Syncope in elderly patients

References

• Lipsitz LA, Wei JY, Rowe JW. Syncope in an elderly, institutionalised population: prevalence, incidence, and associated risk. Q J Med 1985: 55(216): 45–54
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kapoor W, Snustad D, Peterson J, et al. Syncope in the elderly. Am J Med 1986: 80(3): 419–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverstein MD, Singer DE, Mulley AG, et al. Patients with syncope admitted to medical intensive care units. JAMA 1982: 248(10): 1185–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny RA, Ingram A, Bayliss J, et al. Head-up tilt: a useful test for investigating unexplained syncope. Lancet 1986: 1(8494): 1352–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minaker KL, Meneilly GS, Rowe JW. Endocrine systems. In: Finch CE, Schneider EL, eds. Handbook of the biology of aging. 2d ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985: 433–56
   Google Scholar
• Tsunoda K, Abe K, Goto T, et al. Effect of age on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normal subjects: simultaneous measurement of active and inactive renin, renin substrate, and aldosterone in plasma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986: 62(2): 384–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weidmann P, De Myttenaere-Bursztein S, Maxwell MH, et al. Effect of aging on plasma renin and aldosterone in normal man. Kidney Int 1975: 8(5): 325–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheinberg P, Blackburn I, Saslaw RM. Effects of aging on cerebral circulation and metabolism. Arch Neurol Psychiatr 1953: 70: 77–85
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wieling W, Karemaker JF, Borst C, et al. Testing for autonomic neuropathy: heart rate response to forced breathing. Clin Physiol 1985: 5(Suppl 5): 28–33
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shannon RP, Wei JY, Rosa RM, et al. The effect of age and sodium depletion on cardiovascular response to orthostasis. Hypertension 1986: 8(5): 438–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kronenberg RS, Drage CW. Attenuation of the ventilatory and heart rate responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia with aging in normal men. J Clin Invest 1973: 52(8): 1812–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kino M, Lance VQ, Shahamatpour A, et al. Effects of age on responses to isometric exercise. Am Heart J 1975: 90(5): 575–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith JJ, Hughes CV, Ptacin MJ, et al. The effect of age on hemodynamic response to graded postural stress in normal men. J Gerontol 1987: 42(4): 406–11
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fagan TC, Sawyer PR, Gourley LA, et al. Postprandial alterations in hemodynamics and blood pressure in normal subjects. Am J Cardiol 1986: 58(7): 636–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipsitz LA, Pluchino FC, Wei JY, et al. Cardiovascular and norepinephrine responses after meal consumption in elderly (older than 75 years) persons with postprandial hypotension and syncope. Am J Cardiol 1986: 58(9): 810–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipsitz LA, Nyquist RP Jr, Wei JY, et al. Postprandial reduction in blood pressure in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1983: 309(2): 81–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gribbin B, Pickering TG, Sleight P, et al. Effect of age and high blood pressure on baroreflex sensitivity in man. Circ Res 1971: 29(4): 424–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craig IH. Emergency differentiation of vasovagal syncope from Stokes-Adams attack. Am J Cardiol 1984: 54(8): 1155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugrue DD, Wood DL, McGoon MD. Carotid sinus hypersensitivity and syncope. Mayo Clin Proc 1984: 59(9): 637–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugrue DD, Gersh BJ, Holmes DR Jr, et al. Symptomatic “isolated” carotid sinus hypersensitivity: natural history and results of treatment with anticholinergic drugs or pacemaker. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986: 7(l): 158–62
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hartzler GO, Maloney JD. Cardioinhibitory carotid sinus hypersensitivity. Arch Intern Med 1977: 137(6): 727–31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lipsitz LA. Syncope in the elderly. Ann Intern Med 1983: 99(1): 92–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapoor WN, Peterson JR, Karpf M. Micturition syncope: a reappraisal. JAMA 1985: 253(6): 796–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher CM. Syncope of obscure nature. Can J Neurol Sci 1979: 6(1): 7–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayer AJ, Chadha JS, Farag RR, et al. Changing presentation of myocardial infarction with increasing old age. J Am Geriatr Soc 1986: 34(4): 263–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen RW, Penterman BJ, van Lier HJ, et al. Blood pressure reduction after oral glucose loading and its relation to age, blood pressure and insulin. Am J Cardiol 1987: 60(13): 1087–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonekat HW, Miles RM, Staats BA. Smoking and cough syncope: follow-up in 45 cases. Int J Addict 1987: 22(5): 413–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharpey-Schaefer EP. The mechanism of syncope after coughing. BMJ 1953: 2(Oct): 860–4
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Glasser SP, Clark PI, Applebaum HJ. Occurrence of frequent complex arrhythmias detected by ambulatory monitoring: findings in an apparently healthy asymptomatic elderly population. Chest 1979: 75(5): 565–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camm AJ, Evans KE, Ward DE, et al. The rhythm of the heart in active elderly subjects. Am Heart J 1980: 99(5): 598–603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuchar DL, Thorburn CW, Sammel NL. The role of signal averaged electrocardiography in the investigation of unselected patients with syncope. Aust NZ J Med 1985: 15(6): 697–703
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kuchar DL, Thorburn CW, Sammel NL. Signal-averaged electrocardiogram for evaluation of recurrent syncope. Am J Cardiol 1986: 58(10): 949–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gang ES, Peter T, Rosenthal ME, et al. Detection of late potentials on the surface electrocardiogram in unexplained syncope. Am J Cardiol 1986: 58(10): 1014–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winters SL, Stewart D, Gomes JA. Signal averaging of the surface QRS complex predicts inducibility of ventricular tachycardia in patients with syncope of unknown origin: a prospective study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987: 10(4): 775–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doherty JU, Pembrook-Rogers D, Grogan EW, et al. Electrophysiologic evaluation and follow-up characteristics of patients with recurrent unexplained syncope and presyncope. Am J Cardiol 1985: 55(6): 703–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denes P, Uretz E, Ezri MD, et al. Clinical predictors of electrophysiologic findings in patients with syncope of unknown origin. Arch Intern Med 1988: 148(9): 1922–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gulamhusein S, Naccarelli GV, Ko PT, et al. Value and limitations of clinical electrophysiologic study in assessment of patients with unexplained syncope. Am J Med 1982: 73(5): 700–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kowey PR, Friehling TD. Uses and limitations of electrophysiology studies for the selection of antiarrhythmic therapy. PACE 1986: 9(2): 231–47
   Google Scholar
• Linzer M. Syncope. South Med J 1987: 80(5): 545–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen MY, Goldenberg IF, Milstein S, et al. Cardiac electrophysiologic and hemodynamic correlates of neurally mediated syncope. Am J Cardiol 1989: 63(1): 66–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeger FJ, Fouad-Tarazi FM, Abi-Samra F, et al. Transdermal scopolamine for the treatment of vasovagal syncope. (Abstr) Clin Res 1987: 35(6): 832A
   Google Scholar