References
- Achermann Y, Rossle M, Hoffmann M, et al. Prosthetic valve endocarditis and bloodstream infection due to Mycobacterium chimera. J Clin Microbiol. 2013;51(6):1769–1773.
- Sax H, Bloemberg G, Hasse B, et al. Prolonged outbreak of Mycobacterium chimaera infection after open-chest heart surgery. Clinl Infect Dis. 2015;61(1):67–75.
- Kohler P, Kuster SP, Bloemberg G, et al. Healthcare-associated prosthetic heart valve, aortic vascular graft, and disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera infections subsequent to open heart surgery. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(40):2745–2753.
- Sommerstein R, Hasse B, Marschall J, et al. Global Health Estimate of Invasive Mycobacterium chimaera Infections Associated with Heater–cooler Devices in Cardiac Surgery. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(3):576–578.
- Williamson D, Howden B, Stinear T. Mycobacterium chimaera spread from heating and cooling units in heart surgery. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:600–602.
- Perkins KM, Lawsin A, Hasan NA, et al. Notes from the field: mycobacterium chimaera contamination of heater-cooler devices used in cardiac surgery — united States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65:1117–1118.
- [cited 2019 Jul 10]. Available from: https://www.sts.org/media/news-releases/new-information-revealed-infections-related-heater-cooler-devices
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Nontuberculous mycobacterium infections associated with heater- cooler devices: FDA safety communication. October 15, 2015; [cited 2019 Jul 10]. Available from: http://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20170722215713/https://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/ucm466963.htm
- [cited 2019 Jul 10] Available from: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/what-heater-cooler-device/information-health-care-providers-and-staff-health-care-facilities
- Pfyffer GE, Wittwer F. Incubation time of Mycobacterial cultures: how long is long enough to issue a final negative report to the clinician? J Clin Microbiol. 2012 Dec;50(12):4188–4189.
- van Ingen J, Kohl TA, Kranzer K, et al. Global outbreak of severe Mycobacterium chimaera disease after cardiac surgery: a molecular epidemiological study. Lancet. 2017;17(10):1033–1041.
- Sommerstein R, Rüegg C, Kohler P, et al. Transmission of Mycobacterium chimaera from heater–cooler units during cardiac surgery despite an ultraclean air ventilation system. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 June;22(6):1008–1013.
- [cited 2019 Jul 10] Available from: http://vimeo.com/181576554
- CDC notification, May 21, 2019; [cited 2019 Jul 10]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hai/outbreaks/heater-cooler.html
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust. An information letter to cardiac patients. March 21 2017; [cited April 17 2019] Available from: http://www.belfasttrust.hscni.net/about/3022.htm
- Garvey MI, Ashford R, Bradley CW, et al. Decontamination of heater-cooler units associated with contamination by atypical mycobacteria. J Hosp Infect. 2016;93:229–234.
- Allen KB, Yuh DD, Schwartz SB, et al. Nontuberculous Mycobacterium infections associated with heater-cooler devices. Ann Thorac Surg. 2017;104:1237–1242.
- Garvey MI, Bradley CW, Walker J. A year in the life of a contaminated heater-cooler unit with Mycobacterium chimaera? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017;38(6):705–711.
- Moorthy RS, Valluri S, Rao NA. Nontuberculous mycobacterial ocular and adnexal infections. Surv Ophthalmol. 2012;57:202–235.
- CDC. Reported tuberculosis in the United States, 2010. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S> Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, October 2011.
- Zozaya-Valdes E, Porter JL, Coventry J, et al. Target-specific assay for rapid and quantitative detection of Mycobacterium chimaera DNA. J Clin Microbiol. 2017;55(6):1847–1856.
- Alm A. Ocular circulation. In: Hart WM, editor. Adler’s physiology of the eye. St Louis: Mosby–Year Book; 1992. p. 198–227.
- Zweifel SA, Mihic-Probst D, Curcio CA, et al. Clinical and histopathologic ocular findings in disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera infection after cardiothoracic surgery. Ophthalmology. 2017;124:178–188.
- Boni C, Al-Sheikh M, Hasse B, et al. Multimodal imaging of choroidal lesions in disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera infection after cardiothoracic surgery. Retina. 2019;39:452–464.
- Chand M, Lamagni T, Kranzer K, et al. Insidious risk of severe Mycobacterium chimaera infection in cardiac surgery patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64:335–342.
- Trudzinski FC, Schlotthauer U, Kamp A, et al. Clinical implications of Mycobacteria chimaera detection in thermoregulatory devices used for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Germany, 2015 to 2016. Eurosurveillance. 2016;21(46):30398.