brazil. Biomass and Bioenergy 34: 1813–1817. DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.07.016.
  • Bulboa C., Macchiavello J., Véliz K. & Oliveira E.C. 2010. Germination rate and sporeling development of Chondracanthus chamissoi (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) varies along a latitudinal gradient on the coast of Chile. Aquatic Botany 92: 137–141. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquabot.2009.10.016.
  • Bulboa C., Véliz K., Sáez F., Sepúlveda C., Vega L. & Macchiavello J. 2013. A new method for cultivation of the carragenophyte and edible red seaweed Chondracanthus chamissoi based on secondary attachment disc: development in outdoor tanks. Aquaculture 410–411: 86–94. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.06.018.
  • Bulboa C.R., Macchiavello J.E., Veliz K., Macaya E. & Oliveira E.C. 2007. In vitro recruitment of Ulva sp. and Enteromorpha sp. on gametophytic and tetrasporophytic thalli of four populations of Chondracanthus chamissoi from Chile. Journal of Applied Phycology 19: 247–254. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-006-9130-y.
  • Buschmann A.H., Camus C., Infante J., Neori A., Álvaro I., Hernández-González M.C., Pereda S.V., Gómez- Pinchetti J.L., Golberg A., Tadmor-Shalev N., et al. 2017. Seaweed production: overview of the global state of exploitation, farming and emerging research activity. European Journal of Phycology 52: 391–406. DOI: 10.1080/09670262.2017.1365175.
  • Buschmann A.H., Hernández-González M.D.C. & Daniel V. 2008. Seaweed future cultivation in Chile: perspectives and challenges. International Journal of Environment and Pollution 33: 432–456. DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2008.020571.
  • Buschmann A.H., Troell M. & Kautsky N. 2001. Integrated algal farming: a review. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 42: 83–90.
  • Callaway E. 2015. Lab staple agar runs low: dwindling seaweed harvest imperils reagent essential for culturing microbes. Nature 528: 171–172.
  • Camus C., Infante J. & Buschmann A. 2018. Overview of 3 years precommercial seafarming of Macrocystis pyrifera along the Chilean coast. Reviews in Aquaculture 10: 543–559. DOI: 10.1111/raq.12185.
  • Cassolato J.E.F., Noseda M.D., Pujol C.A. Pellizari F.M., Damonte E.B. & Duarte M.E.R. 2008. Chemical structure and antiviral activity of the sulfated heterorhamnan isolated from the green seaweed Gayralia oxysperma. Carbohydrate Research 343: 3085–3095.
  • Castelar B., Reis R.P. & Kirk R. 2009. Invasive potential of Kappaphycus alvarezii off the south coast of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil: a contribution to environmentally secure cultivation in the tropics. Botanica Marina 52: 283–289.
  • CHILE. 1989. Ley General De Pesca Y Acuicultura. Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Reconstrucción. https://www.leychile.cl/N?i=30265&f=1991-09-06&p=; searched on 10 December 2018.
  • CHILE. 2016. Ley 20925. Crea Bonificación para el Repoblamiento y Cultivo de Algas. Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Reconstrucción. https://www.leychile.cl/N?i=1091690&f=2016-06-17&p=; searched on 10 December 2018.
  • Chopin T., Buschmann A.H., Halling C., Troell M., Kautsky N., Kraemer G.P., Zertuche-González J.A., Yarish C. & Neefus C. 2001. Integrating seaweeds into marine aquaculture systems: a key toward sustainability. Journal of Phycology 37: 975–986. DOI: 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2001.01137.x.
  • Copertino M., Da S., Tormena T. & Ulrich S. 2009. Biofiltering efficiency, uptake and assimilation rates of Ulva clathrata (Roth) J. Agardh (Chlorophyceae) cultivated in shrimp aquaculture waste water. Journal of Applied Phycology 21: 31–45. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-008-9357-x.
  • Correa J.A., Beltrán J., Buschmann A.H. & Renato W. 1999. Healing and regeneration responses in Gigartina skottsbergii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales): optimization of vegetative propagation for cultivation. Journal of Applied Phycology 11: 315–327. DOI: 10.1023/A:1008106527820.
  • Cottier-Cook E.J., Nagabhatla N., Yacine B., Campbell M.L., Thierry C., Dai W., Fang J., He P., Hewitt C.L., Kim G.H., et al. 2016. Policy brief. Safeguarding the future of the global seaweed aquaculture industry. United Nations University Institute of Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH) and Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), South Hamilton, UK. 12 pp.
  • De Paula E.J., Pereira R.T.L. & Ohno M. 1999. Strain selection in Kappaphycus alvarezii var. alvarezii (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) using tetraspore progeny. Journal of Applied Phycology 11: 111–121. DOI: 10.1023/A:1008085614360.
  • DINARA. 2008. Política Nacional para el Desarrollo de la Acuicultura Sostenible en la República Oriental del Uruguay. Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos. http://www.mgap.gub.uy/sites/default/files/multimedia/politica_acuicola_sostenible.pdf; searched on 10 December 2018.
  • Duarte C.M., Wu J., Xiao X., Bruhn A. & Krause-Jensen D. 2017. Can seaweed farming play a role in climate change mitigation and adaptation? Frontiers in Marine Science 4: 1–10. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2017.00100.
  • Edding M., Venegas M., Orrego P. & Fonck E. 1990. Culture and growth of Lessonia trabeculata (Phaeophyta, Laminariales) juvenile sporophytes in La Herradura de Guayacan Bay, northern Chile. Hydrobiologia 204/205: 361–366. DOI: 10.1007/BF00040257.
  • FAO. 2018a. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable development goals. Rome, Italy. 210 pp.
  • FAO. 2018b. The global status of seaweed production, trade and utilization. Globefish Research Programme Volume 124. Rome, Italy. 120 pp.
  • FAO. 2018c. FishStat. Global aquaculture production 1950–2016. http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/global-aquaculture-production/query/en; searched on 04 March 2018.
  • Fernandes D.R.P., Oliveira V.P. & Valentin Y. 2014. Seaweed biotechnology in Brazil: six decades of studies on natural products and their antibiotic and other biological activities. Journal of Applied Phycology 26: 1923–1937. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-014-0287-5.
  • Fernández P.A., Leal P.P. & Henríquez L.A. 2019. Co-culture in marine farms: macroalgae can act as chemical refuge for shell-forming molluscs under an ocean acidification scenario. Phycologia 58: 542–551. DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2019.1628576.
  • Fonck E., Martínez R., Vásquez J. & Bulboa C. 2008. Factors that affect the re-attachment of Chondracanthus chamissoi (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) thalli. Journal of Applied Phycology 20: 311–314. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-007-9251-y.
  • González A., Beltrán J., Hiriart-Bertrand L., Flores V., De Reviers B., Correa J.A. & Santelices B. 2012. Identification of cryptic species in the Lessonia nigrescens complex (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales). Journal of Phycology 48: 1153–1165. DOI: 10.1111/jpy.2012.48.issue-5.
  • Gurgel C.F.D., Norris J.N., Schmidt W.E., Le H.N. & Fredericq S. 2018. Systematics of the Gracilariales (Rhodophyta) including new subfamilies, tribes, subgenera, and two new genera, Agarophyton gen. nov. and Crassa gen. nov. Phytotaxa 374: 1–23. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.374.1.1.
  • Gutierrez A., Correa T., Muñoz V., Santibañez A., Marcos R., Cárceres C. & Buschmann A. 2006. Farming of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera in southern Chile for development of novel food products. Journal of Applied Phycology 18: 259–267. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-006-9025-y.
  • Hayashi L., Reis R.P., Dos Santos A.A., Castelar B., Robledo D., De Vega G.B., Msuya F.E., Eswaran K., Yasir S.M., Ali M.K.M.K., et al. 2017. The cultivation of Kappaphycus and Eucheuma in tropical and sub-tropical waters. In: Tropical seaweed farming. trends, problems and opportunities (Ed. by A.Q. Hurtado, A.T. Critchley & I.C. Neish), pp. 55–90. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.
  • Hayashi L., Bulboa C., Kradolfer P., Soriano G. & Robledo D. 2013. Cultivation of red seaweeds: a Latin American perspective. Journal of Applied Phycology 26: 719–727. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-013-0143-z.
  • Hernández-González M.C., Buschmann A.H., Cifuentes M., Correa J.A. & Westermeier R. 2007. Vegetative propagation of the carrageenophytic red alga Gigartina skottsbergii Setchell et Gardner: indoor and field experiments. Aquaculture 262: 120–128. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.04.048.
  • Hurtado A.Q., Neish I.C. & Critchley A.T. 2019. Phyconomy: the extensive cultivation of seaweeds, their sustainability and economic value, with particular reference to important lessons to be learned and transferred from the practice of eucheumatoid farming. Phycologia 58: 472–483. DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2019.1625632.
  • ICMBIO. 2008. Instrução Normativa IBAMA N° 185, de 22 de julho de 2008. http://www.icmbio.gov.br/cepsul/images/stories/legislacao/Instrucao_normativa/2008/in_ibama_185_2008_permitircultivokappaphycus_alvarezii_rs_sc_revoga_in_ibama_165_2007.pdf; searched on 10 December 2018.
  • Kim J.K., Stekoll M. & Yarish C. 2019. Opportunities, challenges and future directions of open-water seaweed aquaculture in the United States. Phycologia 58: 446–461. DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2019.1625611.
  • Kim J.K., Yarish C., Hwang E.K., Park M. & Kim Y. 2017. Seaweed aquaculture: cultivation technologies, challenges and its ecosystem services. Algae 32: 1–13. DOI: 10.4490/algae.2017.32.3.3.
  • Lorbeer A.J., Tham R. & Zhang W. 2013. Potential products from the highly diverse and endemic macroalgae of southern Australia and pathways for their sustainable production. Journal of Applied Phycology 25: 717–732. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-013-0003-x.
  • Macchiavello J., Sepúlveda C., Basaure H., Sáez F., Yañes D., Marín C. & Vega L. 2018. Suspended culture of Chondracanthus chamissoi (Rhodophyta: gigartinales) in Caleta Hornos (northern Chile) via vegetative propagation with secondary attachment discs. Journal of Applied Phycology 30: 1149–1155. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1307-z.
  • MAG. 2016. Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Sustentable de la Pesca y la Acuicultura de El Salvador. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería. http://propesca.org/sites/default/files//on_blank/Plan%20Estrat%C3%A9gico%20Acuicultura%20en%20El%20Salvador%20-%20FUNDES.pdf; searched on 10 December 2018.
  • Marinho-Soriano E. 2017. Historical context of commercial exploitation of seaweeds in Brazil. Journal of Applied Phycology 29: 665–671. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0866-8.
  • Marinho-Soriano E., Morales C. & Moreira W.S.C. 2002. Cultivation of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta) in shrimp pond effluents in Brazil. Aquaculture Research 33: 1081–1086. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2109.2002.00781.x.
  • Marinho-Soriano E., Moreira W.S.C. & Carneiro M.A.A. 2006. Some aspects of the growth of Gracilaria birdiae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in an estuary in northeast Brazil. Aquaculture International 14: 327–336. DOI: 10.1007/s10499-005-9032-z.
  • Marinho-Soriano E., Nunes S.O., Carneiro M.A.A. & Pereira D.C.E. 2009a. Nutrients’ removal from aquaculture wastewater using the macroalgae Gracilaria birdiae. Biomass and Bioenergy 33: 327–331. DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.07.002.
  • Marinho-Soriano E., Panucci R.A., Carneiro M.A.A. & Pereira D.C. 2009b. Evaluation of Gracilaria caudata J. Agardh for bioremediation of nutrients from shrimp farming wastewater. Bioresource Technology 100: 6192–6198. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.06.102.
  • Martín L.A., De Zaixso A.L.B. & Leonardi P.I. 2011. Biomass variation and reproductive phenology of Gracilaria gracilis in a Patagonian natural bed (Chubut, Argentina). Journal of Applied Phycology 23: 643–654. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-010-9555-1.
  • MIDEPLAN. 2014. Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2015–2018 “Alberto Cañas Escalante”. Ministerio de Planificación Nacional y Política Económica. http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/cos145028.pdf; searched on 10 December 2018.
  • Ministério de Economia, Fomento y Turismo. 2015. Resolución 1105 EXENTA. Programa de Vigilancia de Rhizoclonium spp. en el área de plaga declarada por la Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura en el Río Maullín. https://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1085034; searched on 09 December 2018.
  • MPA. 2015. Plano de Desenvolvimento da Aquicultura Brasileira 2015–2020. Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura. http://seafoodbrasil.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Plano_de_Desenvolvimento_da_Aquicultura-2015-2020.pdf; searched on 10 December 2018.
  • Muñoz J., Freile-Pelegrín Y. & Robledo D. 2004. Mariculture of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) color strains in tropical waters of Yucatán, México. Aquaculture 239: 161–177. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.05.043.
  • Navarro K. 2016. Cultiva UABC macroalga para la elaboración de alimentos. http://newsnet.conacytprensa.mx/index.php/documentos/15207-cultiva-uabc-macroalga-para-la-elaboracio-n-de-alimentos; searched on 24 March 2018.
  • Otaíza R.D., Rodríguez C.Y., Cáceres J.H. & Sanhueza A.G. 2018. Fragmentation of thalli and secondary attachment of fragments of the agarophyte Gelidium lingulatum (Rhodophyta, Gelidiales). Journal of Applied Phycology 30: 1921–1931. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-018-1391-8.
  • Pallaoro M.F., Vieira F.N. & Hayashi L. 2016. Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta, Ulvales) as co-feed for Pacific white shrimp. Journal of Applied Phycology 28: 3659–3665. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0843-2.
  • Pellizzari F., Oliveira E.C. & Yokoya N.S. 2008. Life-history, thallus ontogeny, and the effects of temperature, irradiance and salinity on growth of the edible green seaweed Gayralia spp. (Chlorophyta) from southern Brazil. Journal of Applied Phycology 20: 75–82. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-007-9183-6.
  • Pellizzari F. & Reis R.P. 2011. Seaweed cultivation on the southern and southeastern Brazilian coast. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy 21: 305–312. DOI: 10.1590/S0102-695X2011005000057.
  • Pellizzari F.M., Absher T., Yokoya N.S. & Oliveira E.C. 2007. Cultivation of the edible green seaweed Gayralia (Chlorophyta) in southern Brazil. Journal of Applied Phycology 19: 63–69. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-006-9111-1.
  • Peña-Rodríguez A., Magallón-Barajas F.J., Cruz-Suárez L.E., Elizondo-González R. & Moll B. 2017. Effects of stocking density on the performance of brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus californiensis co-cultured with the green seaweed Ulva clathrata. Aquaculture Research 48: 2803–2811. DOI: 10.1111/are.2017.48.issue-6.
  • Peña-Rodríguez A., Mawhinney T.P., Ricque-Marie D. & Cruz-Suárez L.E. 2011. Chemical composition of cultivated seaweed Ulva clathrata (Roth) C. Agardh. Food Chemistry 129: 491–498. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.104.
  • PERU. 2004. Ley 27460. Ley de promocion y desarrollo de la acuicultura y sus modificaciones. http://www2.produce.gob.pe/RepositorioAPS/1/jer/PROPESCA_OTRO/marco-legal/1.2.%20Ley%20Acuacultura%20l27460.pdf; searched on 10 December 2018.
  • PRODUCE. 2010. Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Acuícola 2010–2021. Ministério de la Producción. https://www.produce.gob.pe/index.php/sector-acuicultura/plan-nacional-de-desarrollo-acuicola; searched on 10 December 2018.
  • Rebours C., Marinho-Soriano E., Zertuche-González J.A.M., Hayashi L., Vásquez J.A., Kradolfer P., Soriano G., Ugarte R., Abreu M.H., Bay-Larsen I. et al. 2014. Seaweeds: an opportunity for wealth and sustainable livelihood for coastal communities. Journal of Applied Phycology 26: 1939–1951. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-014-0304-8.
  • Reis R.P., Castelar B. & Santos A.A. 2017. Why is algaculture still incipient in Brazil? Journal of Applied Phycology 29: 673–682. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0890-8.
  • Robledo D., Gasca-Leyva E. & Fraga J. 2013. Social and economic dimensions of carrageenan seaweed farming in Mexico. In: Social and economic dimensions of carrageenan seaweed farming. FAO fisheries and aquaculture technical paper (Ed. by D. Valderrama, J. Cai, N. Hishamunda & R.N. Ridler), pp. 185–204. FAO, Rome, Italy.
  • Robledo D.R. & Townsend W. 2006. Seaweeds and mangroves: improving environmental practices in coastal communities to secure sustainable livelihoods. In: Coastal resource management in the wider Caribbean. Resilience, adaptation and community diversity (Ed. by Y. Breton, D. Brown, B. Davy, M. Haughton & L. Ovares), pp. 172–191. International Development Research Centre, Canada; Ian Randle Publishers, Kingston, Jamaica.
  • Romo H., Alveal K. & Werlinger C. 2001. Growth of the commercial carrageenophyte Sarcothalia crispata (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) on suspended culture in central Chile. Journal of Applied Phycology 13: 229–234. DOI: 10.1023/A:1011173515578.
  • Romo H., Avila M., Núñez M., Pérez R., Candia A. & Aroca G. 2006. Culture of Gigartina skottsbergii (Rhodophyta) in southern Chile. A pilot scale approach. Journal of Applied Phycology 18: 307–314. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-006-9026-x.
  • Sáez F. & Macchiavello J. 2018. Secondary attachment discs: a new alternative for restoring populations of Chondracanthus chamissoi (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta). Latin America Journal of Aquatic Research 46: 140–146. DOI: 10.3856/vol46-issue1-fulltext-14.
  • Santos A.A. 2014. Potencial de cultivo da macroalga Kappaphycus alvarezii em Santa Catarina. PhD Thesis. Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil. 151 pp.
  • Santos A.A., Dorow R., Araujo L.A. & Hayashi L. 2018a. Socioeconomic analysis of the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii and mollusks (Crassostrea gigas and Perna perna) farming in Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Custos E Agronegócio Online 14: 443–472.
  • Santos A.A., Novaes A.L.T., Marchiori N.C. & Hayashi L. 2018b. Novel flotation model for the experimental culture of macroalgae Kappaphycus alvarezii in Florianópolis, Brazil. Agropecuária Catarinense 31: 45–48. DOI: 10.22491/RAC.2018.v31n2.4.
  • SERNAPESCA. 1991. Anuarios estadísticos de pesca 1991. Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura de Chile. http://www.sernapesca.cl/informes/estadisticas; searched on 09 December 2018.
  • SERNAPESCA. 1994–2017. Anuarios estadísticos de pesca y acuicultura 1994–2017. Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura de Chile. http://www.sernapesca.cl/informes/estadisticas; searched on 09 December 2018.
  • SERNAPESCA. 2017. Anuarios estadísticos de pesca 2017. Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura de Chile. http://www.sernapesca.cl/informes/estadisticas; searched on 09 December 2018.
  • Shannon E. & Abu-Ghannam N. 2019. Seaweeds as nutraceuticals for health and nutrition. Phycologia 58: 563–577. DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2019.1640533.
  • SUBPESCA. 2003. Politica Nacional de Acuicultura. Subsecretaría de Pesca y Acuicultura, Ministerio de Economía, Fomento y Turismo. http://www.subpesca.cl/portal/616/w3-article-60019.html; searched on 10 December 2018.
  • Suplicy F.M., Vianna L.F.N., Rupp G.S., Novaes A.L.T., Garbossa L.H.P., Souza R.V., Guzenski J., Costa S.W., Silva F.M. & Santos A.A. 2017. Planning and management for sustainable coastal aquaculture development in Santa Catarina State, south Brazil. Reviews in Aquaculture 9: 107–124. DOI: 10.1111/raq.12107.
  • Tala F., Edding M. & Vásquez J. 2004. Aspects of the reproductive phenology of Lessonia trabeculata (Laminariales : Phaeophyceae) from three populations in northern Chile. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 38: 255–266. DOI: 10.1080/00288330.2004.9517235.
  • Tellier F., Vega J.M.A., Broitman B., Vásquez J.A., Valero M. & Faugeron S. 2011. The importance of having two species instead of one in kelp management: the Lessonia nigrescens species complex. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 52: 455–465.
  • UCAR. 2015. Programa de Desarrollo Pesquero y Acuícola Sustentable (PRODESPA). Unidad para el Cambio Rural (UCAR) del Ministerio de Agroindustria de la Nación. https://plataformacelac.org/programa/1049; searched on 10 December 2018.
  • Ursi S., Costa V.L., Hayashi L., Pereira R.T.L., Paula E.J. & Plastino E.M. 2013. Intraspecific variation in Gracilaria birdiae (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta): growth and agar yield and quality of color strains under aquaculture. Botanica Marina 56: 241–248. DOI: 10.1515/bot-2012-0219.
  • Varela D.A., Hernríquez L.A., Fernández P.A., Leal P., Hernández-González M.C., Figueroa F.L. & Buschmann A.H. 2018. Photosynthesis and nitrogen uptake of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera (Ochrophyta) grown close to salmon farms. Marine Environmental Research 135: 92–102. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.02.002.
  • Westermeier R., Murúa P., Patiño D.J. & Muller D.G. 2017. Population biology and long-term mariculture studies in the brown alga Lessonia trabeculata in Atacama, Chile. Journal of Applied Phycology 29: 2267–2275. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-1019-9.
  • Wurmann G.C. 2017. Regional review on status and trends in aquaculture development in Latin America and the Caribbean – 2015. FAO fisheries and aquaculture circular no. 1135/3, Rome, Italy. 36 pp.
  • Zamorano J. 2016. Pilot scale cultivation of Sarcothalia crispata in southern Chile. In: Book of abstracts. 22nd International Seaweed Symposium Proceedings. p. 87. Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Zertuche-González J.A., García-Lepe G., Pacheco-Ruíz I., Chee A., Gendrop V. & Guzmán J.M. 2001. Open water Chondrus crispus Stackhouse cultivation. Journal of Applied Phycology 13: 249–253. DOI: 10.1023/A:1011197119042.
  • Zertuche-González J.A., Sánchez-Barredo M., Guzmán-Calderón J.M. & Altamirano-Gómez Z. 2014. Eisenia arborea J.E. Areschoug as abalone diet on an IMTA farm in Baja California, México. Journal of Applied Phycology 26: 957–960. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-013-0138-9.
  • Zuniga-Jara S. & Soria-Barreto K. 2018. Prospects for the commercial cultivation of macroalgae in northern Chile: the case of Chondracanthus chamissoi and Lessonia trabeculata. Journal of Applied Phycology 30: 1135–1147. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-017-1298-9.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.