1,123
Views
41
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Features - Review

Interpretation of correlations in clinical research

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 902-906 | Received 25 Jul 2017, Accepted 20 Sep 2017, Published online: 27 Sep 2017

References

  • Miles S, Price GM, Swift L, et al. Statistics teaching in medical school: opinions of practising doctors. BMC Med Educ. 2010;10:75.
  • Altman DG, Gore SM, Gardner MJ, et al. Statistical guidelines for contributors to medical journals. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1983;286(6376):1489–1493.
  • Windish DM, Huot SJ, Green ML. Medicine residents’ understanding of the biostatistics and results in the medical literature. Jama. 2007;298(9):1010–1022.
  • Novack L, Jotkowitz A, Knyazer B, et al. Evidence‐based medicine: assessment of knowledge of basic epidemiological and research methods among medical doctors. Postgrad Med J. 2006;82(974):817–822.
  • Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman D. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials. Jama. 2001;285(15):1987–1991.
  • Vandenbroucke JP. STREGA, STROBE, STARD, SQUIRE, MOOSE, PRISMA, GNOSIS, TREND, ORION, COREQ, QUOROM, REMARK… and CONSORT: for whom does the guideline toll? J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(6):594–596.
  • Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMC Med. 2010;8:18.
  • Matz PG, Meagher RJ, Lamer T, et al. Guideline summary review: an evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. Spine J Offic J North Am Spine Soc. 2016;16(3):439–448.
  • Manchikanti L. Evidence-based medicine, systematic reviews, and guidelines in interventional pain management, part I: introduction and general considerations. Pain Phys. 2008;11(2):161–186.
  • Freedland KE, Babyak MA, McMahon RJ, et al. Statistical guidelines for psychosomatic medicine. Psychosom Med. 2005;67(2):167.
  • Wilkinson L. Statistical methods in psychology journals: guidelines and explanations. Am Psychol. 1999;54(8):594.
  • Armstrong RA, Davies LN, Dunne MC, et al. Statistical guidelines for clinical studies of human vision. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2011;31(2):123–136.
  • Bond GR, Mintz J, McHugo GJ. Statistical guidelines for the archives of PM&R. New Hampshire-Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Center. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76(8):784–787.
  • Morris RW. Does EBM offer the best opportunity yet for teaching medical statistics? Stat Med. 2002;21(7):969-977;discussion 979-981, 983-984.
  • Kraemer HC. Correlation coefficients in medical research: from product moment correlation to the odds ratio. Stat Methods Med Res. 2006;15(6):525–545.
  • Kowalski CJ. On the effects of non-normality on the distribution of the sample product-moment correlation coefficient. Appl Stat. 1972;21(1):1–12.
  • Havlicek LL, Peterson NL. Robustness of the Pearson correlation against violations of assumptions. Percept Mot Skills. 1976;43(3f):1319–1334.
  • Thompson B, Diamond KE, McWilliam R, et al. Evaluating the quality of evidence from correlational research for evidence-based practice. Except Child. 2005;71(2):181–194.
  • Song JW, Chung KC. Observational studies: cohort and case-control studies. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;126(6):2234–2242.
  • Pocock SJ, Hughes MD, Lee RJ. Statistical problems in the reporting of clinical trials. A survey of three medical journals. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(7):426–432.
  • Fisher R. Statistical methods for research workers. Oliver Boyd Ltd Edinburgh. 1925;47:66–70.
  • Miller RG. Simultaneous statistical inference. New York: Springer; 1966.
  • Guadagnoli E, Velicer WF. Relation of sample size to the stability of component patterns. Psychol Bull. 1988;103(2):265–275.
  • Deviren V, Berven S, Kleinstueck F, et al. Predictors of flexibility and pain patterns in thoracolumbar and lumbar idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27(21):2346–2349.
  • Ploumis A, Liu H, Mehbod AA, et al. A correlation of radiographic and functional measurements in adult degenerative scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009;34(15):1581–1584.
  • Schwab FJ, Smith VA, Biserni M, et al. Adult scoliosis: a quantitative radiographic and clinical analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27(4):387–392.
  • Bartolucci AA, Tendera M, Howard G. Meta-analysis of multiple primary prevention trials of cardiovascular events using aspirin. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107(12):1796–1801.
  • Gardner MJ, Altman DG. Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;292(6522):746–750.
  • Kelley K, Preacher KJ. On effect size. Psychol Methods. 2012;17(2):137.
  • Sullivan GM, Feinn R. Using effect size—or why the P value is not enough. J Grad Med Educ. 2012;4(3):279–282.
  • Hopewell S, Loudon K, Clarke MJ, et al. Publication bias in clinical trials due to statistical significance or direction of trial results. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;1:Mr000006.
  • Glassman SD, Bridwell K, Dimar JR, et al. The impact of positive sagittal balance in adult spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(18):2024–2029.
  • Glassman SD, Berven S, Bridwell K, et al. Correlation of radiographic parameters and clinical symptoms in adult scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(6):682–688.
  • Johnson RD, Valore A, Villaminar A, et al. Sagittal balance and pelvic parameters–a paradigm shift in spinal surgery. J Clin Neurosci. 2013;20(2):191–196.
  • Glass TA, Goodman SN, Hernan MA, et al. Causal inference in public health. Annu Rev Public Health. 2013;34:61–75.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.