Low Apgar scores and birth asphyxia

References

• Apgar V. Proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant. Anesth Analg 1953: 32: 260–5
   Google Scholar
• Donald I. Birth adaptation from intrauterine to extrauterine life. In: Holland E, Bourne A, eds. British obstetric practice. London: William Heinemann Medical Books, 1959: 72
   Google Scholar
• US Department of Health and Hainan Services. International classification of diseases. Rev 9. Bethesda: Dept of Health and Human Services, 1980: 693: DHHS publication No. 80–1260
   Google Scholar
• Addy DR. Birth asphyxia. Br Med J (Clin Res) 1982: 284(May): 1288–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Takashima S, Becker LE. Prenatal and postnatal maturation of medullary “respiratory centers.” Brain Res 1986: 391(2): 173–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tejani N, Mann LI, Bhakthavathsalan A. Correlation of fetal heart rate patterns and fetal pH with neonatal outcome. Obstet Gynecol 1976: 48(4): 460–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sykes GS, Molloy PM, Johnson P, et al Do Apgar scores indicate asphyxia? Lancet 1982: 1(8270): 494–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perkins RP. Perspectives on perinatal brain damage. Obstet Gynecol 1987: 69(5): 807–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand MM, Bignami A. The effects of chronic hypoxia on the neonatal and infantile brain: a neuro-pathological study of five premature infants with the respiratory distress syndrome treated by prolonged artificial ventilation. Brain 1969: 92(2): 233–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Towbin A. Cerebral dysfunction related to perinatal organic damage: clinical-neuropathologic correlations. J Abnorm Psychol 1978: 87(6): 617–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goetzman BW, Lindenberg JA, Ellis W. Documentation of prenatal brain injury. Pediatr Res 1984: 18(4): 323A
   Google Scholar
• Paris JE, Collins GH, Kim RC. Prenatal symmetrical thalamic degeneration with flexion spasticity at birth. Ann Neurol 1983: 13(1): 94–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brazy JE, Kinney HC, Oakes WJ. Central nervous system structural lesions causing apnea at birth. J Pediatr 1987: 111(2): 163–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang SS, Corbett DP, Brough AJ, et al Upper cervical myelopathy in achondroplasia. Am J Clin Pathol 1977: 68(1): 68–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauli RM, Gilbert EF. Upper cervical cord compression as cause of death in osteogenesis imperfecta type II. J Pediatr 1986: 108(4): 579–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luse SA, Teitelbaum S. Congenital glioma of brain stem. Arch Neurol 1968: 18(2): 196–201
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paste FG, Snyder DE, Price A. Congenital spongioblastoma of the pons. Am J Clin Pathol 1967: 47(6): 790–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrick MK. Strefling DM, Urich H. Intrauterine multisystem atrophy in siblings: a new genetic syndrome? Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1983: 61(1): 65–70
   Google Scholar
• Janota I. Neurocranial dystrophy in the neonate. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1979: 46(2): 151–4
   Google Scholar
• Giacoia GR Hale JE. X-linked neonatal myotubular myopathy. South Med J 1984: 77(9): 1182–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyllerman M. Infantile spinal muscular atrophy (Möbius-Werdnig-Hoffmann) causing neonatal asphyxia. Neuropediatrics 1977: 8(1): 53–6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldenberg RL, Huddleston JF, Nelson KG. Apgar scores and umbilical arterial pH in preterm newborn infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984: 149(6): 651–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catlin EA, Carpenter MW, Brann BS 4th, et al. The Apgar score revisited: influence of gestational age. J Pediatr 1986: 109(5): 865–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guilleminault C, McQuitty J, Ariagno RL, et al. Congenital central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome in six infants. Pediatrics 1982: 70(5): 684–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman JM, ed. Prenatal and perinatal causes of neurologic dysfunction. Washington, DC: US Print Off, 1985 Apr; NIH publication No. 85–1149
   Google Scholar
• Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. Apgar scores as predictors of chronic neurologic disability. Pediatrics 1981: 68(1): 36–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paneth N, Fox HE. The relationship of Apgar score to neurologic handicap: a survey of clinicians. Obstet Gynecol 1983: 61(5): 547–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Use and abuse of the Apgar score. Pediatrics 1986: 78(6): 1148–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osborne JP, Murphy EG, Hill A. Thin ribs on chest X-ray: a useful sign In the differential diagnosis of the floppy newborn. Dev Med Child Neurol 1983: 25(3): 343–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giacoia GP. Imaging case of the month: Werdnig-Hoffmann disease. Am J Perinatal 1987: 4(3): 271–2
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delprado WJ, Baird PJ. The fetal adrenal gland: lipid distribution with associated intrauterine hypoxia. Pathology 1984: 16(1): 25–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen HJ, Diner H. The significance of developmental dental enamel defects in neurological diagnosis. Pediatrics 1970: 46(5): 737–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dar H, Jaffe M. Dermatoglyphic and palmarcrease alterations as Indicators of early intrauterine insult in mental retardation. Dev Med Child Neurol 1983: 25(1): 53–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emery JL. Evidence from bone growth that most of the Infants dying in the neonatal period had been ill before birth. Acta Paediatr Scand (Suppl) 1967: 172: 55–9
   Google Scholar
• Ong BY, Ellison PH, Browning C. Intrauterine stroke in the neonate. Arch Neurol 1983: 40(1): 55–6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jackson JC, Blumhagen JD. Congenital hydrocephalus due to prenatal intracranial hemorrhage. Pediatrics 1983: 72(3): 344–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sander CH. The surgical pathologist examines the placenta. Pathol Annu 1987: 20(2): 235–88
   Google Scholar
• Sims ME, Turkel SB, Halterman G, et al Brain injury and intrauterine death. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985: 151(6): 721–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar