2,272
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Articles

Novel testing device and routine to characterise the spreadability of powders for powder bed fusion processes – a problem-oriented approach

, , , , &
Pages 318-334 | Received 05 Aug 2021, Accepted 22 Dec 2021, Published online: 23 Feb 2022

References

  • Parteli EJR, Pöschel T. Particle-based simulation of powder application in additive manufacturing. Powder Technol. 2016;288:96–102.
  • Haeri S. Optimisation of blade type spreaders for powder bed preparation in additive manufacturing using DEM simulations. Powder Technol. 2017;321:94–104.
  • Jacob G, Brown CU, Donmez A. The influence of spreading metal powders with different particle size distributions on the powder bed density in laser-based powder bed fusion processes. US Department of Commerce. National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2018.
  • Mitterlehner M, Danninger H, Gierl-Mayer C. Study on the layer building of powders in powder bed fusion processes for additive manufacturing. In: Proceedings of the Euro PM2018 Congress & Exhibition; 2018 Oct 14–18; Bilbao, Spain. Shrewsbury (United Kingdom): European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA); 2018. ID 3988826.
  • Mitterlehner M, Danninger H, Gierl-Mayer C. A new method for describing the morphology of powder layers in direct laser melting. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Metal Additive Manufacturing Conference 2018; 2018 Nov 21–23; Vienna, Austria. Leoben (Austria): Austrian Society for Metallurgy and Materials (ASMET); 2018. p. 31–40.
  • Nan W, Pasha M, Bonakdar T, et al. Jamming during particle spreading in additive manufacturing. Powder Technol. 2018;338:253–262.
  • Alchikh-Sulaiman B, Carriere PR, Chu X, et al. Powder spreading and tribocharging for additive manufacturing process. In: Proceedings of the Euro PM2019 Congress & Exhibition; 2019 Oct 13–16; Maastricht (Netherlands). Shrewsbury (United Kingdom): European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA); 2019. ID 4347446.
  • Gopaluni A, Lyckfeldt O, Hatami S. Powder Spreadability in metal additive manufacturing. Paper presented at: Alloys for Additive Manufacturing Symposium 2019; 2019 Sep 18–20; Göteborg, Sweden.
  • Schrage J, Schleifenbaum JH. Influence of powder application parameters on powder bed properties and on productivity of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). In: Proceedings of the 4th Metal Additive Manufacturing Conference 2019; 2019 Sep 30-Oct 2; Örebro (Sweden). Leoben (Austria): Austrian Society for Metallurgy and Materials (ASMET); 2019. p. 28–37.
  • Cordova L, Bor T, Md S, et al. Measuring the spreadability of pre-treated and moisturized powders for laser powder bed fusion. Addit Manuf. 2020;32:101082. doi:10.1016/j.addma.2020.101082.
  • Mitterlehner M, Danninger H, Gierl-Mayer C, et al. Study on the influence of the blade on powder layers built in powder bed fusion processes for additive manufacturing. BHM, Berg- Huettenmaenn Monatsh. 2020;165(3):157–163.
  • Mitterlehner M, Danninger H, Gierl-Mayer C, et al. Spreading behaviour and packing density of the powder bed in L-PBF as a function of spreading strategy and velocity. In: Proceedings of the Euro PM2020 Virtual Congress & Exhibition; 2020 Oct 5–7. Shrewsbury (United Kingdom): European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA). ID 4854670.
  • Lorenzo M, Hulme-Smith C. Flowability of steel and tool steel powders: a comparison between testing methods. Powder Technol. 2021;384:402–413.
  • Hulme-Smith C, Hari V, Mellin P. Spreadability testing of powder for additive manufacturing. BHM, Berg- Huettenmaenn Monatsh. 2021;166(1):9–13.
  • Mitterlehner M, Danninger H, Gierl-Mayer C, et al. Investigation of the influence of powder moisture on the spreadability using the spreading tester. BHM, Berg- Huettenmaenn Monatsh 2021;166(1):14–22.
  • Shaheen MY, Thornton AR, Luding S, et al. The influence of material and process parameters on powder spreading in additive manufacturing. Powder Technol. 2021;383:564–583.
  • Si L, Zhang T, Zhou M, et al. Numerical simulation of the flow behavior and powder spreading mechanism in powder bed-based additive manufacturing. Powder Technol. 2021;394:1004–1016.
  • Wang L, Zhou Z, Li E, et al. Powder deposition mechanism during powder spreading with different spreader geometries in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Powder Technol. 2022;395:802–810.
  • Zhang J, Tan Y, Xiao X, et al. Comparison of roller-spreading and blade-spreading processes in powder-bed additive manufacturing by DEM simulations. Particuology. 2022;66:48–58.
  • Prescott JK, Barnum RA. On powder flowability. Pharm Technol. 2000;24:60–84.
  • Vock S, Klöden B, Kirchner A, et al. Powders for powder bed fusion: a review. Prog Addit Manuf. 2019;4(4):383–397.
  • Hare C, Zafar U, Ghadiri M, et al. Analysis of the dynamics of the FT4 powder rheometer. Powder Technol. 2015;285:123–127.
  • Lumay G, Boschini F, Traina K, et al. Measuring the flowing properties of powders and grains. Powder Technol. 2012;224:19–27.
  • Powder Rheology [Internet]. Graz (AT): Anton Paar GmbH. c2021. [cited 2021 Jul 4]; Available from: https://wiki.anton-paar.com/en/powder-rheology/
  • Ensuring High Quality in the Additive Manufacturing Process [Internet]. Haan (GE): Microtrac Retsch GmbH. c2020 [cited 2020 Jul 1]. Available from: https://www.microtrac.de/dltmp/www/5e396c14-fe94-4af0-83c0-7f30c3c9c754-49caf39811f8/tr_additive_manufacturing_vs_0519_en.pdf
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Metallic powders – determination of flow rate by means of a calibrated funnel (Hall flowmeter). Vernier: ISO; 2018. Standard No. 4490:2018.
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Metallic powders – determination of apparent density – Part 1: Funnel Method. Vernier: ISO; 2018. Standard No. 3923-1:2018.
  • American Society for Testing and Materials International (ASTM International). Standard test method for apparent density of metal powders and related compounds using the Arnold Meter. West Conshohocken: ASTM. Standard No. B703 - 17
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Metallic powders – determination of tap density. Vernier: ISO; 2011. Standard No. 3953:2011.
  • Mitterlehner M, Danninger H, Gierl-Mayer C. Study on segregation effects in powder layers built in powder bed fusion processes for additive manufacturing. In: Proceedings of the Euro PM2019 Congress & Exhibition; 2019 Oct 13–16; Maastricht (Netherlands). Shrewsbury (United Kingdom): European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA); 2019. ID 4346412.
  • Mitterlehner M, Danninger H, Gierl-Mayer C, et al. Processability of moist superalloy powder by SLM. BHM, Berg- Huettenmaenn Monatsh. 2021;166(1):23–32.
  • Mitterlehner M. Metal powders for laser powder bed fusion technologies: storing, drying, spreading, printing [PhD thesis]. Vienna (AT): Technische Universität Wien; 2020.