Evaluation of the cost-utility of a prescription digital therapeutic for the treatment of opioid use disorder

References

• Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Opioid Overdose. Understanding the Epidemic [Cited 2020 Dec 3]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html.
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Multiple Cause of Death 1999-2018 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released January, 2020 [Cited 2020 Dec 3]. Available from: https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates.
   Google Scholar
• Wakeman SE, Green TC, Rich J. An overdose surge will compound the COVID-19 pandemic if urgent action is not taken. Nat Med. 2020 Jun;26(6):819–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker WC, Fiellin DA. When epidemics collide: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the opioid crisis. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(1):59–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Health advisory (CDCHAN-00438). Increase in Fatal Drug Overdoses Across the United States Driven by Synthetic Opioids Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2020 [Cited 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2020/han00438.asp?ACSTrackingID=USCDC_511-DM44961&ACSTrackingLabel=HAN%20438%20-%20General%20Public&deliveryName=USCDC_511-DM44961.
   Google Scholar
• The Opioid Response Network. The opioid epidemic and COVID-19: how social determinants of health create differential impacts. 2020 [Cited 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://opioidresponsenetwork.org/documents/SDH_OUD-COVID-19.pdf
   Google Scholar
• American Medical Association (AMA). Issue brief: reports of increases in opioid-related overdose during COVID pandemic. 2020 [Cited 2020 Dec 3]. Available from: https://www.ama-assn.org/system/files/2020-11/issue-brief-increases-in-opioid-related-overdose.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Slavova S, Rock P, Bush HM, et al. Signal of increased opioid overdose during COVID-19 from emergency medical services data. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;214:108176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Society of Actuaries. Economic Impact of Non-Medical Opioid Use in the United States [Cited 2020 Dec 3]. Available from: https://www.soa.org/globalassets/assets/files/resources/research-report/2019/econ-impact-non-medical-opioid-use.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Florence C, Luo F, Rice K. The economic burden of opioid use disorder & fatal opioid overdose in the United States, 2017. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020. In Press. DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). Key substance use and mental health indicators in the United States: Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (HHS Publication No. PEP19-5068, NSDUH Series H-54). 2019 [Cited 2020 Dec 3]. Available from: www.samhsa.gov/data/.
   Google Scholar
• Ruetsch C, Tkacz J, Nadipelli VR, et al. Heterogeneity of nonadherent buprenorphine patients: subgroup characteristics and outcomes. Am J Manag Care. 2017 Jun 1;23(6):e172–e179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakeman SE, Larochelle MR, Ameli O, et al. Comparative effectiveness of different treatment pathways for opioid use disorder. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(2):e1920622–e1920622. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ronquest NA, Willson TM, Montejano LB, et al. Relationship between buprenorphine adherence and relapse, health care utilization and costs in privately and publicly insured patients with opioid use disorder. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2018;9:59–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch FL, McCarty D, Mertens J, et al. Costs of care for persons with opioid dependence in commercial integrated health systems. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2014 [2014 08 14];9(1):16. .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Velez FF, Colman S, Kauffman L, et al. Real-world reduction in healthcare resource utilization following treatment of opioid use disorder with reSET-O, a novel prescription digital therapeutic. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research. 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson K, Hills H, Jifeng M, et al. Treatment for opioid use disorder in the Florida medicaid population: using a cascade of care model to evaluate quality. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2020;1–9. DOI:10.1080/00952990.2020.1824236
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Opioid Overdose: Assessing and Addressing Opioid Use Disorder (OUD). 2018 [Cited 2021 Jan 5]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/training/oud/accessible/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Madras B, Ahmad NJ, Wen J, et al., and the Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery Working Group of the Action Collaborative on Countering the U.S. Opioid Epidemic. Improving Access to Evidence-Based Medical Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: Strategies to Address Key Barriers Within the Treatment System 2020 [Cited 2020 Dec 3]. Available from: https://nam.edu/improving-access-to-evidence-based-medical-treatment-for-opioid-use-disorder-strategies-to-address-key-barriers-within-the-treatment-system/.
   Google Scholar
• Hser Y-I, Saxon AJ, Huang D, et al. Treatment retention among patients randomized to buprenorphine/naloxone compared to methadone in a multi-site trial. Addiction. 2014;109(1):79–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NIDA. 2020, June 1. Community Reinforcement Approach Plus Vouchers (Alcohol, Cocaine, Opioids)[Cited 2020 Dec 3]. Available from: https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/principles-drug-addiction-treatment-research-based-guide-third-edition/evidence-based-approaches-to-drug-addiction-treatment/behavioral-therapies/community-reinforcement-approach-vouchers.
   Google Scholar
• McLellan AT, Arndt IO, Metzger DS, et al. The effects of psychosocial services in substance abuse treatment. JAMA. 1993;269(15):1953–1959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsch LA, Dallery J. Advances in the psychosocial treatment of addiction: the role of technology in the delivery of evidence-based psychosocial treatment. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2012;35(2):481–493.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pear Therapeutics Inc. reSET-O - Clinician Instructions for Use. 2019 [Cited 2020 Aug 17]. Available from: https://peartherapeutics.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/PEAR-MKT-025-reSET-O-Clin-Brief-Sum_Dec2019.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Vilardaga R, Fisher T, Sabo PL, et al. (2020). Review of popularity and quality standards of opioid-related smartphone apps. Current Addiction Reports. DOI: 10.1007/s40429-020-00344-6
   Google Scholar
• Tkacz J, Volpicelli J, Un H, et al. Relationship between buprenorphine adherence and health service utilization and costs among opioid dependent patients. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2014;46(4):456–462.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maricich YA, Xiong X, Gerwien R, et al. Real-world evidence for a prescription digital therapeutic to treat opioid use disorder. Curr Med Res Opin. 2020. DOI:10.1080/03007995.2020.1846023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang W, Gellings Lowe N, Jalali A, et al. Economic modeling of reSET-O, a prescription digital therapeutic for patients with opioid use disorder. J Med Econ. 2020. DOI:10.1080/13696998.2020.1858581
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen DR, Landes RD, Jackson L, et al. Adding an internet-delivered treatment to an efficacious treatment package for opioid dependence. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2014;82(6):964–972. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maricich YA, Bickel WK, Marsch LA, et al. Safety and efficacy of a prescription digital therapeutic as an adjunct to buprenorphine for treatment of opioid use disorder. Curr Med Res Opin. 2020. DOI:10.1080/03007995.2020.1846022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pyne JM, Tripathi S, French M, et al. Longitudinal association of preference-weighted health-related quality of life measures and substance use disorder outcomes. Addiction. 2011;106(3):507–515.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fryback DG, Dunham NC, Palta M, et al. U.S. norms for six generic health-related quality-of-life indexes from the national health measurement study. Med Care. 2007;45(12):1162–1170. .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters SJ, Brazier JE. What is the relationship between the minimally important difference and health state utility values? The case of the SF-6D. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1(1):4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IBM Micromedex RED BOOK [Internet]. IBM Watson Health™, an IBM Company; c2017. [cited 2019 Feb 20]. Available from: https://www.ibm.com/us-en/marketplace/micromedex-red-book.
   Google Scholar
• Sindelar JL, Olmstead TA, Peirce JM. Cost-effectiveness of prize-based contingency management in methadone maintenance treatment programs. Addiction. 2007;102(9):1463–1471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petry NM, DePhilippis D, Rash CJ, et al. Nationwide dissemination of contingency management: the veterans administration initiative. Am J Addict. 2014;23(3):205–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER). Extended-Release Opioid Agonists and Antagonist Medications for Addiction Treatment (MAT) in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder: Effectiveness and Value. 2018 [Cited 2020 Dec 3]. Available from: https://icer-review.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/ICER_Opioid_Use_Disorder_Draft_Evidence_Report_090718-1.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bickel WK, Marsch LA, Buchhalter AR, et al. Computerized behavior therapy for opioid-dependent outpatients: a randomized controlled trial. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;16(2):132–143.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proctor R, Taylor MP, Quinn M, et al. Alarming rate of substance use in motor vehicle collisions at an appalachian trauma center. Cureus. 2020 December 03;12(12):e11863.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cahill CM, Walwyn W, Taylor AMW, et al. Allostatic mechanisms of opioid tolerance beyond desensitization and downregulation. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Nov;37(11):963–976.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montandon G, Slutsky AS. Solving the opioid crisis: respiratory depression by opioids as critical end point. Chest. 2019 Oct;156(4):653–658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morse ED. Addiction is a chronic medical illness. N C Med J. 2018 May-Jun;79(3):163–165. . PMID: 29735618
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chisholm D, Evans DB. Economic evaluation in health: saving money or improving care? J Med Econ. 2007;10(3):325–337.
   Google Scholar
• Sulley S, Ndanga M. Inpatient opioid use disorder and social determinants of health: a nationwide analysis of the national inpatient sample (2012-2014 and 2016-2017). Cureus. 2020 November 03;12(11):e11311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wittenberg E, Bray JW, Aden B, et al. Measuring benefits of opioid misuse treatment for economic evaluation: health-related quality of life of opioid-dependent individuals and their spouses as assessed by a sample of the US population. Addiction. 2016;111(4):675–684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar