Reclassification of Gonyaulax verior (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae) as Sourniaea diacantha gen. et comb. nov.

REFERENCES

• Adachi M., Sako Y. & Ishida Y. 1996. Analysis of Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) species using sequences of the 5.8S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer regions. Journal of Phycology 32: 424–432. DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1996.00424.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Álvarez G., Uribe E., Regueiro J., Blanco J. & Fraga S. 2016. Gonyaulax taylorii, a new yessotoxins-producer dinoflagellate species from Chilean waters. Harmful Algae 58: 8–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.07.006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amorim A., Veloso V., Rodríguez F. & Fraga S. 2013. Life-cycle, morphology and phylogeny of species of Fragilidium Balech from west Iberia. In: Biological and geological perspectives of dinoflagellates (Ed. by J. Lewis, F. Marret & L. Bradley), pp. 215–224. The Micropaleontological Society, London, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Athanassopoulos G. 1931. Microfaune du golfe de Salonique, etc. Bulletin de l’ Institut Océanographique 588: 1–26.
   Google Scholar
• Balech E. 1977. Cuatro especies de “Gonyaulax” sensu lato, y consideraciones sobre el género (Dinoflagellata). Revista Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”. Hidrobiología 5: 115–136.
   Google Scholar
• Balech E. 1980. On the thecal morphology of dinoflagellates with special emphasis on cingular and sulcal plates. Anales del Centro de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México 7: 57–68.
   Google Scholar
• Balech E. 1988. Los dinoflagellados del Atlántico sudoccidental. Publicaciones Especiales Instituto Español de Oceanografía 1: 1–310.
   Google Scholar
• Bérard-Therriault L., Poulin M. & Bossé L. 1999. Guide d’identification du phytoplancton marin de l’estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent incluant également certains protozoaires. Publication spéciale canadienne des sciences halieutiques et quatiques 128. Les Presses Scientifiques du CNRC, Ottawa, Canada. 387 pp. DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-1809.1999.6320101.x.
   Google Scholar
• Blanco J. 1989. Quistes de Dinoflagelados de las costas de Galicia. I. Dinoflagelados gonyaulacoides. Scientia Marina 53: 785–796.
   Google Scholar
• Boc A., Diallo A.B. & Makarenkov V. 2012. T-REX: a web server for inferring, validating and visualizing phylogenetic trees and networks. Nucleic Acids Research 40: W573–W579. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daugbjerg N., Hansen G., Larsen J. & Moestrup Ø. 2000. Phylogeny of some of the major genera of dinoflagellates based on ultrastructure and partial LSU rDNA sequence data, including the erection of three new genera of unarmoured dinoflagellates. Phycologia 39: 302–317. DOI: 10.2216/i0031-8884-39-4-302.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodge J.D. 1982. Marine dinoflagellates of the British Isles. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London, UK. 303 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Dodge J.D. 1989. Some revisions of the family Gonyaulacaceae (Dinophyceae) based on a scanning electron microscope study. Botanica Marina 32: 275–298. DOI: 10.1515/botm.1989.32.4.275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dürr G. 1979. Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen am Panzer von dinoflagellaten: I. Gonyaulax polyedra. Archiv für Protistenkunde 122: 55–87. DOI: 10.1016/S0003-9365(79)80020-2.
   Google Scholar
• Ellegaard M., Christensen N.F. & Moestrup Ø. 1994. Dinoflagellate cysts from recent Danish marine sediments. European Journal of Phycology 29: 183–194. DOI: 10.1080/09670269400650631.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellegaard M., Daugbjerg N., Rochon A., Lewis J. & Harding I. 2003. Morphological and LSU rDNA sequence variation within the Gonyaulax spinifera-Spiniferites group (Dinophyceae) and proposal of G. elongata comb. nov. and G. membranacea comb. nov. Phycologia 42: 151–164. DOI: 10.2216/i0031-8884-42-2-151.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fensome R.A., Taylor F.J.R., Norris G., Sarjeant W.A.S., Wharton D.I. & Williams G.L. 1993. A classification of fossil and living dinoflagellates. Micropaleontology Special Publication 7: 1–245.
   Google Scholar
• Fritz L. & Triemer R. 1985. A rapid simple technique utilizing Calcofluor White M2R for the visualization of dinoflagellate thecal plates. Journal of Phycology 21: 662–664. DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-3646.1985.00662.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gocht H. 1979. Korrelation von Überlappungs system und Wachstum bei fossilen Dinoflagellaten (Gonyaulax-Gruppe). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 157: 344–365.
   Google Scholar
• Gómez F. 2005. A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world’s oceans. Acta Botanica Croatica 64: 129–212.
   Google Scholar
• Gómez F. 2012. A checklist and classification of living dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata, Alveolata). CICIMAR Oceánides 27: 65–140.
   Google Scholar
• Guillard R.R.L. & Ryther J.H. 1962. Studies of marine planktonic diatoms. I. Cyclotella nana Hustedt and Detonula confervacea Cleve. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 8: 229–239. DOI: 10.1139/m62-029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall T.A. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
   Google Scholar
• Hallegraeff G.M. & Bolch C. 1992. Transport of diatom and dinoflagellate resting spores in ships’ ballast water: implications for plankton biogeography and aquaculture. Journal of Plankton Research 14: 1067–1084. DOI: 10.1093/plankt/14.8.1067.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Helenes J. 1984. Morphological analysis of mesozoic-cenozoic Cribroperidinium (Dinophyceae), and taxonomic implications. Palynology 8: 107–137. DOI: 10.1080/01916122.1984.9989273.
   Google Scholar
• Hernández-Becerril D.U. & Navarro N. 1996. Thecate dinoflagellates (Dinophyceae) from Bahía Fosforescente, Puerto Rico. Revista de Biologia Tropical 44: 465–475.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson M. & Costello M. 2002. Local and external components of the summertime plankton community in Lough Hyne, Ireland a stratified marine inlet. Journal of Plankton Research 24: 1305–1315. DOI: 10.1093/plankt/24.12.1305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katoh K. & Standley D.M. 2013. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mst010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim K. & Kim C. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships among diverse dinoflagellate species occurring in coastal waters off Korea inferred from large subunit ribosomal DNA sequence data. Algae 22: 57–67. DOI: 10.4490/ALGAE.2007.22.2.057.
   Google Scholar
• Kofoid C.A. 1911. Dinoflagellata of the San Diego region, IV. The genus Gonyaulax with notes on its skeletal morphology and a discussion of its generic and specific characters. University of California Publications in Zoology 8: 187–286.
   Google Scholar
• Koibuchi Y. & Isobe M. 2007. Phytoplankton bloom mechanism in an area affected by eutrophication: Tokyo Bay in spring 1999. Coastal Engineering Journal 49: 461–479. DOI: 10.1142/S0578563407001691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koike K. & Takishita K. 2008. Anucleated cryptophyte vestiges in the gonyaulacalean dinoflagellates Amylax buxus and Amylax triacantha (Dinophyceae). Phycological Research 56: 301–311. DOI: 10.1080/00318884.2019.1663693.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lebour M.V. 1925. The dinoflagellates of the northern seas. Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Plymouth, UK. 250 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis J. & Hallett R. 1997. Lingulodinium polyedrum (Gonyaulax polyedra) a blooming dinoflagellate. Oceanography and Marine Biology 35: 97–162.
   Google Scholar
• Lewis J., Rochon A. & Harding I. 1999. Preliminary observations of cyst-theca relationships in Spiniferites ramosus and Spiniferites membranaceus (Dinophyceae). Grana 38: 113–124. DOI: 10.1080/00173139908559220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo Z., Lim Z.F., Mertens K.N., Krock B., Teng S.T., Tan T.H., Leaw C.P., Lim P.T. & Gu H. 2020. Attributing Ceratocorys, Pentaplacodinium and Protoceratium to Protoceratiaceae (Dinophyceae), with descriptions of Ceratocorys malayensis sp. nov. and Pentaplacodinium usupianumsp. nov. Phycologia 59: 6–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuoka K., Fukuyo Y. & Anderson D.M. 1988. The cyst and theca of Gonyaulax verior Sournia (Dinophyceae) and their implication for the systematics of the genus Gonyaulax. Japanese Journal of Phycology 36: 311–320.
   Google Scholar
• Medlin L., Elwood H.J., Stickel S. & Sogin M.L. 1988. The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rRNA-coding regions. Gene 71: 491–499. DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(88)90066-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertens K.N. & Carbonell-Moore M.C. 2018. Introduction to Spiniferites Mantell 1850. Palynology 42 (No. S1): 1–9. DOI: 10.1080/01916122.2018.1465741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertens K.N., Dale B., Ellegaard M., Jansson I., Godhe A., Kremp A. & Louwye S. 2011. Process length variation in cysts of the dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum, from surface sediments of the Baltic–Kattegat–Skagerrak estuarine system: a regional salinity proxy. Boreas 40: 242–255. DOI: 10.1111/bor.2011.40.issue-2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertens K.N., Takano Y., Gu H., Bagheri S., Pospelova V., Pieńkowski A.J., Leroy S. & Matsuoka K. 2018. Cyst-theca relationship and phylogenetic position of Impagidinium caspienense incubated from Caspian Sea surface sediments: relation to Gonyaulax baltica and evidence for heterospory within Gonyaulacoid dinoflagellates. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 64: 829–842. DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12417.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meunier A. 1919. Microplankton de la mer Flamande. III. Les Péridiniens. Le Musée royal d’histoire naturelle de Belgique, Mémoires 8: 3–116.
   Google Scholar
• Orlova T.Y., Morozova T.V., Gribble K.E., Kulis D.M. & Anderson D.M. 2004. Dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments from the east coast of Russia. Botanica Marina 47: 184–201. DOI: 10.1515/BOT.2004.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Posada D. 2008. jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Molecular Biology and Evolution 25: 1253–1256. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msn083.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pospelova V., Esenkulova S., Johannessen S.C., O’Brien M.C. & MacDonald R.W. 2010. Organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst production, composition and flux from 1996 to 1998 in the central Strait of Georgia (BC, Canada): a sediment trap study. Marine Micropaleontology 75: 17–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.02.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronquist F. & Huelsenbeck J.P. 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saldarriaga J.F., Taylor F.J.R.M., Cavalier-Smith T., Menden-Deuer S. & Keeling P.J. 2004. Molecular data and the evolutionary history of dinoflagellates. European Journal of Protistology 40: 85–111. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2003.11.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salgado P., Fraga S., Rodríguez F., Riobó P. & Bravo I. 2018. Ceratocorys mariaovidiorum sp. nov. (Gonyaulacales), a new dinoflagellate species previously reported as Protoceratium reticulatum. Journal of Phycology 54: 126–137. DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarjeant W.A. & Downie C. 1974. The classification of dinoflagellate cysts above generic level: a discussion and revisions. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany Special Publication 3: 9–32.
   Google Scholar
• Schiller J. 1937. Dinoflagellatae (Peridineae) in monographischer Behandlung. In: Kryptogamen-Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (Ed. by L. Rabenhorst), pp. 1–589. Akademische, Leipzig, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• Silva E. de S. 1962. Some observations on marine dinoflagellate cultures. II. Glenodinium foliaceum Stein and Goniaulax dicantha (Meunier) Schiller. Botanica Marina 3: 75–98.
   Google Scholar
• Sonneman J. & Hill D. 1997. A taxonomic survey of cyst-producing dinoflagellates from recent sediments of Victorian coastal waters, Australia. Botanica Marina 40: 149–178. DOI: 10.1515/botm.1997.40.1-6.149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sournia A. 1973. Catalogue des espèces et taxons infraspécifiques de dinoflagellés marins actuels publiés depuis la révision de J. Schiller. I. Dinoflagellés libres. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 48: 1–92.
   Google Scholar
• Stamatakis A. 2006. RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22: 2688–2690. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steidinger K.A. & Tangen K. 1996. Dinoflagellates. In: Identifying marine diatoms and dinoflagellates (Ed. by E.R. Tomas), pp. 387–598. Academic Press, San Diego, California, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Takano Y. & Horiguchi T. 2006. Acquiring scanning electron microscopical, light microscopical and multiple gene sequence data from a single dinoflagellate cell. Journal of Phycology 42: 251–256. DOI: 10.1111/jpy.2006.42.issue-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura K., Stecher G., Peterson D., Filipski A. & Kumar S. 2013. MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 2725–2729. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mst197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wall D. & Dale B. 1968. Modern dinoflagellate cysts and evolution of the Peridiniales. Micropaleontology 14: 265–304. DOI: 10.2307/1484690.
   Google Scholar
• Wall D., Dale B. & Harada K. 1973. Description of new fossil dinoflagellates from the Late Quaternary of the Black Sea. Micropaleontology 21: 18–31. DOI: 10.2307/1484962.
   Google Scholar
• Wang N., Mertens K.N., Krock B., Luo Z., Derrien A., Pospelova V., Liang Y., Bilien G., Smith K.F., De Schepper S. et al. 2019. Cryptic speciation in Protoceratium reticulatum (Dinophyceae): evidence from morphological, molecular and ecophysiological data. Harmful Algae 88: 101610. DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.05.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood E.F. 1954. Dinoflagellates in the Australian region. Marine and Freshwater Research 5: 171–352. DOI: 10.1071/MF9540171.
   Google Scholar
• Zonneveld K.A.F. & Dale B. 1994. The cyst-motile stage relationships of Protoperidinium monospinum (Paulsen) Zonneveld et Dale comb. nov. and Gonyaulax verior (Dinophyta, Dinophyceae) from the Oslo Fjord (Norway). Phycologia 33: 359–368. DOI: 10.2216/i0031-8884-33-5-359.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar