Pleural effusion

References

• Light RW. Pleural diseases. 2d ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1990
   Google Scholar
• Staub NC, Wiener-Kronish JP, Albertine KH, et al. Transport through the pleura: physiology of normal liquid and solute exchange in the pleural space. In: Chretien J, Bignon J, Hirsch A, eds. Lung biology in health and disease. Vol 30. The pleura in health and disease. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1985: 169–93
   Google Scholar
• Sahn SA. State of the art: the pleura. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988: 138(1): 184–234
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Light RW. Disorders of the pleura. In: Murray JF, Nadel JA, eds. Textbook of respiratory medicine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1988: 1703–18
   Google Scholar
• Brown NE, Zamel N, Aberman A. Changes in pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange following thoracocentesis. Chest 1978: 74(5): 540–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estenne M, Yernault JC, De Troyer A. Mechanism of relief of dyspnea after thoracocentesis in patients with large pleural effusions. Am J Med 1983: 74(5): 813–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karetzky MS, Kothari GA, Fourre JA, et al. Effect of thoracentesis on arterial oxygen tension. Respiration 1978: 36(2): 96–103
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felson B. Chest roentgenology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1973: 350–79
   Google Scholar
• Light RW. Pleural effusions. Med Clin North Am 1977: 61(6): 1339–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins TR, Sahn SA. Thoracocentesis: clinical value, complications, technical problems, and patient experience. Chest 1987: 91(6): 817–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahn SA. Pleural fluid analysis: narrowing the differential diagnosis. Semin Respir Med 1987: 9(1): 22–9
   Google Scholar
• George RB. Sputum and pleural fluid examination, immunologic testing, bronchoscopy, and biopsy procedures. In: George RB, Light RW, Mathay MA, et al, eds. Chest medicine: essentials of pulmonary and critical care medicine. 2d ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1990: 147
   Google Scholar
• Stogner SW Campbell GD, Paulson WD, et al. Diagnostic value of the white blood cell count in pleural effusions. (Abstr) Chest 1991: 100(Suppl): 395
   Google Scholar
• Light RW, Erozan YS, Ball WC Jr. Cells in pleural fluid: their value in differential diagnosis. Arch Intern Med 1973: 132(6): 854–60
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yam LT. Diagnostic significance of lymphocytes in pleural effusions. Ann Intern Med 1967: 66(5): 972–82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spriggs Al, Boddington MM. The cytology of effusions: pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal and of cerebrospinal fluid. 2d ed. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1968
   Google Scholar
• Mattison SB. Monosymptomatic exudative pleurisy in persons exposed to asbestos dust. Scand J Respir Dis 1975: 56(5): 263–72
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Adelman M, Albelda SM, Gottlieb J, et al. Diagnostic utility of pleural fluid eosinophilia. Am J Med 1984: 77(5): 915–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Light RW, Macgregor MI, Luchsinger PC, et al. Pleural effusions: the diagnostic separation of transudates and exudates. Ann Intern Med 1972: 77(4): 507–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillay VK. Total proteins in serous fluids in cardiac failure. S Afr Med J 1965: 39(Feb 13): 142–3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shinto RA, Light RW. Effects of diuresis on the characteristics of pleural fluid in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Med 1990: 88(3): 230–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth BJ, O'Meara TF, Cragun WH. The serum-effusion albumin gradient in the evaluation of pleural effusions. Chest 1990: 98(3): 546–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kramer MR, Saldana MJ, Cepero RJ, et al. High amylase levels in neoplasm-related pleural effusion. Ann Intern Med 1989: 110(7): 567–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller KS, Wooten S, Sahn SA. Urinothorax: a cause of low pH transudative pleural effusions. Am J Med 1988: 85(3): 448–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Good JT Jr, King TE, Antony VB, et al. Lupus pleuritis: clinical features and pleural fluid characteristics with special reference to pleural fluid antinuclear antibodies. Chest 1983: 84(6): 714–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taryle DA, Potts DE, Sahn SA. The incidence and clinical correlates of parapneumonic effusions in pneumococcal pneumonia. Chest 1978: 74(2): 170–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Light RW, Girard WM, Jenkinson SG, et al. Parapneumonic effusions. Am J Med 1980: 69(4): 507–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger HA, Morganroth ML. Immediate drainage is not required for all patients with complicated parapneumonic effusions. Chest 1990: 97(3): 731–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chernow B, Sahn SA. Carcinomatous involvement of the pleura: an analysis of 96 patients. Am J Med 1977: 63(5): 695–702
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker DA, Dines DE, Payne WS, et al. The significance of a cytologically negative pleural effusion in bronchogenic carcinoma. Chest 1978: 74(6): 640–2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahn SA. Malignant pleural effusions. Clin Chest Med 1985: 6(1): 113–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hausheer FH, Yarbro JW. Diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural effusion. Semin Oncol 1985: 12(1): 54–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarbro JW, moderator. Round table discussion: clinical advances in the management of malignant pleural effusion. J Crit Ill 1988: Suppl(Oct): 7–10
   Google Scholar
• Ruckdeschel JC, Moores D, Lee JY, et al. Intrapleural therapy for malignant pleural effusions: a randomized comparison of bleomycin and tetracycline. Chest 1991: 100: 1528–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Little AG, Kadowaki MH, Ferguson MK, et al. Pleuro-peritoneal shunting: alternative therapy for pleural effusions. Ann Surg 1988: 208(4): 443–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tzeng E, Ferguson MK. Predicting failure following shunting of pleural effusions. Chest 1990: 98(4): 890–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar