The effects of cardiometabolic factors on the association between serum uric acid and risk of all-cause mortality in adults with congestive heart failure

References

• Ambrosy AP, Fonarow GC, Butler J, et al. The global health and economic burden of hospitalizations for heart failure: lessons learned from hospitalized heart failure registries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(12):1123–1133. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.053
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895–1032.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Deswal A, et al. Contributory risk and management of comorbidities of hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and metabolic syndrome in chronic heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134(23):e535–78. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bui AL, Horwich TB, Fonarow GC. Epidemiology and risk profile of heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2011;8(1):30–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Álvarez-Lario B, Macarrón-Vicente J. Uric acid and evolution. Rheumatology. 2010;49(11):2010–2015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scuiller A, Pascart T, Bernard A, et al. La maladie goutteuse. La Revue de Méd Interne. 2020;41(6):396–403. Gout. DOI:10.1016/j.revmed.2020.02.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanaspa MA, Andres-Hernando A, Kuwabara M. Uric acid and hypertension. Hypertens Res. 2020;43(8):832–834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndrepepa G. Uric acid and cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta. 2018;484:150–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kawai T, Ohishi M, Takeya Y, et al. Serum uric acid is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2012;35(11):1087–1092. DOI:10.1038/hr.2012.99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Causevic A, Semiz S, Macic Dzankovic A, et al. Relevance of uric Acid in progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2010;10(1):54–59. DOI:10.17305/bjbms.2010.2736
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kimura Y, Tsukui D, Kono H. Uric Acid in Inflammation and the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(22):12394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maloberti A, Giannattasio C, Bombelli M, et al. Hyperuricemia and risk of cardiovascular outcomes: the experience of the URRAH (Uric Acid Right for Heart Health) Project. High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention: The Official Journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension. 2020;27(2):121–128. DOI:10.1007/s40292-020-00368-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Virdis A, Masi S, Casiglia E, et al. Identification of the uric acid thresholds predicting an increased total and cardiovascular mortality over 20 years. Hypertension. 2020;75(2):302–308. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex : 1979). DOI:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13643
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Del Pinto R, Viazzi F, Pontremoli R, et al. The URRAH study. Panminerva Med. 2021;63(4):416–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho SK, Chang Y, Kim I, et al. U-Shaped association between serum uric acid level and risk of mortality: a cohort study. Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, NJ). 2018;70(7):1122–1132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidenreich PA, Albert NM, Allen LA, et al. Forecasting the impact of heart failure in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circ Heart Fail. 2013;6(3):606–619. DOI:10.1161/HHF.0b013e318291329a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacIntyre K, Capewell S, Stewart S, et al. Evidence of improving prognosis in heart failure: trends in case fatality in 66 547 patients hospitalized between 1986 and 1995. Circulation. 2000;102(10):1126–1131. DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.102.10.1126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cowie MR, Wood DA, Coats AJ, et al. Survival of patients with a new diagnosis of heart failure: a population based study. Heart. 2000;83(5):505–510. DOI:10.1136/heart.83.5.505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosterd A, Cost B, Hoes AW, et al. The prognosis of heart failure in the general population: the Rotterdam Study. Eur Heart J. 2001;22(15):1318–1327. DOI:10.1053/euhj.2000.2533
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inamdar AA, Inamdar AC. Heart failure: diagnosis, management and utilization. J Clin Med. 2016;5(7):62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harzand A, Tamariz L, Hare JM. Uric acid, heart failure survival, and the impact of xanthine oxidase inhibition. Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn). Congestive Heart Failure. 2012;18(3):179–182.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Braga TT, Forni MF, Correa-Costa M, et al. Soluble Uric Acid Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):39884. DOI:10.1038/srep39884
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu MA, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Johnson RJ, et al. Oxidative stress with an activation of the renin-angiotensin system in human vascular endothelial cells as a novel mechanism of uric acid-induced endothelial dysfunction. J Hypertens. 2010;28(6):1234–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beberashvili I, Sinuani I, Azar A, et al. Serum uric acid as a clinically useful nutritional marker and predictor of outcome in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Nutrition. 2015;31(1):138–147. DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2014.06.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juraschek SP, Miller ER 3rd, Gelber AC. Effect of oral vitamin C supplementation on serum uric acid: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Care Res. 2011;63(9):1295–1306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kestenbaum B, Katz R, de Boer I, et al. Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and cardiovascular events among older adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(14):1433–1441. DOI:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.03.069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson RJ, Kang DH, Feig D, et al. Is there a pathogenetic role for uric acid in hypertension and cardiovascular and renal disease? Hypertension (Dallas, Tex: 1979). 2003;41(6):1183–1190. DOI:10.1161/01.HYP.0000069700.62727.C5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ames BN, Cathcart R, Schwiers E, et al. Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant- and radical-caused aging and cancer: a hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1981;78(11):p. 6858–6862.
   Google Scholar
• Miao L, Guo M, Pan D, et al. Serum uric acid and risk of chronic heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:785327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You H, Chen K, Han P, et al. U-Shaped relationship between cardiovascular mortality and serum uric acid may be attributed to stroke- and heart-specific mortality, respectively, among hypertensive patients: a nationally representative cohort study. Med Sci Monit. 2021;27:e928937.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu L, Hu G, Xu BP, et al. U-Shaped association of serum uric acid with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in US adults: a cohort study. J Clin Endocrinol Meta. 2020;105(3):e597–609. DOI:10.1210/clinem/dgz068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar