References
- Kannel WB, Belanger AJ. Epidemiology of heart failure. Am Heart J 1991: 121(3 Pt 1): 951–7
- Schocken DD, Arrieta MI, Leaverton PE, et al. Prevalence and mortality rate of congestive heart failure in the United States. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20(2): 301–6
- The SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325(5): 293–302
- Bittner V, Rogers WJ, Weiner DH, et al, for the SOLVD Registry Investigators. The six minute walk test predicts morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation (Suppl II) 1991; 84(4): 6
- Parmley WW. Pathophysiology and current therapy of congestive heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 13(4): 771–85
- Cohn JN, Levine TB, Olivari MT, et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. N EnglJ Med 1984: 311(13): 819–23
- Packer M. The neurohormonal hypothesis: a theory to explain the mechanism of disease progression in heart failure. (Editorial) J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20(1): 248–54
- Katz AM. Changing strategies in the management of heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 13(3): 513–23
- Armstrong PW, Moe GW. Medical advances in the treatment of congestive heart failure. Circulation 1993; 88(6): 2941–52
- Packer M, Gheorghiade M, Young JB, et al, for the RADIANCE Study. Withdrawal of digoxin from patients with chronic heart failure treated with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors. N Engl J Med 1993; 329(1): 1–7
- Uretsky BF, Young JB, Shahidi FE, et al, on behalf of the PROVED Investigative Group. Randomized study assessing the effect of digoxin withdrawal in patients with mild to moderate chronic congestive heart failure: results of the PROVED trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22(4): 955–62
- Goldberg LI. The role of dopamine receptors in the treatment of congestive heart failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1989; 14(Suppl 5): S19–27
- Unverferth DV, Magorien RD, Lewis RP, et al. Long-term benefit of dobutamine in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J 1980; 100(5): 622–30
- Feldman AM, Bristow MR, Parmley WW, et al, for the Vesnarinone Study Group. Effects of vesnarinone on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1993: 329(3): 149–55
- Whelton A. An overview of national patterns and preferences in diuretic selection. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57(2): 1–53A
- Cohn JN, Johnson G, Ziesche S, et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazineisosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325(5): 303–10
- The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1987; 316(23): 1429–35
- Jessup M. Beta-adrenergic blockade in congestive heart failure: answering the old questions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 18(4): 1067–9
- Garg R, Yusuf S. Current and ongoing randomized trials in heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993: 22(4 Suppl A): 194–7A
- Corral CH, Vaughn CC. Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation: an eleven-year review and analysis of determinants of survival. Tex Heart Inst J 1986; 13(1): 39–44
- Frazier OH, Rose EA, Macmanus Q, et al. Multicenter clinical evaluation of the HeartMate 1000 IP left ventricular assist device. Ann Thorac Surg 1992; 53(6): 1080–90
- Bocchi EA, Moreira LF, de Moraes AV, et al. Effects of dynamic cardiomyoplasty on regional wall motion, ejection fraction, and geometry of left ventricle. Circulation 1992; 86 (Suppl II): II231–5
- Kaye MP. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: tenth official report— 1993. J Heart Lung Transplant 1993; 12(4): 541–8
- Stevenson WG, Stevenson LW, Middlekauff HR, et al. Sudden death prevention in patients with advanced ventricular dysfunction. Circulation 1993; 88(6): 2953–61
- Gosselink AT, Crijns HJ, Van Gelder IC, et al. Low-dose amiodarone for maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter. JAMA 1992; 267(24): 3289–93
- Chadda K, Goldstein S, Byington R, et al. Effect of propranolol after acute myocardial infarction in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1986; 73(3): 503–10
- Hochleitner M, Hö rtnagl H, Ng CK, et al. Usefulness of physiologic dual-chamber pacing in drug-resistant idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol 1990; 66(2): 198–202