References
- Vogelmeier CF, Criner GJ, Martinez FJ, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report: GOLD executive summary. Arch Bronconeumol. 2017;53(3):128–149.
- Winther JA, Brynildsen J, Hoiseth AD, et al. Prevalence and prognostic significance of hyponatremia in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: data from the Akershus Cardiac Examination (ACE) 2 study. PloS one. 2016;11(8):e0161232.
- Cao J, Wang Y, Respiration DO, et al. The relationship between COPD patients complicated with hypocalcemia and respiratory tract infection. Sichuan J Anat. 2014;22(2):42–44.
- Janssens W, Bouillon RF, Claes B, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in COPD and correlates with variants in the vitamin D-binding gene. Thorax. 2010;65(3):215–220.
- Liamis G, Milionis HJ, Elisaf M. A review of drug-induced hypocalcemia. J Bone Miner Metab. 2009;27(6):635–642.
- Restrepo MI, Anzueto A. Guidelines for the diagnoses and treatment of adult lower respiratory tract infections: a true “European cooperative effort”. Eur Respir J. 2005;26:979–981.
- Provost KA, Smith M, Arold SP, et al. Calcium restores the macrophage response to nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2015;52(6):728–737.
- Li X, Bie Z, Zhang Z, et al. Clinical analysis of 64 patients with lung-cancer-associated hypercalcemia. J Cancer Res Ther. 2015;11(Suppl):C275–279.
- Sethi S, Murphy TF. Infection in the pathogenesis and course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(22):2355–2365.
- McKeever TM, Lewis SA, Smit HA, et al. A multivariate analysis of serum nutrient levels and lung function. Respir Res. 2008;9:67.
- Li YY, Liu XF, Y-J X, et al. Basic and clinical research into chronic obstructive pulmonary. Chin Med J (Engl). 2010;123(4):491–497.
- Andersson I, Gronberg A, Slinde F, et al. Vitamin and mineral status in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Respir J. 2007;1(1):23–29.
- French S, Subauste J, Geraci S. Calcium abnormalities in hospitalized patients. South Med J. 2012;105(4):231–237.
- Shaw NJ. A practical approach to hypocalcaemia in children. Endocr Dev. 2015;28:84–100.
- Norval M, Coussens AK, Wilkinson RJ, et al. Vitamin D status and its consequences for health in South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016;13:10.
- Gilbert CR, Arum SM, Smith CM. Vitamin D deficiency and chronic lung disease. Can Respir J. 2009;16(3):75–80.
- Kinoshita Y, Masuoka K, Miyakoshi S, et al. Vitamin D insufficiency underlies unexpected hypocalcemia following high dose glucocorticoid therapy. Bone. 2008;42(1):226–228.
- Buyukkaplan US, Akkaya A, Yildiz M, et al. Mineral status of COPD patients under long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy. J Prosthodont. 2008;17(6):462–467.).
- Tolppanen AM, Williams D, Henderson J, et al. Serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and ionised calcium in relation to lung function and allergen skin tests. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011;65(4):493–500.
- Gao J, Zhang L, Zhang X, et al. Levels of serum procalcitonin and C-reactive protein for evaluating pulmonary bacterial infection in patients with lupus erythematosus. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol Med Sci = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao Yixue Yingdewen ban. 2016;36(5):653–658.
- Tuncay EA, Aksoy E, Salturk C, et al. Can neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio be used as infection marker in COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2016;48(suppl 60):OA1785.
- Tanriverdi H, Ornek T, Erboy F, et al. Comparison of diagnostic values of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio levels in predicting bacterial infection in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2015;127(19–20):756–763.
- Zheng J, Shi Y, Xiong L, et al. The Expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 in respiratory viral infection in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Immunol Res. 2017;2017:8539294.
- TranVan Nhieu G, Clair C, Grompone G, et al. Calcium signalling during cell interactions with bacterial pathogens. Biol Cell. 2004;96(1):93–101.
- Hanley PJ, Musset B, Renigunta V, et al. Extracellular ATP induces oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ and membrane potential and promotes transcription of IL-6 in macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004;101(25):9479–9484.
- Yamamoto S, Shimizu SF, Kiyonaka S, et al. TRPM2-mediated Ca2+influx induces chemokine production in monocytes that aggravates inflammatory neutrophil infiltration. NAT MED. 2008;14(7):738–747.