A review of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis

References

• Yüce G, Bakılan F, Biçen AÇ. Radial vein thrombosis, after radial head fracture: a case report. Türk Osteoporoz Derg. 2016;22(1). DOI:10.4274/tod.52714
   Google Scholar
• Hurbanek JG, Anderson K, Kaatz S, et al. Ulnar deep venous thrombosis in a professional baseball pitcher: a case report. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35(12). DOI:10.1177/0363546507303559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cote LP, Greenberg S, Caprini JA, et al. Comparisons between upper and lower extremity deep vein thrombosis: a review of the RIETE registry. Clin Appl Thromb. 2017. DOI:10.1177/1076029616663847.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant JD, Stevens SM, Woller SC, et al. Diagnosis and management of upper extremity deep-vein thrombosis in adults. Thromb Haemost. 2012. DOI:10.1160/TH12-05-0352.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delluc A, Le Mao R, Tromeur C, et al. Incidence of upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis in western France: a community-based study. Haematologica. 2019;104(1). DOI:10.3324/haematol.2018.194951
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JA, Zierler BK, Zierler RE. The risk factors and clinical outcomes of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2012. DOI:10.1177/1538574411432145
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Illig KA, Doyle AJ. A comprehensive review of paget-schroetter syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2010. DOI:10.1016/j.jvs.2009.12.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alla VM, Natarajan N, Kaushik M, et al. Paget-schroetter syndrome: review of pathogenesis and treatment of effort thrombosis. West J Emerg Med. 2010;11(4):358–362.
   Google Scholar
• Urschel HC, Patel AN. Surgery remains the most effective treatment for paget-schroetter syndrome: 50 years’ experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008. DOI:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.03.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopra V, Anand S, Hickner A, et al. Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with peripherally inserted central catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2013;382(9889). DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60592-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nifong TP, McDevitt TJ. The effect of catheter to vein ratio on blood flow rates in a simulated model of peripherally inserted central venous catheters. Chest. 2011;140(1). DOI:10.1378/chest.10-2637
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decousus H, Bourmaud A, Fournel P, et al. Cancer-associated thrombosis in patients with implanted ports: a prospective multicenter French cohort study (ONCOCIP). Blood. 2018;132(7). DOI:10.1182/blood-2018-03-837153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopra V, Kaatz S, Swaminathan L, et al. Variation in use and outcomes related to midline catheters: results from a multicentre pilot study. BMJ Qual Saf. 2019;28(9). DOI:10.1136/bmjqs-2018-008554
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poh C, Brunson A, Mahajan A, et al. Upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in 10 common malignancies: analysis of incidence, risk factors, and effect on mortality from the California Cancer Registry. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(15). DOI:10.1200/JCO.2019.37.15_suppl.e18190
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adelborg K, Horváth-Puhó E, Sundbøll J, et al. Risk and prognosis of cancer after upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis: a population-based cohort study. Thromb Res. 2018. DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2017.11.017
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joffe HV, Kucher N, Tapson VF, et al. Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis: a prospective registry of 592 patients. Circulation. 2004. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000142289.94369.D7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn SR, Partsch H, Vedantham S, et al. Definition of post-thrombotic syndrome of the leg for use in clinical investigations: a recommendation for standardization. J Thromb Haemost. 2009. DOI:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03294.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegal D, Lim W. Venous thromboembolism. Hematology. 2018;2102–2112. DOI:10.1016/B978-0-323-35762-3.00142-6
   Google Scholar
• Thiyagarajah K, Ellingwood L, Endres K, et al. Post-thrombotic syndrome and recurrent thromboembolism in patients with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2019. DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2018.12.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn SR. The post-thrombotic syndrome. Hematology. 2016. DOI:10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn SR, Elman EA, Bornais C, et al. Post-thrombotic syndrome, functional disability and quality of life after upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in adults. Thromb Haemost. 2005. DOI:10.1160/TH04-10-0640
