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ABNORMAL LABOR

Early detection of abnormal labor

Using the Friedman labor graph

Pages 189-196 | Published online: 07 Jul 2016

References

  • Friedman EA, Niswander KR, Sachtleben MR. Dysfunctional labor. XI. Neurologic and developmental effects on surviving infants. Obstet Gynecol 1969; 33: 785–91
  • Friedman EA, Sachtleben MR. Station of the fetal presenting part. VI. Arrest of descent in nulliparas. Obstet Gynecol 1976; 47: 129–36
  • Broman SH, Nichols PL, Remedy WA. Preschool IQ: prenatal and early development correlates. New York: John Wiley, 1975
  • Friedman EA, Niswander KR, Sachtleben MR, et al. Dysfunctional labor. X. Immediate results on infant. Obstet Gynecol 1969; 33: 776–84
  • Philpott RH, Castle WM. Cervicographs in the management of labour in primigravidae. II. The action line and treatment of abnormal labour. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1972; 79: 599–602
  • Friedman EA. Labor: clinical evaluation and management. 2nd ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1978
  • Hendricks CH, Bremer WE, Kraus G. Normal cervical dilatation pattern in late pregnancy and labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1970; 106: 1065–82
  • Friedman EA, Sachtleben MR, Bresky PA. Dysfunctional labor. XII. Long-term effects on infant. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977; 127: 779–83
  • Philpott RH, Castle WM. Cervicographs in the management of labour in primigravidae. I. The alert line for detecting abnormal labour. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw 1972; 79: 592–8

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