Surrogate Patients in Medical Education

References

• Barrows , H. S. 1968 . Simulated patients in medical teaching . Canad. Med. Assoc. J , 98 : 674 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrows , H. S. 1971 . Simulated Patients (Programmed Patients) , Springfield , Illinois : Charles C. Thomas .
   Google Scholar
• Barrows , H. S. and Abrahamson , S. 1964 . Training of simulated patients . J. Med. Educ , 39 : 802 – 7 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Domdal , S.T. , Smith , R. B. , Woodgill , V. K. and Leaper , D. J. 1972 . The simulation of the diagnostic process: a further comparison . Brit. J. Med. Educ , 6 : 238 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Elstein , A. , Kagan , N. , Shulman , L. , Jason , H. and Taupe , N. 1972 . Methods and theory in the study of medical inquiry . J. Med. Educ , 47 : 85 – 92 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Engel , I. M. , Resnik , T. J. and Levine , S. B. 1976 . The use of programmed patients and videotape in teaching medical students to take a sexual history . J Med. Educ , 51 : 425 – 7 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frazer , N. B. and Miller , R. H. 1977 . Training practical instructors (programmed patients) to teach basic physical examination . J. Med. Educ , 52 : 149 – 51 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedman , R. B. 1973 . A computer program for simulating the patient‐physician encounter . J. Med. Educ , 48 : 92 – 7 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Friedman , R. B. , Korst , D. R. , Schultz , J. V. , Beatty , E. and Entine , S. 1978 . Experience with the simulated patient‐physician encounter . J. Med. Educ , 53 : 825 – 30 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Godkins , T. R. , Duffy , D. , Greenwood , J. and Stanhope , W. D. 1974 . Utilization of simulated patients to teach the pelvic examination . J. Med. Educ , 49 : 1174 – 8 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hale , R. W. and Schiner , W. 1977 . Professional patients: an improved method of teaching breast and pelvic examination . J. Reprod. Med , 19 : 163 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harless , W. G. , Drennon , G. G. , Marxer , J. J. , Root , J. A. and Miller , G. E. 1971 . CASE: a computer aided simulation of the clinical encounter . J. Med. Educ , 46 : 433 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• Helfer , R. E. 1970 . Interviewing skills of medical students . Pediatrics , 45 : 623 – 8 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Helfer , R. E. , Black , M. A. and Teitelbaum , H. 1975 . A comparison of pediatric interviewing skills using real and simulated mothers . Pediatrics , 55 : 397 – 400 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzman , G. B. , Singleton , D. , Holmes , T. F. and Maatsch , J. L. 1977 . Initial pelvic examination instruction: the effectiveness of three contemporary approaches . Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol , 129 : 124 – 9 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , C. F. , Murchison , N. and Reiter , S. 1976 . Sick infants versus simulated well‐baby exam as an initial pediatric learning experience . J. Med. Educ , 51 : 1021 – 3 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson , G. H. , Brown , T. C. , Stenchever , M. A. , Gabert , H. A. , Poulson , A. M. and Warenski , J. C. 1975 . Teaching pelvic examination to second year medical students using programmed patients . J. Obstet. Gynecol , 121 : 714 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Kretzschmar , R. M. 1971 . “ Teaching pelvic examination to medical students using a professional patient ” . In Newsletter 21 Steering Committee on Cooperative Teaching in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Utah, College of Medicine .
   Google Scholar
• Livingstone , R. and Ostrow , D. N. 1978 . Professional patient‐instructors in the teaching of the pelvis examination . Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol , 132 : 64 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maguire , G. P. and Rutter , D. R. 1975 . In Communication Between Doctor and Patients , Edited by: Bennett , A. E. London : Nuffield Provincial Hospitals Trust .
   Google Scholar
• Maguire , P. 1976 . The use of patient simulators in teaching medical students in history taking skills . Med. and Biol. Illustr , 26 : 91 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Millis , J. S. 1971 . A Rational Public Policy for Medical Education and its Financing , New York : The National Fund for Medical Education .
   Google Scholar
• Schneidman , B. S. 1977 . An approach to obtaining patients to participate in pelvic examinations . J. Med. Educ , 52 : 70 – 1 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tinning , F. C. 1975 . Simulation in Medical Education , College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University .
   Google Scholar