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lechner D, Wiener C, Weltermann A, et al. Comparison between idiopathic deep vein thrombosis of the upper and lower extremity regarding risk factors and recurrence. J Thromb Haemost. 2008. DOI:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.02998.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamashita Y, Morimoto T, Amano H, et al. Deep vein thrombosis in upper extremities: clinical characteristics, management strategies and long-term outcomes from the COMMAND VTE registry. Thromb Res. 2019. DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2019.02.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALKindi SY, Chai-Adisaksopha C, Cheah M, et al. Management of cancer-associated upper extremity deep vein thrombosis with and without venous catheters at a tertiary care center. Thromb Res. 2018;166. DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2018.03.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constans J, Salmi LR, Sevestre-Pietri MA, et al. A clinical prediction score for upper extremity deep venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost. 2008;99(1). DOI:10.1160/TH07-08-0485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Es N, Bleker SM, Di Nisio M, et al. Improving the diagnostic management of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2017;15(1). DOI:10.1111/jth.13536
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kleinjan A, Di Nisio M, Beyer-Westendorf J, et al. Safety and feasibility of a diagnostic algorithm combining clinical probability, D-dimer testing, and ultrasonography for suspected upper extremity deep venous thrombosis: a prospective management study. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160(7). DOI:10.7326/M13-2056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzolai L, Aboyans V, Ageno W, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute deep vein thrombosis: a joint consensus document from the European Society of Cardiology working groups of aorta and peripheral vascular diseases and pulmonary circulation and right ventricular function. Eur Heart J. 2018. DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim W, Le Gal G, Bates SM, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: diagnosis of venous thromboembolism. Blood Adv. 2018;2(22). DOI:10.1182/bloodadvances.2018024828
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Nisio M, Van Sluis GL, Bossuyt PMM, et al. Accuracy of diagnostic tests for clinically suspected upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: a systematic review. J Thromb Haemost. 2010. DOI:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03771.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sampson FC, Goodacre SW, Thomas SM, et al. The accuracy of MRI in diagnosis of suspected deep vein thrombosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2007. DOI:10.1007/s00330-006-0178-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dam LF, Dronkers CEA, Gautam G, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of recurrent ipsilateral deep vein thrombosis. Blood. 2020;135(16). DOI:10.1182/BLOOD.2019004114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coppens M, Reijnders JH, Middeldorp S, et al. Testing for inherited thrombophilia does not reduce the recurrence of venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6(9). DOI:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2008.03055.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baglin T, Gray E, Greaves M, et al. Clinical guidelines for testing for heritable thrombophilia. Br J Haematol. 2010;149(2). DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2009.08022.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stevens SM, Woller SC, Bauer KA, et al. Guidance for the evaluation and treatment of hereditary and acquired thrombophilia. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41(1). DOI:10.1007/s11239-015-1316-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pengo V, Denas G, Zoppellaro G, et al. Rivaroxaban vs warfarin in high-risk patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood. 2018;132(13). DOI:10.1182/blood-2018-04-848333
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hingorani A, Ascher E, Marks N, et al. Morbidity and mortality associated with brachial vein thrombosis. Ann Vasc Surg. 2006;20(3). DOI:10.1007/s10016-006-9040-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease. Chest. 2012. DOI:10.1378/chest.11-2301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee AYY, Levine MN, Baker RI, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003. DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa025313.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oral apixaban for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. Zeitschrift fur Gefassmedizin. 2013; 10(3). DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1302507
   Google Scholar
• Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, et al. Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(24). DOI:10.1056/nejmoa0906598
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363(26). DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1007903
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edoxaban versus warfarin for the treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(4). DOI: 10.1056/nejmx130058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raskob GE, Van Es N, Verhamme P, et al. Edoxaban for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism. N Engl J Med. 2018. DOI:10.1056/nejmoa1711948.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young AM, Marshall A, Thirlwall J, et al. Comparison of an oral factor xa inhibitor with low molecular weight heparin in patients with cancer with venous thromboembolism: results of a randomized trial (SELECT-D). J Clin Oncol. 2018. DOI:10.1200/JCO.2018.78.8034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agnelli G, Becattini C, Bauersachs R, et al. Apixaban versus dalteparin for the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: the caravaggio study. Thromb Haemost. 2018. DOI:10.1055/s-0038-1668523.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McBane RD, Wysokinski WE, Le-Rademacher JG, et al. Apixaban and dalteparin in active malignancy-associated venous thromboembolism: the ADAM VTE trial. J Thromb Haemost. 2020. DOI:10.1111/jth.14662.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schastlivtsev I, Lobastov K, Tsaplin S, et al. Rivaroxaban in the treatment of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: a single-center experience and review of the literature. Thromb Res. 2019. DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2019.07.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montiel FS, Ghazvinian R, Gottsäter A, et al. Treatment with direct oral anticoagulants in patients with upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. Thromb J. 2017. DOI:10.1186/s12959-017-0149-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houghton D, Cochyut J, Hodge D, et al. Treatment of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis with apixaban and rivaroxaban. Blood. 2019;134:2158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan F, Zou Y, Zhang S, et al. Rivaroxaban in the treatment of PICC-associated upper extremity venous thrombosis. Clin Ther. 2017. DOI:10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.07.041.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies GA, Lazo-Langner A, Gandara E, et al. A prospective study of rivaroxaban for central venous catheter associated upper extremity deep vein thrombosis in cancer patients (Catheter 2). Thromb Res. 2018. DOI:10.1016/j.thromres.2017.04.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prandoni P, Bernardi E, Marchiori A, et al. The long term clinical course of acute deep vein thrombosis of the arm: prospective cohort study. Br Med J. 2004;329:7464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kovacs MJ, Kahn SR, Rodger M, et al. A pilot study of central venous catheter survival in cancer patients using low-molecular-weight heparin (dalteparin) and warfarin without catheter removal for the treatment of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (The Catheter Study). J Thromb Haemost. 2007. DOI:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02613.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chopra V, Flanders SA, Saint S, et al. The michigan appropriateness guide for intravenous catheters (MAGIC): results from a multispecialty panel using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163:6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwicker JI, Connolly G, Carrier M, et al. Catheter-associated deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity in cancer patients: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost. 2014;12:5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streiff MB, Holmstrom B, Angelini D, et al. NCCN Guidelines® insights cancer-associated venous thromboembolic disease, version 2.2018 featured updates to the NCCN guidelines. JNCCN J Natl Compr Cancer Netw. 2018;16:11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazo-Langner A, Kahn SR, Wells PS, et al. A prospective cohort study of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. Blood. 2015;126:23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson L, Broderick C, Armon MP. Thrombolysis for acute deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD002783.pub4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Julian JA, et al. Pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2017. DOI:10.1056/nejmoa1615066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrakis IE, Katsamouris A, Kafassis E, et al. Two different therapeutic modalities in the treatment of the upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: preliminary investigation with 20 case reports. Int J Angiol. 2000. DOI:10.1007/BF01616331
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sabeti S, Schillinger M, Mlekusch W, et al. Treatment of subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis: long-term outcome of anticoagulation versus systemic thrombolysis. Thromb Res. 2002. DOI:10.1016/S0049-3848(03)00093-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cai TY, Rajendran S, Saha P, et al. Paget-Schroetter syndrome: a contemporary review of the controversies in management. Phlebology. 2020. DOI:10.1177/0268355519898920
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baglin T, Bauer K, Douketis J, et al. Duration of anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of an unprovoked pulmonary embolus or deep vein thrombosis: guidance from the SSC of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10:4.
   Google Scholar
• Héron E, Lozinguez O, Emmerich J, et al. Long-term sequelae of spontaneous axillary-subclavian venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar