The 'attended alone' and 'attended with' signs in the assessment of cognitive impairment: a revalidation

References

• Larner AJ. Neurological signs of possible diagnostic value in the cognitive disorders clinic. Pract Neurol. 2014;14:332–335.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghadiri-Sani M, Larner AJ. Head turning sign. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2019;49:323–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonello M, Larner AJ. Applause sign: screening utility for dementia and cognitive impairment. Postgrad Med. 2016;128:250–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larner AJ. Who came with you? ” A diagnostic observation in patients with memory problems? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005;76:1739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larner AJ. “Attended alone” sign: validity and reliability for the exclusion of dementia. Age Ageing. 2009;38:476–478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larner AJ. Screening utility of the “attended alone” sign for subjective memory impairment. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2014;28:364–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abernethy Holland AJ, Larner AJ. Effects of gender on two clinical signs (attended alone and head turning) of use in the diagnosis of cognitive complaints. J Neurol Sci. 2013;333:e295–6.
   Google Scholar
• Larner AJ. Dementia in clinical practice: a neurological perspective. Pragmatic studies in the cognitive function clinic. 3rd ed. London: Springer; 2018. p. 58–60.
   Google Scholar
• Soysal P, Usarel C, Ispirli G, et al. Attended with and head-turning sign can be clinical markers of cognitive impairment in older adults. Int Psychogeriatr. 2017;29:1763–1769.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson JC, Larner AJ. Attended with and head-turning sign can be clinical markers of cognitive impairment in older adults. Int Psychogeriatr. 2018;30:1569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isik AT, Soysal P, Kaya D, et al. Triple test, a diagnostic observation, can detect cognitive impairment in older adults. Psychogeriatrics. 2018;18:98–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larner AJ. Response to Triple test, a diagnostic observation, can detect cognitive impairment in older adults. Psychogeriatrics. 2019;19:407–408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koc Okudur S, Dokuzlar O, Kaya D, et al. Triple test plus rapid cognitive screening test: a combination of clinical signs and a tool for cognitive assessment in older adults. Diagnostics (Basel). 2019;9:E97.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tyson BT, Cabrera L, Scriven E, et al. The diagnostic utility of the “attended alone” sign for dementia in patients presenting for neuropsychological evaluation. J Neuroinflamm Neurodegener Dis. 2019;3(1):100010.
   Google Scholar
• Bharambe V, Larner AJ. Functional cognitive disorders: demographic and clinical features contribute to a positive diagnosis. Neurodegener Dis Manag. 2018;8:377–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuber M, Blackburn DJ, Elsey C, et al. An interactional profile to assist the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative and functional memory disorders. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2018;32:197–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellajosyula R. Clinical approach and classification of dementia syndromes. In: Mukherjee A, editor. IAN textbook of neurology. New Delhi: Jaypee; 2018. p. 515–521.
   Google Scholar
• Tubridy N. Just one more question. Stories from a life in neurology.  London: Penguin Ireland; 2019. p. 34, 267.
   Google Scholar
• Larner AJ. Evaluating cognitive screening instruments with the “likelihood to be diagnosed or misdiagnosed” measure. Int J Clin Pract. 2019;73:e13265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larner AJ. New unitary metrics for dementia test accuracy studies. Prog Neurol Psychiatry. 2019;23(3):21–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larner AJ. Number needed to diagnose, predict, or misdiagnose: useful metrics for non-canonical signs of cognitive status? Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2018;8:321–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larner AJ. Manual of screeners for dementia: pragmatic test accuracy studies. London: Springer; 2020. (in press).
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. ( DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association: Washington, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Stokin GB, Krell-Roesch J, Petersen RC, et al. Mild neurocognitive disorder: an old wine in a new bottle. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2015;23:368–376.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noel-Storr AH, McCleery JM, Richard E, et al. Reporting standards for studies of diagnostic test accuracy in dementia: the STARDdem initiative. Neurology. 2014;83:364–373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richard E, Schmand BA, Eikelenboom P, et al. The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. MRI and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for predicting progression to Alzheimer’s disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a diagnostic accuracy study. BMJ Open. 2013;3:e002541.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaeschke R, Guyatt G, Sackett DL. Users’ guide to the medical literature. III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. B. What are the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? JAMA. 1994;271:703–707.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitchell AJ. Sensitivity x PPV is a recognized test called the clinical utility index (CUI+). Eur J Epidemiol. 2011;26:251–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habibzadeh F, Yadollahie M. Number needed to misdiagnose: a measure of diagnostic test effectiveness. Epidemiology. 2013;24:170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojtowicz A, Larner AJ. Diagnostic test accuracy of cognitive screeners in older people. Prog Neurol Psychiatry. 2017;21(1):17–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larner AJ. Mini-Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (MACE): a useful cognitive screening instrument in older people? Can Geriatr J. 2020;23. In press.
   Google Scholar
• McWhirter L, Ritchie C, Stone J, et al. Functional cognitive disorders: a systematic review. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:191–207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williamson J, Larner AJ. Young-onset cognitive decline: not always variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Eur J Neurol. 2016;23(Suppl1): 368. abstract P21049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larner AJ. Diagnostic test accuracy studies in dementia: a pragmatic approach. 2nd ed. London: Springer; 2019.
   Google Scholar