References
- Beem MO, Saxon EM. Respiratory-tract colonization and a distinctive pneumonia syndrome in infants infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. N Engl J Med 1977: 296: 306–10
- Tack KJ, Peterson PK, Rasp FL, et al. Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis from the lower respiratory tract of adults. Lancet 1980; 1: 116–20
- Fraser DW, Tsai TR, Orenstein W, et al. Legionnaires' disease: description of an epidemic of pneumonia. N Engl J Med 1977; 297: 1189–97
- Kirby BD, Snyder KM, Meyer RD, et al. Legionnaires' disease: clinical features of 24 cases. Ann Intern Med 1978; 89: 297–309
- Fay D, Baird IM, Aguirre A, et al. Unrecognized Legionnaires' disease as a cause of fatal illness. JAMA 1980: 243: 2311–3
- Mycrowitz RL, Pasculle AW. Dowling JN, et al. Opportunistic lung infection due to ‘Pittsburgh pneumonia agent’ N Engl J Med 1979: 301: 953–8
- Rogers BH, Donowitz GR, Walker GK, et al. Opportunistic pneumonia: a clinicopathological study of five cases caused by an unidentified acid-fast bacterium. N Engl J Med 1979; 301: 959–61
- Hébert GA, Thomason BM, Harris PP. et al. ‘Pittsburgh pneumonia agent’: a bacterium phenotypically similar to Legionella pneumophila and identical to the TATLOCK bacterium. Ann Intern Med 1980: 92: 53–4
- Dorff GJ, Rytel MW. Farmer SG, et al. Etiologies and characteristic features of pneumonias In a municipal hospital. Am J Med Sci 1973; 266: 349–58
- Garb JL, Brown RB, Gazb JR, et al. Differences in etiology of pneumonias in nursing home and community patients. JAMA 1978; 240: 2169–72
- Fuzench-López F, Ramlrez-Ronda CH. Pharyngeal flora in ambulatory alcoholic patients: prevalence of gram-negative bacilli. Arch Intern Med 1978; 138: 1815–6
- Valenti WM, Trudell RG, Bentley DW. Factors predisposing to oropharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacilli in the aged. N Engl J Med 1978: 298: 1108–11
- Helms CM, Viner JP, Sturm RH, et al. Comparative features of pneumococcal, mycoplasmal, and Legionnaires' disease pneumonias. Ann Intern Med 1979; 90: 543–7
- Murray PR, Washington JA. Microscopic and bacteriologic analysis of expectorated sputum. Mayo Clinic Proc 1975; 50: 339–44
- Geckler RW, Gremillion DH, McAllister CK, et al. Microscopic and bacteriological comparison of paired sputa and transtracheal aspirates. J Clin Microbiol 1977; 6: 396–9
- Heineman HS, Chawla JK, Lofton WM. Misinformation from sputum cultures without microscopic examination. J Clin Microbiol 1977; 6: 518–27
- Rein MF, Gwaltney JM Jr. O'Brien WM, et al. Accuracy of Gram's stain In identifying pneumococci in sputum. JAMA 1978; 239: 2671–3
- Barrett-Connor E. The nonvalue of sputum culture in the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1971: 103: 845–8
- Thorsteinsson SB, Musher DM, Fagan T. The diagnostic value of sputum culture in acute pneumonia. JAMA 1975: 233: 894–5
- Tempest B, Morgan R, Davidson M, et al. The value of respiratory tract bacteriology in pneumococcal pneumonia among Navajo Indians. Am Rev Respir Dis 1974: 109: 577–8
- Drew WL. Value of sputum culture in diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. J Clin Microbiol 1977; 6: 62–5
- Kalinske RW, Parker RH, Brandt D, et al. Diagnostic usefulness and safety of transtracheal aspiration. N Engl J Med 1967: 276: 604–8
- Spencer CD, Beaty HN. Complications of transtracheal aspiration. N Engl J Med 1972; 286: 304–6
- Unger KM, Moser KM. Fatal complication of transtracheal aspiration. Arch Intern Med 1973; 132: 437–9
- Rein MF, Mandell GL. Bacterial killing by bacteriostatic saline solutions—potential for diagnostic error. N Engl J Med 1973: 289: 794–5
- Bartlett JG, Alexander J, Mayhew J, et al. Should fiber optic bronchoscopy aspirates be cultured? Am Rev Respir Dis 1976: 114: 73–8
- Fossieck BE Jr, Parker RH, Cohen MH, et al. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and culture of bacteria from the lower respiratory tract Chest 1977: 72: 5–9
- Wimberley N, Faling LJ, Bartlett JG. A fiberoptic bronchoscopy technique to obtain uncontaminated lower airway secretions for bacterial culture. Am Rev Respir Dis 1979; 119: 337–43
- Hayes DA, McCarthy LC, Friedman M. Evaluation of two bronchofiberscopic methods of culturing the lower respiratory tract. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980: 122: 319–23
- Feldman NT, Pennington JE, Ehrie MG. Transbronchial lung biopsy in the compromised host. JAMA 1977: 238: 1377–9
- Matthay RA, Farmer WC, Odero D. Diagnostic fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the immunocompromised host with pulmonary infiltrates. Thorax 1977: 32: 539–45
- Bandt PD, Blank N, Castellino RA. Needle diagnosis of pneumonitis: value in high-risk patients. JAMA 1972: 220: 1578–80
- Davidson M, Tempest B, Palmer DL. Bacteriologic diagnosis of acute pneumonia: comparison of sputum transtracheal aspirates and lung aspirates. JAMA 1976: 235: 158–63
- Polmer DL, Davidson M, Lusk R. Needle aspiration of the lung in complex pneumonias. Chest 1980; 78: 16–21
- Singer C, Armstrong D, Rosen PP, et al. Diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients: prospective study of 80 cases. Am J Med 1979: 66: 110–20