Historical perspective and contemporary management of acute coronary syndromes: from MONA to THROMBINS₂

References

• Conti CR. The evolution of management of acute coronary syndromes (unstable angina and non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction): Part l. Clin Cardiol 2008;31:143–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrick JB. CLinical features of sudden obstruction of the coronary arteries. J Am Med Assoc 1912;LIX:2015–22
   Google Scholar
• Sikri N, Bardia A. A history of streptokinase use in acute myocardial infarction. Tex Heart Inst J 2007;34:318–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabello JB, Burls A, Emparanza JI, Bayliss S, Quinn T. Oxygen therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;8:Cd007160
   Google Scholar
• Guidelines 2000 for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. part 7: the era of reperfusion: section 2: acute stroke. the American heart association in collaboration with the international liaison committee on resuscitation. Circulation 2000;102:I204–16
   Google Scholar
• Ford ES, Ajani UA, Croft JB, Critchley JA, Labarthe DR, Kottke TE, et al. Explaining the decrease in U.S. deaths from coronary disease, 1980-2000. N Engl J Med 2007;356:2388–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, Benjamin EJ, Berry JD, Blaha MJ, et al. Executive summary: heart disease and stroke statistics–2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2014;129:399–410
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vreede JJ, Gorgels AP, Verstraaten GM, Vermeer F, Dassen WR, Wellens HJ. Did prognosis after acute myocardial infarction change during the past 30 years? A meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:698–706
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nauta ST, Deckers JW, Akkerhuis M, Lenzen M, Simoons ML, van Domburg RT. Changes in clinical profile, treatment, and mortality in patients hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction between 1985 and 2008. PLoS One 2011;6:e26917
   Google Scholar
• Hamm CW, Bassand J-P, Agewall S, Bax J, Boersma E, Bueno H, et al. ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2011;32:2999–3054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moor F. Intravenous morphine in coronary thrombosis. Lancet 1930;216:959–60
   Google Scholar
• Bruce TA, Bing RJ. Clinical management of myocardial infarction. JAMA 1965;191:124–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moradkhan R, Sinoway LI. Revisiting the role of oxygen therapy in cardiac patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;56:1013–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maroko PR, Radvany P, Braunwald E, Hale SL. Reduction of infarct size by oxygen inhalation following acute coronary occlusion. Circulation 1975;52:360–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rawles JM, Kenmure AC. Controlled trial of oxygen in uncomplicated myocardial infarction. Br Med J 1976;1:1121–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith ER, Redwood DR, McCarron WE, Epstein SE. Coronary artery occlusion in the conscious dog. Effects of alterations in arterial pressure produced by nitroglycerin, hemorrhage, and alpha-adrenergic agonists on the degree of myocardial ischemia. Circulation 1973;47:51–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gold HK, Leinbach RC, Sanders CA. Use of sublingual nitroglycerin in congestive failure following acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1972;46:839–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gunnar RM, Bourdillon PD, Dixon DW, Fuster V, Karp RB, Kennedy JW, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the early management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. A report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic cardiovascular procedures (subcommittee to develop guidelines for the early management of patients with acute myocardial infarction). Circulation 1990;82:664–707
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jackson EA, Sivasubramian R, Spencer FA, Yarzebski J, Lessard D, Gore JM, et al. Changes over time in the use of aspirin in patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (1975 to 1997): A population-based perspective. Am Heart J 2002;144:259–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Lancet 1988;2:349–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Simoons ML, Chaitman BR, White HD, et al. Third universal definition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:1581–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, Bridges CR, Califf RM, Casey DEJr, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines (writing committee to revise the 2002 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction) developed in collaboration with the American college of emergency physicians, the society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, and the society of thoracic surgeons endorsed by the american association of cardiovascular and pulmonary rehabilitation and the society for academic emergency medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:e1–e157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright RS, Anderson JL, Adams CD, Bridges CR, Casey DEJr, Ettinger SM, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American college of cardiology foundation/American heart association task force on practice guidelines developed in collaboration with the American academy of family physicians, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, and the society of thoracic surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;57:e215–367
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, Bridges CR, Califf RM, Casey DEJr, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American college of cardiology foundation/American heart association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation 2013;127:e663–828
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, Casey DE, Ganiats TG, Holmes DR, et al. 2014;AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndromesa report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:e139–228
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• O’Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, Casey DEJr, Chung MK, de Lemos JA, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary: a report of the American college of cardiology foundation/American heart association task force on practice guidelines. Circulation 2013;127:529–55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granger CB, Goldberg RJ, Dabbous O, Pieper KS, Eagle KA, Cannon CP, et al. Predictors of hospital mortality in the global registry of acute coronary events. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2345–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, McCabe CH, Horacek T, Papuchis G, et al. The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI: A method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making. JAMA 2000;284:835–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boersma E, Pieper KS, Steyerberg EW, Wilcox RG, Chang WC, Lee KL, et al. Predictors of outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation. Results from an international trial of 9461 patients. The PURSUIT Investigators. Circulation 2000;101:2557–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freemantle N, Cleland J, Young P, Mason J, Harrison J. beta Blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ 1999;318:1730–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatterjee S, Chaudhuri D, Vedanthan R, Fuster V, Ibanez B, Bangalore S, et al. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with acute coronary syndrome–a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Int J Cardiol 2013;168:915–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Reesi A, Al-Zadjali N, Perry J, Fergusson D, Al-Shamsi M, Al-Thagafi M, et al. Do beta-blockers reduce short-term mortality following acute myocardial infarction? A systematic review and meta-analysis. CJEM 2008;10:215–23
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bangalore S, Makani H, Radford M, Thakur K, Toklu B, Katz SD, et al. Clinical outcomes with beta-blockers for myocardial infarction A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med 2014;127:939–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bavry AA, Kumbhani DJ, Rassi AN, Bhatt DL, Askari AT. Benefit of early invasive therapy in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of contemporary randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:1319–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flather MD, Yusuf S, Kober L, Pfeffer M, Hall A, Murray G, et al. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: a systematic overview of data from individual patients. ACE-Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Lancet 2000;355:1575–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vantrimpont P, Rouleau JL, Wun CC, Ciampi A, Klein M, Sussex B, et al. Additive beneficial effects of beta-blockers to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) Study. SAVE Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:229–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusuf S, Zhao F, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, Tognoni G, Fox KK; Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001;345:494–502
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, Montalescot G, Ruzyllo W, Gottlieb S, et al. Prasugrel versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2007;357:2001–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, Cannon CP, Emanuelsson H, Held C, et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1045–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genereux P, Stone GW, Harrington RA, Gibson CM, Steg PG, Brener SJ, et al. Impact of intraprocedural stent thrombosis during percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the CHAMPION PHOENIX Trial (clinical trial comparing cangrelor to clopidogrel standard of care therapy in subjects who require percutaneous coronary intervention). J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:619–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White HD, Bhatt DL, Gibson CM, Hamm CW, Mahaffey KW, Price MJ, et al. Outcomes with cangrelor versus clopidogrel on a background of bivalirudin: insights from the CHAMPION PHOENIX (A clinical trial comparing cangrelor to clopidogrel standard therapy in subjects who require percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]). JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2015;8:424–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mauri L, Kereiakes DJ, Yeh RW, Driscoll-Shempp P, Cutlip DE, Steg PG, et al. Twelve or 30 months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stents. N Engl J Med 2014;371:2155–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilard M, Barragan P, Noryani AA, Noor HA, Majwal T, Hovasse T, et al. 6- versus 24-month dual antiplatelet therapy after implantation of drug-eluting stents in patients nonresistant to aspirin: the randomized, multicenter ITALIC trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;65:777–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spencer FA, Prasad M, Vandvik PO, Chetan D, Zhou Q, Guyatt G. Longer- versus shorter-duration dual-antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent placement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2015;163:118–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andrade-Castellanos CA, Colunga-Lozano LE, Delgado-Figueroa N, Magee K. Heparin versus placebo for non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;6:Cd003462
   Google Scholar
• Stub D, Smith K, Bernard S, Nehme Z, Stephenson M, Bray JE, et al. Air Versus Oxygen in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation 2015;131:2143–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, Berra K, Blankenship JC, Dallas AP, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American college of cardiology foundation/American heart association task force on practice guidelines, and the American college of physicians, American association for thoracic surgery, preventive cardiovascular nurses association, society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions, and society of thoracic surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;60:e44–e164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson RA, Jarvis C, Clayton T, Pocock SJ, Fox KA. 10-year mortality outcome of a routine invasive strategy versus a selective invasive strategy in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: the british heart foundation RITA-3 randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:511–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH, Bairey Merz CN, Lloyd-Jones DM, Blum CB, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: A report of the american college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63:2889–934
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vale N, Nordmann AJ, Schwartz GG, de Lemos J, Colivicchi F, den Hartog F, et al. Statins for acute coronary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;6
   Google Scholar
• Bavry AA, Mood GR, Kumbhani DJ, Borek PP, Askari AT, Bhatt DL. Long-term benefit of statin therapy initiated during hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review of randomized trials. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2007;7:135–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002;324:71–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar