Penile Sparing Techniques For Penile Cancer

References

• Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69(1):7–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maddineni SB, Lau MM, Sangar VK. Identifying the needs of penile cancer sufferers: a systematic review of the quality of life, psychosexual and psychosocial literature in penile cancer. BMC Urol. 2009;9:8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hakenberg OW, Compérat E, Minhas S, et al. EAU guidelines on penile cancer. June 3, 2020]; Available from: https://uroweb.org/guidelines/compilations-of-all-guidelines/.
   Google Scholar
• Network NCC Penile Cancer (1.2020). June 1, 2020]; Available from: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/penile.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bossio JA, Pukall CF, Steele SS. Examining penile sensitivity in neonatally circumcised and intact men using quantitative sensory testing. J Urol. 2016;195(6):1848–1853.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horenblas S, van Tinteren H. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. IV. Prognostic factors of survival: analysis of tumor, nodes and metastasis classification system. J Urol. 1994;151(5):1239–1243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray F, Ferlay J, Laversanne M, et al. Cancer Incidence in Five Continents: inclusion criteria, highlights from Volume X and the global status of cancer registration. Int J Cancer. 2015;137(9):2060–2071.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglawi A, Masterson TA. Penile cancer epidemiology and risk factors: a contemporary review. Curr Opin Urol. 2019;29(2):145–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baumgarten A, Chipollini J, Yan S, et al. Penile Sparing Surgery for Penile Cancer: A Multicenter International Retrospective Cohort. J Urol. 2018;199(5):1233–1237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoen EJ, Oehrli M, Colby C, et al. The highly protective effect of newborn circumcision against invasive penile cancer. Pediatrics. 2000;105(3):E36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoen EJ. Neonatal circumcision and penile cancer. Evidence that circumcision is protective is overwhelming. BMJ. 1996;313(7048):46. author reply 47.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bleeker MC, Heideman DA, Snijders PJ, et al. Penile cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. World J Urol. 2009;27(2):141–150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archier E, Devaux S, Castela E, et al. Carcinogenic risks of psoralen UV-A therapy and narrowband UV-B therapy in chronic plaque psoriasis: a systematic literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2012;26(Suppl 3):22–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCance DJ, Kalache A, Ashdown K, et al. Human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 in carcinomas of the penis from Brazil. Int J Cancer. 1986;37(1):55–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backes DM, Kurman RJ, Pimenta JM, et al. Systematic review of human papillomavirus prevalence in invasive penile cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(4):449–457.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moch H, Cubilla AL, Humphrey PA, et al. The 2016 WHO Classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs-part A: renal, Penile, and testicular tumours. Eur Urol. 2016;70(1):93–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ficarra V, Akduman B, Bouchot O, et al. Prognostic factors in penile cancer. Urology. 2010;76(2 Suppl 1):S66–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Attalla K, Paulucci DJ, Blum K, et al. Demographic and socioeconomic predictors of treatment delays, pathologic stage, and survival among patients with penile cancer: A report from the national cancer database. Urol Oncol. 2018;36(1). 14 e17-14 e24.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucky MA, Rogers B, Parr NJ. Referrals into a dedicated British penile cancer centre and sources of possible delay. Sex Transm Infect. 2009;85(7):527–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeppner E, Andersson SO, Johansson JE, et al. Initial symptoms and delay in patients with penile carcinoma. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2012;46(5):319–325.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cubilla AL, Velazquez EF, Amin MB, et al. The World Health Organisation 2016 classification of penile carcinomas: a review and update from the International Society of Urological Pathology expert-driven recommendations. Histopathology. 2018;72(6):893–904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaux A, Torres J, Pfannl R, et al. Histologic grade in penile squamous cell carcinoma: visual estimation versus digital measurement of proportions of grades, adverse prognosis with any proportion of grade 3 and correlation of a Gleason-like system with nodal metastasis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33(7):1042–1048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cubilla AL. The role of pathologic prognostic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. World J Urol. 2009;27(2):169–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou X, Qi F, Zhou R, et al. The role of perineural invasion in penile cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Biosci Rep. 2018;38:5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amin M, Edge S, Gree F, et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. New York: Spinger International Publishing; 2017.
   Google Scholar
• Sun M, Djajadiningrat RS, Alnajjar HM, et al. Development and external validation of a prognostic tool for prediction of cancer-specific mortality after complete loco-regional pathological staging for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. BJU Int. 2015;116(5):734–743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Srinivas V, Morse MJ, Herr HW, et al. Penile cancer: relation of extent of nodal metastasis to survival. J Urol. 1987;137(5):880–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velazquez EF, Barreto JE, Rodriguez I, et al. Limitations in the interpretation of biopsies in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol. 2004;12(2):139–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horenblas S, Van Tinteren H, Delemarre JF, et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: accuracy of tumor, nodes and metastasis classification system, and role of lymphangiography, computerized tomography scan and fine needle aspiration cytology. J Urol. 1991;146(5):1279–1283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sosnowski R, Kulpa M, Kosowicz M, et al. Quality of life in penile carcinoma patients - post-total penectomy. Cent European J Urol. 2016;69(2):204–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghahhari J, Marchioni M, Spiess PE, et al. Radical penectomy, a compromise for life: results from the PECAD study. Transl Androl Urol. 2020;9(3):1306–1313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leijte JA, Kirrander P, Antonini N, et al. Recurrence patterns of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: recommendations for follow-up based on a two-centre analysis of 700 patients. Eur Urol. 2008;54(1):161–168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Ancona CA, Botega NJ, De Moraes C, et al. Quality of life after partial penectomy for penile carcinoma. Urology. 1997;50(4):593–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero FR, Romero KR, Mattos MA, et al. Sexual function after partial penectomy for penile cancer. Urology. 2005;66(6):1292–1295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opjordsmoen S, Fossa SD. Quality of life in patients treated for penile cancer. A follow-up study. Br J Urol. 1994;74(5):652–657.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu C, Hequn C, Longfei L, et al. Sexual Function after Partial Penectomy: A Prospectively Study From China. Sci Rep. 2016;6:21862.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen RC, Riley A, Wagner G, et al. The international index of erectile function (IIEF): a multidimensional scale for assessment of erectile dysfunction. Urology. 1997;49(6):822–830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieffer JM, Djajadiningrat RS, van Muilekom EA, et al. Quality of life for patients treated for penile cancer. J Urol. 2014;192(4):1105–1110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sansalone S, Silvani M, Leonardi R, et al. Sexual outcomes after partial penectomy for penile cancer: results from a multi-institutional study. Asian J Androl. 2017;19(1):57–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bullen K, Edwards S, Marke V, et al. Looking past the obvious: experiences of altered masculinity in penile cancer. Psychooncology. 2010;19(9):933–940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minhas S, Kayes O, Hegarty P, et al. What surgical resection margins are required to achieve oncological control in men with primary penile cancer? BJU Int. 2005;96(7):1040–1043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agrawal A, Pai D, Ananthakrishnan N, et al. The histological extent of the local spread of carcinoma of the penis and its therapeutic implications. BJU Int. 2000;85(3):299–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalgo MLPD. Partial Penectomy. In: Smith JJ, Howards SS, Preminger GM, et al., editors. Hinman’s Atlas of Urologic Surgery. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018. p. 928–931.
   Google Scholar
• O’Kane HF, Pahuja A, Ho KJ, et al. Outcome of glansectomy and skin grafting in the management of penile cancer. Adv Urol. 2011;2011:240824.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Philippou P, Shabbir M, Malone P, et al. Conservative surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: resection margins and long-term oncological control. J Urol. 2012;188(3):803–808.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sri D, Sujenthiran A, Lam W, et al. A study into the association between local recurrence rates and surgical resection margins in organ-sparing surgery for penile squamous cell cancer. BJU Int. 2018;122(4):576–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kravvas G, Ge L, Ng J, et al. The management of penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN): clinical and histological features and treatment of 345 patients and a review of the literature. J Dermatolog Treat. 2020;1–16. [epub ahead of print].
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett AL. Penile preserving and reconstructive surgery in the management of penile cancer. Nat Rev Urol. 2016;13(5):249–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chipollini J, Yan S, Ottenhof SR, et al. Surgical management of penile carcinoma in situ: results from an international collaborative study and review of the literature. BJU Int. 2018;121(3):393–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung AK, Barankin B, Leong KF, et al. Penile warts: an update on their evaluation and management. Drugs Context. 2018;7:212563.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Longley DB, Harkin DP, Johnston PG. 5-fluorouracil: mechanisms of action and clinical strategies. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3(5):330–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deen K, Burdon-Jones D. Imiquimod in the treatment of penile intraepithelial neoplasia: an update. Australas J Dermatol. 2017;58(2):86–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alnajjar HM, Lam W, Bolgeri M, et al. Treatment of carcinoma in situ of the glans penis with topical chemotherapy agents. Eur Urol. 2012;62(5):923–928.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bandieramonte G, Colecchia M, Mariani L, et al. Peniscopically controlled CO2 laser excision for conservative treatment of in situ and T1 penile carcinoma: report on 224 patients. Eur Urol. 2008;54(4):875–882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zreik A, Rewhorn M, Vint R, et al. Carbon dioxide laser treatment of penile intraepithelial neoplasia. Surgeon. 2017;15(6):321–324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musi G, Russo A, Conti A, et al. Thulium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Tm: YAG)laser treatment of penile cancer: oncological results, functional outcomes, and quality of life. World J Urol. 2018;36(2):265–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewari M, Kumar M, Shukla HS. Nd:YAGlaser treatment of early stage carcinoma of the penis preserves form and function of penis. Asian J Surg. 2007;30(2):126–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Windahl T, Andersson SO. Combined laser treatment for penile carcinoma: results after long-term followup. J Urol. 2003;169(6):2118–2121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlenker B, Tilki D, Seitz M, et al. Organ-preserving neodymium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser therapy for penile carcinoma: a long-term follow-up. BJU Int. 2010;106(6):786–790.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang DH, Yan S, Ottenhof SR, et al. Laser ablation as monotherapy for penile squamous cell carcinoma: A multi-center cohort analysis. Urol Oncol. 2018;36(4):147–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohs FE, Snow SN, Larson PO. Mohs micrographic surgery for penile tumors. Urol Clin North Am. 1992;19(2):291–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shindel AW, Mann MW, Lev RY, et al. Mohs micrographic surgery for penile cancer: management and long-term followup. J Urol. 2007;178(5):1980–1985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulino G, Sasso F, Falabella R, et al. Distal urethral reconstruction of the glans for penile carcinoma: results of a novel technique at 1-year of followup. J Urol. 2007;178(3 Pt 1):941–944.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith Y, Hadway P, Biedrzycki O, et al. Reconstructive surgery for invasive squamous carcinoma of the glans penis. Eur Urol. 2007;52(4):1179–1185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracka A. Organerhaltende operationstechnik bei karzinomen der glans penis. Akt Urol. 1996;27:1–V.
