Associations of serum calcium/magnesium ratios with coronary artery disease in diabetes: a cross-sectional study

References

• Saeedi P, Petersohn I, Salpea P, et al. Global and regional diabetes prevalence estimates for 2019 and projections for 2030 and 2045: results from the international diabetes federation diabetes atlas, 9(th) edition. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019 Nov;157:107843. PubMed PMID: 31518657; eng
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM, Benjamin IJ, Burke GL, et al. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American heart association. Circulation. 1999Sep7;100(10):1134–1146. PubMed PMID: 10477542; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics–2012 update: a report from the American heart association. Circulation. 2012Jan3;125(1):e2–e220. PubMed PMID: 22179539; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4440543. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold SV, Bhatt DL, Barsness GW, et al. Clinical management of stable coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2020May12;141(19):e779–e806. PubMed PMID: 32279539; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler D. UN targets top killers. Nature. 2011Sep14;477(7364):260–261. PubMed PMID: 21921892; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth GA, Johnson C, Abajobir A, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017Jul4;70(1):1–25. PubMed PMID: 28527533; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5491406. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Standards of medical care in diabetes–2013. Diabetes. care. 2013 Jan;36(1):S11–66. PubMed PMID: 23264422; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3537269. eng.
   Google Scholar
• Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, et al. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 20192020 Jan 14; 41(3):407–477. PubMed PMID: 31504439; eng.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alexander CM, Landsman PB, Teutsch SM. Diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, atherosclerotic risk factors, and prevalence of coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2000Nov1;86(9):897–902. PubMed PMID: 11053695; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurtul BE, Kurtul A, Yalçın F. Predictive value of the SYNTAX score for diabetic retinopathy in stable coronary artery disease patients with a concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2021Jul; 177: 108875 PubMed PMID: 34058301; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valensi P, Sachs RN, Harfouche B, et al. Predictive value of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients with or without silent myocardial ischemia. Diabetes Care. 2001 Feb;24(2):339–343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajagopalan N, Miller TD, Hodge DO, et al. Identifying high-risk asymptomatic diabetic patients who are candidates for screening stress single-photon emission computed tomography imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005Jan4;45(1):43–49. PubMed PMID: 15629371; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin JL, Cao YX, Zhang HW, et al. Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease and prediabetes or diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2019Jul;427:1312–1318. PubMed PMID: 31076417; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young LH, Wackers FJ, Chyun DA, et al. Cardiac outcomes after screening for asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: the DIAD study: a randomized controlled trial. Jama. 2009Apr15;301(15):1547–1555. PubMed PMID: 19366774; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2895332. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scognamiglio R, Negut C, Ramondo A, et al. Detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006Jan3;47(1):65–71. PubMed PMID: 16386666; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thai PV, Tien HA, Van Minh H, et al. Triglyceride glucose index for the detection of asymptomatic coronary artery stenosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020Sep12;19(1):137. PubMed PMID: 32919465; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7488689. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zellweger MJ, Haaf P, Maraun M, et al. Predictors and prognostic impact of silent coronary artery disease in asymptomatic high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus. Int J Cardiol. 2017 Oct 1;244:37–42. PubMed PMID: 28784453; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes care. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jan;34(1):S62–9. PubMed PMID: 21193628; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3006051. eng.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Song L. Calcium and Bone Metabolism Indices. Adv Clin Chem. 2017;82:1–46. PubMed PMID: 28939209; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Baaij JH, Hoenderop JG, Bindels RJ. Magnesium in man: implications for health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2015Jan;95(1):1–46. PubMed PMID: 25540137; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutsey PL, Alonso A, Michos ED, et al. Serum magnesium, phosphorus, and calcium are associated with risk of incident heart failure: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014Sep;100 3:756–764. PubMed PMID: 25030784; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4135486. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kisters K, Wessels F, Küper H, et al. Increased calcium and decreased magnesium concentrations and an increased calcium/magnesium ratio in spontaneously hypertensive rats versus Wistar-Kyoto rats: relation to arteriosclerosis. Am J Hypertens. 2004Jan;171:59–62. PubMed PMID: 14700514; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan Z, Liu C, Tian Y, et al. Higher levels of magnesium and lower levels of calcium in whole blood are positively correlated with the metabolic syndrome in a chinese population: a case-control study. Ann Nutr Metab. 2016;69(2):125–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson SC, Burgess S, Michaëlsson K. Serum magnesium levels and risk of coronary artery disease: mendelian randomisation study. BMC Med. 2018May17;16(1):68. PubMed PMID: 29769070; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5956816. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Xun P, Tang Q, et al. Circulating magnesium levels and incidence of coronary heart diseases, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Nutr J. 2017Sep19;16(1):60. PubMed PMID: 28927411; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5606028. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He K, Liu K, Daviglus ML, et al. Magnesium intake and incidence of metabolic syndrome among young adults. Circulation. 2006Apr4;113(13):1675–1682. PubMed PMID: 16567569; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrè S, Li X, Adams-Huet B, et al. Association of serum magnesium with all-cause mortality in patients with and without chronic kidney disease in the dallas heart study. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation: Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. 2018Aug1;33(8):1389–1396. Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation: official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. ;():. PubMed PMID: 29077944; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6454476. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kieboom BC, Niemeijer MN, Leening MJ, et al.Serum magnesium and the risk of death from coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016Jan22; 5(1):10.1161/jaha.115.002707 PubMed PMID: 26802105; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4859391. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shechter M, Sharir M, Labrador MJ, et al. Oral magnesium therapy improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2000Nov7;102(19):2353–2358. PubMed PMID: 11067788; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joosten MM, Gansevoort RT, Mukamal KJ, et al. Urinary and plasma magnesium and risk of ischemic heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013Jun;976:1299–1306. PubMed PMID: 23485414; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larsson SC, Burgess S, Michaëlsson K. Association of genetic variants related to serum calcium levels with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Jama. 2017Jul25;318(4):371–380. PubMed PMID: 28742912; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC5817597 ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none were reported. eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houston M. The role of magnesium in hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2011Nov;13(11):843–847. PubMed PMID: 22051430; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC8108907. eng.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atwater I, Beigelman PM. Dynamic characteristics of electrical activity in pancreatic beta-cells. I. - Effects of calcium and magnesium removal. J de Physiologie. 1976 Nov;72(6):769–786. PubMed PMID: 792423; eng.
   Google Scholar
• Sato H, Takeuchi Y, Matsuda K, et al. Evaluation of the predictive value of the serum calcium-magnesium ratio for All-cause and cardiovascular mortality in incident dialysis patients. Cardiorenal Med. 2017 Dec 8;(1):50–60. 10.1159/000480739.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong H, Hu P, Wang J, et al. Associations of serum calcium, magnesium levels, and their ratio with apolipoproteins in chinese adults with coronary artery disease: a cross-sectional study. Biol Trace Element Res. 2021Nov17;200(10):4221–4229. PubMed PMID: 34787834; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Chen Q, Zhang H, et al. Associations of serum magnesium levels and calcium-magnesium ratios with mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Diabetes Metab. 2020Oct;465:384–391. PubMed PMID: 31870835; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Galioto A, et al. Role of magnesium in insulin action, diabetes and cardio-metabolic syndrome X. Mol Aspect Med. 2003Feb-Jun;241–3:39–52. PubMed PMID: 12537988; eng.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Moore-Schiltz L, Albert JM, Singer ME, et al. Dietary intake of calcium and magnesium and the metabolic syndrome in the national health and nutrition examination (NHANES) 2001-2010 data. Br J Nutr. 2015 Sep 28;114(6):924–935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resnick LM. Cellular ions in hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, and diabetes: a unifying theme. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1992Oct3;3(4):S78–85. PubMed PMID: 1457764; eng.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lapointe A, Royer Moreau N, Simonyan D, et al. Identification of predictors of abnormal calcium, magnesium and phosphorus blood levels in the emergency department: a retrospective cohort study. Open Access Emerg Med. 2021;13:13–21. PubMed PMID: 33500669; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7823096. eng
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar