4
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Acute myocardial infarction

An updated protocol for thrombolytic therapy

Pages 209-232 | Published online: 17 May 2016

References

  • Midgette AS, O'Connor GT, Baron JA, et al. Effect of intravenous streptokinase on early mortality in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis by anatomic location of infarction. Ann Intern Med 1990;113: 961–8 [erratum, Ann Intern Med 1991: 114(6): 522]
  • Schröder R, Neuhaus KL, Leizorovicz A, et al. A prospective placebo-controlled double-blind multicenter trial of intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (ISAM): long-term mortality and morbidity. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987: 9: 197–203
  • TIMI Study Group. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial. Phase I findings. N Engl J Med 1985: 312: 932–6
  • The I.S.A.M. Study Group. A prospective trial of intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (I.S.A.M.): mortality, morbidity, and infarct size at 21 days. N Engl J Med 1986: 314: 1465–71
  • Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI). Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1986: 1: 397–402
  • ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet 1988: 2: 349–60
  • White HD, Norris RM, Brown MA, et al. Effect of intravenous streptokinase on left ventricular function and early survival after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1987: 317: 850–5
  • Van de Werf F, Arnold AE. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and size of infarct, left ventricular function, and survival in acute myocardial infarction. BMJ 1988: 297: 1374–9
  • Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Soprawivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico. GISSI-II: a factorial randomised trial of alteplase versus streptokinase and heparin versus no heparin among 12,490 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 1990: 336: 65–71
  • American Heart Association. 1987 heart facts. Dallas: American Heart Association, 1987
  • DeWood MA, Spores J, Notske R, et al. Prevalence of total coronary occlusion during the early hours of transmural myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1980: 303: 897–902
  • Doorey AJ, Michelson EL, Weber FJ, et al. Thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction: emerging challenges of implementation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987: 10: 1357–60
  • Cragg DR, Bonema JD, Ramos RG, et al. Ineligibility for intravenous thrombolytic therapy predicts high mortality after acute myocardial infarction. (Abstr) Circulation 1989: 80: II522
  • Althouse R, Maynard C, Cerqueira MD, et al. The Western Washington Myocardial Infarction Registry and Emergency Department Tissue Plasminogen Activator Treatment Trial. Am J Cardiol 1990: 66: 1298–303
  • Lee TH, Weisberg MC, Brand DA, et al. Candidates for thrombolysis among emergency room patients with acute chest pain: potential true- and false-positive rates. Ann Intern Med 1989: 110: 957–62
  • Schröder R, Neuhaus KL, Linderer T, et al. Risk of death from recurrent ischemic events after intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction: results from the Intravenous Streptokinase in Myocardial Infarction (ISAM) Study. Circulation 1987: 76: II44–51
  • Murray N, Lyons J, Layton C, et al. What proportion of patients with myocardial infarction are suitable for thrombolysis? Br Heart J 1987: 57: 144–7
  • Muller DW, Topol EJ. Selection of patients with acute myocardial infarction for thrombolytic therapy. Ann Intern Med 1990: 113: 949–60
  • Hlatky MA, Cotugno H, O'Connor C, et al. Adoption of thrombolytic therapy in the management of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1988: 61: 510–4
  • Kennedy JW, Weaver WD. Potential use of thrombolytic therapy before hospitalization. Am J Cardiol 1989: 64: 8–11A
  • Pressley JC, Wilson BH, Severance HW Jr, et al. Basic emergency medical care of patients with acute myocardial infarction: initial prehospital characteristics and in-hospital complications. J Am Coll Cardiol 1984: 4: 487–92
  • Clark LT, Bellam VS, Feldman JG. Determinants of prehospital delay in inner city patients with symptoms of acute myocardial infarction. (Abstr) Circulation 1989: 80: II637
  • Schmidt SB, Borsch MA. The prehospital phase of acute myocardial infarction in the era of thrombolysis. Am J Cardiol 1990: 65: 1411–5
  • Sharkey SW, Brunette DD, Ruiz E, et al. An analysis of time delays preceding thrombolysis for myocardial infarction. (Abstr) JAMA 1989: 262: 3171–4
  • Kereiakes DJ, Weaver WD, Anderson JL, et al. Time delays in the diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction: a tale of eight cities. Report from the Pre-hospital Study Group and the Cincinnati Heart Project. Am Heart J 1990: 120: 773–80
  • Weaver WD, Eisenberg MS, Martin JS, et al. Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Project—Phase I: patient characteristics and feasibility of prehospital initiation of thrombolytic therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990: 15: 925–31
  • Wilcox RG, van der Lippe G, Olsson CG, et al. Trial of tissue plasminogen activator for mortality reduction in acute myocardial infarction: Anglo-Scandinavian Study of Early Thrombolysis (ASSET). Lancet 1988: 2: 525–30
  • Califf EM, Ross AM. Controversies in cardiology: advanced age, late presentation, or ST segment depression should not contraindicate the use of thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. Presented before 39th Annual Scientific Session, American College of Cardiology. New Orleans: 1990 Mar
  • Sherry S, Marder VJ. Mistaken guidelines for thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction in the elderly. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991: 17: 1237–8
  • Gunnar RM, Passamani ER, Bourdillon PD, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990: 16: 249–92
  • Faxon DP. The risk of reperfusion strategies in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988: 12: 52–7A
  • Brott T, Thalinger K, Hertzberg V. Hypertension as a risk factor for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 1986: 17: 1078–83
  • Nagel EL, Fine EG, Krischer JP, et al. Complications of CPR. Crit Care Med 1981: 9: 424
  • Haugeberg G, Bonarjee V, Dickstein K. Fatal intrathoracic haemorrhage after cardiopulmonary resuscitation and treatment with streptokinase and heparin. Br Heart J 1989: 62: 157–8
  • Califf RM, Topol EJ, Kereiakes DJ, et al. Cardiac resuscitation should not be a contraindication to thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. (Abstr) Circulation 1988: 78: II127
  • Rothbaum DA, Linnemeier TJ, Landin RJ, et al. Emergency percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction, a 3 year experience. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987: 10: 264–72
  • Kahn JK, Rutherford BD, McConahay DR, et al. Results of primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990: 16: 1089–96
  • US Hospital Drug and Diagnosis Audit. Thrombolytic market. Phoenix: Hospital Data Services, 1988
  • Kleiman NS, Berman DA, Gaston WR, et al. Early intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafts. Am J Cardiol 1989: 63: 102–4
  • Rentrop KP, Driesman M, Karsch KR, et al. Non-surgical recanalization of early and late bypass occlusion. (Abstr) Circulation 1981: 64: IV246
  • Kavanaugh KM, Topol EJ. Acute intervention during myocardial infarction in patients with prior coronary bypass surgery. Am J Cardiol 1990: 65: 924–6
  • Kahn JK, Rutherford BD, McConahay DR, et al. Usefulness of angioplasty during acute myocardial infraction in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol 1990: 65: 698–702
  • Mauri F, Gasparini M, Barbonaglia L, et al. Prognostic significance of the extent of myocardial injury in acute myocardial infarction treated by streptokinase (the GISSI tria1). Am J Cardiol 1989: 63: 1291–5
  • AIMS Trial Study Group. Effect of intravenous APSAC on mortality after acute myocardial infarction: preliminary report of placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet 1988: 1: 545–9
  • Bates ER. Reperfusion therapy in inferior myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988: 12: 44–51A
  • Schuler G, Hofmann M, Schwarz F, et al. Effect of successful thrombolytic therapy on right ventricular function in acute inferior wall myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1984: 54: 951–7
  • Califf RM, Parsons WJ, Tcheng JE, et al. Baseline function, not time to treatment is most closely associated with LV function during the first week after thrombolytic therapy. (Abstr) Circulation 1988: 78: II213
  • DeWood MA, Notske RN, Hensley GR, et al. Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation with and without reperfusion for myocardial infarction shock. Circulation 1980: 61: 1105–12
  • Lee L, Bates ER, Pitt B, et al. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty improves survival in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. Circulation 1988: 78: 1345–51
  • Funkekupper AJ, Verheight FW. Effect of RTPA on LV thrombus morphology. (Abstr) Circulation 1989: 80: II345
  • Maggioni AP, Farina ML, Franzosi MG. Stroke in the GISSI trial. (Abstr) Circulation 1989: 80: 11350
  • TIMI Study Group. Comparison of invasive and conservative strategies after treatment with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction (TIMI) phase II trial. N Engl J Med 1989: 320: 618–27
  • Yusuf S, Collins R, Peto R, et al. Intravenous and intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: overview of results on mortality, reinfarction and side-effects from 33 randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J 1985: 6: 556–85
  • Topol EJ, Ellis SG, Wall TC, et al. Does late reperfusion for myocardial infarction improve left ventricular function? Preliminary results of TAMI-6 randomized, controlled trial. (Abstr) J Am Coll Cardiol 1991: 17: 45A
  • Brown BG. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction IIIA Trial results and discussion. Presented before 40th Annual Scientific Session, American College of Cardiology. Atlanta: 1991 Mar 5
  • Lawler CM, Bovill EG, Stump DC, et al. Fibrin fragment D-dimer and fibrinogen B beta peptides in plasma as markers of clot lysis during thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. Blood 1990: 78: 1341–8
  • Yusuf S, Collins R, MacMahon S, et al. Effect of intravenous nitrates on mortality in acute myocardial infarction: an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 1988: 1: 1088–92
  • Ross AM, Hsia J, Hamilton W, et al. Heparin vs. aspirin after recombinant tissue plasminogen activator therapy in acute myocardial infarction: a randomized trial. (Abstr) J Am Coll Cardiol 1990: 15: 64
  • Topol EJ, George BS. A multicenter randomized trial of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator with early intravenous heparin in acute myocardial infarction (TAMI-III). (Abstr) J Am Coll Cardiol 1988: 11: 232A
  • Bleich SD, Nichols T, Schumacher R, et al. The role of heparin following coronary thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator. (Abstr) Circulation 1989: 80: 113
  • Kander NH, Holland KJ, Pitt B, et al. A randomized pilot trial of brief versus prolonged heparin after successful reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1990: 65: 139–42
  • ISIS-3 presentation before 40th Annual Scientific Session, American College of Cardiology. Adanta: 1991 Mar 5
  • Neuhaus KL, Tebbe U, Gottwik M, et al. Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and urokinase in acute myocardial infarction: results of the German Activator Urokinase Study (GAUS). J Am Coll Cardiol 1988: 12: 81–7
  • Topol EJ, Califf RM, George BS, et al. Coronary artery thrombolysis with combined infusion of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1988: 77: 1100–7

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.