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HIP AND LEG PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN Core Curriculum Symposium #10 (Orthopedics)

Rotational problems of the lower extremity

, MD
Pages 161-167 | Published online: 07 Jul 2016

References

  • Engel GM, Staheli LT: The natural history of torsion and other factors influencing gait in childhood: A study of the angle of gait, tibial torsion, knee angle, hip rotation, and development of the arch in normal children. Clin Orthop 99:12–17, 1974
  • Staheli LT, Engel GM: Tibial torsion: A method of assessment and a study of normal children. Clin Oithop 86:183–186, 1972
  • Swanson AB, Greene PW Jr, Allis HD: Rotational deformities of the lower extremity in children and their clinical significance. Clin Orthop 27:157, 1963
  • Dunlap K, et al: A new method for determination of torsion of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg 35A:289, 1953
  • Fabry G, MacEwen GD, Shands AR Jr: Torsion of the femur: A follow-up study in normal and abnormal conditions. J Bone Joint Surg 55A:1726–1738, 1973
  • McSweeny A: A study of femoral torsion in children. J Bone Joint Surg 53B:90–95, 1971

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