   Google Scholar
• Parnham AS, Albersen M, Sahdev V, et al. Glansectomy and Split-thickness Skin Graft for Penile Cancer. Eur Urol. 2018;73(2):284–289.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hadway P, Corbishley CM, Watkin NA. Total glans resurfacing for premalignant lesions of the penis: initial outcome data. BJU Int. 2006;98(3):532–536.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palminteri E, Berdondini E, Lazzeri M, et al. Resurfacing and reconstruction of the glans penis. Eur Urol. 2007;52(3):893–898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shabbir M, Muneer A, Kalsi J, et al. Glans resurfacing for the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the penis: surgical technique and outcomes. Eur Urol. 2011;59(1):142–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bissada NK, Yakout HH, Fahmy WE, et al. Multi-institutional long-term experience with conservative surgery for invasive penile carcinoma. J Urol. 2003;169(2):500–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J, Zhu Y, Zhang SL, et al. Organ-sparing surgery for penile cancer: complications and outcomes. Urology. 2011;78(5):1121–1124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lont AP, Gallee MP, Meinhardt W, et al. Penis conserving treatment for T1 and T2 penile carcinoma: clinical implications of a local recurrence. J Urol. 2006;176(2):575–580. discussion 580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crook JM, Haie-Meder C, Demanes DJ, et al. American Brachytherapy Society-Groupe European de Curietherapie-European Society of Therapeutic Radiation Oncology (ABS-GEC-ESTRO) consensus statement for penile brachytherapy. Brachytherapy. 2013;12(3):191–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hasan S, Francis A, Hagenauer A, et al. The role of brachytherapy in organ preservation for penile cancer: A meta-analysis and review of the literature. Brachytherapy. 2015;14(4):517–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mulherkar R, Hasan S, Wegner RE, et al. National patterns of care for early-stage penile cancers in the United States: how is radiation and brachytherapy utilized? Brachytherapy. 2019;18(4):503–509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bracka A. Glans resection and plastic repair. BJU Int. 2010;105(1):136–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kranz J, Parnham A, Albersen M, et al. [Urethral centralization and pseudo-glans formation after partial penectomy]. Urologe A. 2017;56(10):1293–1297.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malone PR, Thomas JS, Blick C. A tie-over dressing for graft application in distal penectomy and glans resurfacing: the TODGA technique. BJU Int. 2011;107(5):836–840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parkash S, Ananthakrishnan N, Roy P. Refashioning of phallus stumps and phalloplasty in the treatment of carcinoma of the penis. Br J Surg. 1986;73(11):902–905.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallen JJ, Baumgarten AS, Kim T, et al. Optimizing penile length in patients undergoing partial penectomy for penile cancer: novel application of the ventral phalloplasty oncoplastic technique. Int Braz J Urol. 2014;40(5):708–709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Djajadiningrat RS, van Werkhoven E, Meinhardt W, et al. Penile sparing surgery for penile cancer-does it affect survival? J Urol. 2014;192(1):120–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Linder AK, Schachtner G, Steiner E, et al. Organ-sparing surgery of penile cancer: higher rate of local recurrence yet no impact on overall survival. World J Urol. 2020;(38):417–424.
   Google Scholar
• May A, Joshi P, Davaro F, et al. Trends in treatment of cT1 penile cancer: analysis of the National Cancer Database. Urol Oncol. 2020;38(8):688.e1–688.e9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kamel MH, Tao J, Su J, et al. Survival outcomes of organ sparing surgery, partial penectomy, and total penectomy in pathological T1/T2 penile cancer: report from the National Cancer Data Base. Urol Oncol. 2018;36(2):82. e7-82 e15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Windahl T, Skeppner E, Andersson SO, et al. Sexual function and satisfaction in men after laser treatment for penile carcinoma. J Urol. 2004;172(2):648–651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez J, Chavarriaga J, Ortiz A, et al. Oncological and functional outcomes after organ-sparing plastic reconstructive surgery for penile cancer. Urology. 2020;142:161–165.e1.
   Google Scholar
• Sedigh O, Falcone M, Ceruti C, et al. Sexual function after surgical treatment for penile cancer: which organ-sparing approach gives the best results? Can Urol Assoc J. 2015;9(7–8):E423–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J, Chen J, Wu XF, et al. Glans preservation contributes to postoperative restoration of male sexual function: a multicenter clinical study of glans preserving surgery. J Urol. 2014;192(5):1410–1417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozzini G, Provenzano M, Romero Otero J, et al. Role of penile doppler us in the preoperative assessment of penile squamous cell carcinoma patients: results from a large prospective multicenter European study. Urology. 2016;90:131–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar