Publication Cover
Population Studies
A Journal of Demography
Volume 55, 2001 - Issue 3
114
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Excess mortality of girls in the Middle East in the 1970s and 1980s: Patterns, correlates and gaps in research

Pages 291-308 | Published online: 09 Dec 2010

References

  • Zou'bi, Abdallah Abdel Aziz, Sri Peodjastoeti, and Mohamed Ayad. 1992. Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 1990. Columbia, MD: IRD/Macro International, Inc.
  • Ahmad, Omar B., Allan D. Lopez, and Mie Inoue. 2000. "The decline in child mortality: a reappraisal", Bulletin of the World Health Organization 78(10): 1175-1191.
  • Ahmed, W., F. Beheiri, H. El-Drini, O. D. Manala and A. Bulbul. 1981. "Female infant in Egypt: mortality and childcare", Population Sciences 2: 25-39.
  • Akin, John S., Richard E. Bilsborrow, David K. Guilkey, and Barry M.Popkin.1986."Breast-feeding patterns and determinants in Jordan", Population Bulletin of ECWA Jun(28): 5- 41.
  • Aloui, Touhami, Mohamed Ayad, Habib Fourati. 1989. Enquête Démographique et de Santé en Tunisie. Columbia, MD: Institute for Resource Development/Westinghouse
  • Anokute, C. C. 1988. "Infant feeding in King Khalid University Hospital", Journal of the Royal Society of Health 108(6): 199-200.
  • Arnold, Fred. 1992. "Sex preference and its demographic and health implications",International Family Planning Perspectives 18(3): 93-101.
  • Azelmet, Mustapha, Mohamed Ayad, and Houcine Belhachmi. 1989. Enquête Nationale sur la Planification Familiale, La Fécondité et la Santé de la Population au Maroc (ENPS) 1987. Columbia,MD:Institute for Resource Development/ Westinghouse.
  • Basu, Aleka Malwade. 1989. "Is discrimination in food really necessary for explaining sex differential in child mortality?", Population Studies 43(2): 193-210.
  • Bhuiya, Abbas, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Stan D'Souza, L. Near, Kashem Shaikh. 1987. "Measles case fatality among under-fives: A multivariate analysis of risk factors in a rural area of Bangladesh", Social Science and Medicine 24(5): 439-443.
  • Caldwell, John C. 1986. "Routes to low mortality in poor countries", Population and Development Review 12(2): 171-220.
  • Central Statistical Organization. 1994. Yemen Demographic and Maternal and Child Health Survey 1991/1992. Calverton, MD: Macro International, Inc.
  • Coale, Ansley J. 1991. "Excess female mortality and the balance of the sexes in the population: an estimate of the number of 'missing females'", Population and Development Review 17(3): 517-523.
  • Das Gupta, Monica and Li Shuzhuo. 1999. "Gender bias in China, South Korea, and India 1920-1990: effects of war, famine, and fertility decline", Development and Change 30: 619-652.
  • Das Gupta, Monica. n.d.. "Missing Girls" in China, South Korea, and India: Causes and Policy Implications. Cambridge: Harvard Centre for Population and Development Studies.
  • Deeb, Mary E. 1987. "Household structure as related to childhood mortality and morbidity among low income areas in Amman". PhD Thesis. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International.
  • Doan, R. M. and L. Bisharat. 1990. "Female autonomy and child nutritional status: the extended-family residential unit in Amman, Jordan", Social Science and Medicine 31(7): 783-789.
  • D'Souza, Stan and Lincoln Chen. 1980. "Sex differentials in mortality in a rural area of Bangladesh", Population and Development Review 6(2): 257-270.
  • El-Badry, M. A. 1969. "Higher female than male mortality in some countries of South Asia: a digest", Journal of the American Statistical Association 64(328): 1234-1244.
  • El-Mougi M, A. Headway, M. H. Gomez, A. el-Abhor, A. Amery, I. Sober, R. M. Haney, and M. el-Shafer. 1991. "Patterns of diarrhoea diseases at a university hospital in Cairo: a 7-year experience", Journal of Tropical Paediatrics 37(2): 85-86.
  • El-Zanaty, Fatma H., Hussein A. A. Sayed, Hassan H. M. Zaky, and Ann A. Way. 1993. Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 1992. Calverton, MD: Macro International, Inc.
  • El-Zanaty, Fatma H., Hussein A. A. Sayed, Gihan A. Shawky, Ann A. Way, and Sunita Kishor. 1996. Egypt Demographic and Health Survey 1995.Calverton,MD:Macro International, Inc.
  • Fauveau, Vincent, Michael A. Koenig, and Bogdan Wojtyniak. 1991. "Excess female deaths among rural Bangladeshi children: an examination of cause-specific mortality and morbidity", International Journal of Epidemiology 20(3): 729-735.
  • Hill, Kenneth and Dawn J. Upchurch. 1995. "Evidence of gender differences in child health from the demographic and health surveys", Population and Development Review 21(1): 127-151.
  • Jain, Anrudh K. and John Bongaarts. 1981. "Breastfeeding: patterns, correlates, and fertility effects", Studies in Family Planning 12(3): 79-99.
  • Koenig, Michael A. and Stan D'Souza. 1986. "Sex differences in childhood mortality in rural Bangladesh", Social Science and Medicine 22(1): 15-22.
  • Lane, Sandra D. 1992. "Gender and health in rural Egyptian households", in I. Seraglio, and R. Davis (eds.), Towards More Efficacy in Women's Health and Child Survival Strategies. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Department of Population Dynamics, pp. 147-167.
  • Lane, Sandra D. and A. I. Meleis. 1991. "Roles, work, health perceptions, and health resources of women: a study in an Egyptian Delta hamlet", Social Science and Medicine 33(10): 1197-1208.
  • Langsten, Ray L. 1981. "The effects of crises on differential mortality by sex in Bangladesh", The Bangladesh Development Studies 9(2): 75-96.
  • Langsten, Ray and Kenneth Hill. 1994a. "Diarrhoeal disease, oral rehydration, and childhood mortality in Rural Egypt", Journal of Tropical Paediatrics 40(Oct): 272-278.
  • Langsten, Ray and Kenneth Hill. 1994b. "The effect of physician training on treatment of respiratory infections: evidence from Rural Egypt", Health Transition Review 4: 167-182.
  • Langsten, Ray and Kenneth Hill. 1995. "Treatment of childhood diarrhoea in Rural Egypt", Social Science and Medicine 40(7): 989-1001.
  • Langsten, Ray and Kenneth Hill. 1996. Two Governorate Linkages Survey for Assessing the Achievements of the Egypt Child Survival Project: Comprehensive Report on the First Round ofData Collection.Unpublished manuscript, American University in Cairo Social Research Centre.
  • Loza, Sarah F. 1985. "Infant mortality in Egypt", Studies in African and Asian Demography 13.
  • Mahmood, D. A. and R. G. Feachem. 1987. "Feeding and nutritional status among infants in Basrah City, Iraq: a cross-sectional study", Human Nutrition 41C(5): 373-381.
  • Makinson, Carolyn. 1985. Age and sex differences in treatment of childhood diarrhoeal episodes in rural Menoufia. Unpublished manuscript, American University in Cairo Social Research Centre.
  • Makinson, Carolyn. 1986. 'Sex Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality in Egypt'. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
  • Miller, Barbara D. 1981. The Endangered Sex: Neglect of Female Children in Rural North India. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Mother and Child Health and Family Planning. 1994. Turkish Demographic and Health Survey 1993. Calverton, MD: Macro International, Inc.
  • Morsy, Soheir A. 1993. Gender, Sickness, and Healing in Rural Egypt. Boulder, CO: West View Press.
  • Nasser, Shafika, N. Nosier, S. Riyadh, A. Negate, N. Nasser, and Norbert Hirschhorn. 1988. "The clinical epidemiology of acute diarrhoea disease in Egyptian children", Journal of Tropical Paediatrics 34(4): 150-157.
  • Obermeyer, Carla M. 1992. "Islam, women, and politics: the demography of Arab countries", Population and Development Review 18(1): 33-60.
  • Obermeyer, Carla M. and Rosario Cardenas. 1997. "Son preference and differential treatment in Morocco and Tunisia", Studies in Family Planning 28(3): 235-244.
  • Pande, Rohini. 1999. Grant a Girl Elsewhere, Here Grant a Boy: Gender and Health Outcomes among Rural Indian Children. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University.
  • Preston, Samuel H. 1976. Mortality Patterns in National Populations: With Specific Reference to Recorded Causes of Death. New York: Academy Press.
  • Rutstein, Shea O. 1984. "Infant and child mortality: levels, trends and demographic differentials", World Fertility Survey - Comparative Studies 43: 7-78.
  • Sabir, N. I. and G. J. Abraham. 1984. "Are daughters more at risk than sons in some societies?", Journal of Tropical Paediatrics 30(4): 237-239.
  • Schoenbaum, Michael M. A., Theodore H. Tulchinsky, and Yehia Abed. 1995. "Gender differences in nutritional status and feeding patterns among infants in the Gaza Strip", American Journal of Public Health 85(7): 965-969.
  • Sommerfelt, Elizabeth A. and Fred Arnold. 1996. "Under nutrition among boys and girls", in Too Young to Die: Genes or Gender? (ESA/P/WP.126). New York. Department of Economic and Social Affairs,Population Division, pp. 177-202.
  • Sommerfelt, Elizabeth A. and Fred Arnold. 1998. "Under nutrition among boys and girls", in Too Young to Die: Genes or Gender? New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, pp. 133-153.
  • Tabutin, Dominique. 1991. "La surmortalité feminine en Afrique du Nord de 1965 à nos jours: aspects descriptifs", Population 46: 833-854.
  • Tabutin, Dominique and Michel Willems. 1993, September. "La surmontalité des petites filles dans le monde des années 1970 aux années 1980", Paper presented at the International Population Conference, Montreal, Canada.
  • Tabutin, Dominique and Michel Willems. 1995. "Excess female child mortality in the developing world during the 1970s and 1980s", Population Bulletin of the United Nations 39: 45-79.
  • Tekce, Belgin. 1990. "Households, resources, and child health in a self-help settlement in Cairo, Egypt", Social Science and Medicine 30(8): 929-940.
  • Tekce, Belgin and Fred Shorter. 1984. "Determinants of child mortality: a study of squatter settlements in Jordan", Population and Development Review 10(Suppl 1): 257-280.
  • Timaeus, Ian, Katie Harris, and Francesca Fairbairn. 1996. "Can use of health care explain sex differentials in child mortality in the developing world?", in Too Young to Die: Genes or Gender? New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, pp. 203-234.
  • Timaeus, Ian, Katie Harris, and Francesca Fairbairn. 1998. "Can use of health care explain sex differentials in child mortality in the developing world?", in Too Young to Die: Genes or Gender? New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, pp. 154-178.
  • United Nations Children's Fund. 1990. Sociocultural Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Diarrhoeal Disease in Rural Upper Egypt. An Ethnographic Study in Six Villages. Dokki: The United Nations Children's Fund Egypt Office.
  • United Nations Development Programme. 2000. Human Development Report 2000.9 October 2000. <http://www.undp.org/hdr2000/english/HDR2000.html>.
  • United Nations Secretariat. 1996. "Levels and trends of sex differentials in infant, child and under-five mortality", in Too Young to Die: Genes or Gender? (ESA/P/WP.126). New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, pp. 117-149.
  • United Nations Secretariat. 1998. "Levels and trends of sex differentials in infant, child and under-five mortality", in Too Young to Die: Genes or Gender? New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, pp. 84-108.
  • United Nations Statistics Division. 1973. The Demographic Yearbook. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office, United Nations.
  • United Nations Statistics Division. 1977. The Demographic Yearbook. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office, United Nations.
  • United Nations Statistics Division. 1983. The Demographic Yearbook. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office, United Nations.
  • United Nations Statistics Division. 1987. The Demographic Yearbook. New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office, United Nations.
  • United Nations Statistics Division. 2000. The World's Women 2000:Trends Statistics.9 October 2000. <http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/ww2000/>.
  • U.S. Census Bureau, International Database. Downloaded 6 July, 2001. <http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html> Downloaded 6 July, 2001.
  • Waldron, Ingrid. 1987. "Patterns and causes of excess female mortality among children in developing countries", World Health Statistics Quarterly 40: 194-210.
  • Warner, Justin T. 2000. "Reliability of indices of weight and height in assessment of nutritional state in children", The Lancet 356(18): 1703- 704.
  • World Bank. Human Development Report 2000. Washington, DC: World Bank.
  • Wyon, J. B., and J. E. Gordon. 1971. The Khanna Study: Population problems in the rural Punjab. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Yount, Kathryn M. 1999. Persistent Inequalities: Women's Status and Gender Differentials in the Treatment of Sick Boys and Girls. A Case Study of Minia, Eygpt. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University.
  • Yount, Kathryn M., Paul J. Rathouz, and Kenneth Hill. 1996. "The dynamics of gender-inequality: trends in gender-specific mortality among children in Egypt, Jordan, and Tunisia, 1970-1990", Proceedings from the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population Arab Regional Conference on Population and Development, December 8-12, Cairo.
  • Yount, Kathryn M. 2001. "Provider bias in the treatment of diarrhea among boys and girls attending public facilities in Minia, Egypt." Manuscript submitted for publication.
  • Zou'bi, Abdallah Abdel Aziz, Sri Peodjastoeti, and Mohamed Ayad. 1992. Jordan Population and Family Health Survey 1990. Columbia, MD: IRD/Macro International, Inc.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.