Mediators in the Association Between Affective Temperaments and Suicide Risk Among Psychiatric Inpatients

References

• Abela, J. R. Z., Aydin, C., & Auerbach, R. P. (2006). Operationalizing the “vulnerability” and “stress” components of the hopelessness theory of depression: A multi-wave longitudinal study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(11), 1565–1583.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96(2), 358–372. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.96.2.358
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akiskal, H., & Pinto, O. (2000). Soft bipolar spectrum: Footnotes to Kraepelin on the interface of hypomania, temperament, and depression. In A. Marneros & J. Angst (Eds.), Bipolar disorders: 100 years after manic-depressive insanity. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 37-62.
   Google Scholar
• Akiskal, H. S., Akiskal, K. K., Haykal, R. F., Manning, J.S., & Connor, P.D. (2005). TEMPS-A: Progress towards validation of a self-rated clinical version of the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire. Journal of Affective Disorders, 85(1–2), 3–16. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akiskal, H. S., & Mallya, G. (1987). Criteria for the “soft” bipolar spectrum: Treatment implications. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 23(1), 68–73.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
   Google Scholar
• Baldessarini, R. J., Innamorati, M., Erbuto, D., Serafini, G., Fiorillo, A., Amore, M., … Pompili, M. (2017). Differential associations of affective temperaments and diagnosis of major affective disorders with suicidal behavior. Journal of Affective Disorders, 210, 19–21. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bateman, A.W., & Fonagy, P. (2004). Mentalization-based treatment of BPD.Journal of Personality Disorders18(1), 36–51.
   Google Scholar
• Bateman, A., & Fonagy, P. (2012). Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Brown, G., Berchick, R. J., Stewart, B. L., & Steer, R. A. (1990). Relationship between hopelessness and ultimate suicide: A replication with psychiatric outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147(2), 190–195. doi:10.1176/ajp.147.2.190
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1989). Clinical predictors of eventual suicide: A 5- to 10-year prospective study of suicide attempters. Journal of Affective Disorders, 17(3), 203–209. doi:10.1016/0165-0327(89)90001-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1993). Manual for the Beck Hopelessness Scale (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Kovacs, M., & Garrison, B. (1985). Hopelessness and eventual suicide: A 10-year prospective study of patients hospitalized with suicidal ideation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 142(5), 559–563. doi:10.1176/ajp.142.5.559
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The hopelessness scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(6), 861–865. doi:10.1037/h0037562
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstein, E. M., & Putnam, F. W. (1986). Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174(12), 727–735. doi:10.1097/00005053-198612000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briere, J., Dietrich, A., & Semple, R. J. (2016). Dissociative complexity: Antecedents and clinical correlates of a new construct. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8(5), 577–584. doi:10.1037/tra0000126
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calati, R., Bensassi, I., & Courtet, P. (2017). The link between dissociation and both suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury: Meta-analyses. Psychiatry Research, 251, 103–114. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.035
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campos, R. C., Gomes, M., Holden, R. R., Piteira, M., & Rainha, A. (2017). Does psychache mediate the relationship between general distress and suicide ideation? Death Studies, 41(4), 241–245. doi:10.1080/07481187.2016.1251510
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collin-Vézina, D., & Hébert, M. (2005). Comparing dissociation and PTSD in sexually abused school-aged girls. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 193(1), 47–52. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000149218.76592.26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daudert, E. (2002). Die reflective self functioning scale. In B. Strauss, H. Kaechele, & A. Buchheim (Eds.), Klinische Bindungsforschung. Theorien, Methoden, Ergebnisse (pp. 54–67). Stuttgart, Germany: Schattauer.
   Google Scholar
• David Klonsky, E., Kotov, R., Bakst, S., Rabinowitz, J., & Bromet, E. J. (2012). Hopelessness as a predictor of attempted suicide among first admission patients with psychosis: A 10-year cohort study. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 42(1), 1–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dubester, K.A. & Braun, B.G. (1995). Psychometric properties of the Dissociative Experiences Scale. J Nerv Ment Dis, 183(4), 231–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer-Kern, M., Fonagy, P., Kapusta, N. D., Luyten, P., Boss, S., Naderer, A., … Leithner, K. (2013). Mentalizing in female inpatients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 201(3), 202–207. doi:10.1097/NMD.0b013e3182845c0a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., & Allison, E. (2016). Psychic reality and the nature of consciousness. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 97(1), 5–24. doi:10.1111/1745-8315.12403
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E., & Target, M. (2002). Affect Regulation, Mentalization and the Development of the Self.. New York: Other Press LLC.
   Google Scholar
• Hausberg, M. C., Schulz, H., Piegler, T., Happach, C. G., Klöpper, M., Brütt, A. L., … Andreas, S. (2012). Is a self-rated instrument appropriate to assess mentalization in patients with mental disorders? Development and first validation of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ). Psychotherapy Research: Journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, 22(6), 699–709. doi:10.1080/10503307.2012.709325
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iliceto, P., Pompili, M., Lester, D., Gonda, X., Niolu, C., Girardi, N., Rihmer, Z., Candilera, G., & Girardi P. (2011). Relationship between temperament, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness in adolescents: A structural equation model. Depression Research and Treatment, (2011), 160175.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Innamorati, M., Imperatori, C., Harnic, D., Erbuto, D., Patitucci, E., Janiri, L., … Fabbricatore, M. (2017). Emotion regulation and mentalization in people at risk for food addiction. Behavioral Medicine, 43(1), 21–30. doi:10.1080/08964289.2015.1036831
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Innamorati, M., Lester, D., Balsamo, M., Erbuto, D., Ricci, F., Amore, M., … Pompili, M. (2014). Factor validity of the Beck Hopelessness Scale in Italian medical patients. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, Springer US, 36(2), 300–307. doi:10.1007/s10862-013-9380-3
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Innamorati, M., Pompili, M., Gonda, X., Amore, M., Serafini, G., Niolu, C., … Girardi, P. (2011). Psychometric properties of the Gotland Scale for Depression in Italian psychiatric inpatients and its utility in the prediction of suicide risk. Journal of Affective Disorders, 132(1–2), 99–103. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Innamorati, M., Rihmer, Z., Akiskal, H., Gonda, X., Erbuto, D., Murri, M. B., … Pompili, M. (2015). Cyclothymic temperament rather than polarity is associated with hopelessness and suicidality in hospitalized patients with mood disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 170, 161–165. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.08.042
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamison, K. (1999). Night falls fast: Understanding suicide. New York, NY: Vintage.
   Google Scholar
• Karam, E. G., Mneimneh, Z., Salamoun, M., Akiskal, K. K., & Akiskal, H. S. (2005). Psychometric properties of the Lebanese-Arabic TEMPS-A: A national epidemiologic study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 87(2–3), 169–183. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.02.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kılıç, F., Coşkun, M., Bozkurt, H., Kaya, İ., & Zoroğlu, S. (2017). Self-injury and suicide attempt in relation with trauma and dissociation among adolescents with dissociative and non-dissociative disorders. Psychiatry Investigation, 14(2), 172–178. doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.2.172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kochman, F. J., Hantouche, E. G., Ferrari, P., Lancrenon, S., Bayart, D., & Akiskal, H. S. (2005). Cyclothymic temperament as a prospective predictor of bipolarity and suicidality in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 85(1–2), 181–189. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2003.09.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levinger, S., Somer, E., & Holden, R. R. (2015). The importance of mental pain and physical dissociation in youth suicidality. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation, 16(3), 322–339. doi:10.1080/15299732.2014.989644
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, R. T., Kleiman, E. M., Nestor, B. A., & Cheek, S. M. (2015). The hopelessness theory of depression: A quarter century in review. Clinical Psychology: A Publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association, NIH Public Access, 22(4), 345–365.
   Google Scholar
• Luyten, P., & Fonagy, P. (2017). The stress-reward-mentalizing model of depression: An integrative developmental cascade approach to child and adolescent depressive disorder based on the research domain criteria (RDoC) approach. Clinical Psychology Review. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyssenko, L., Schmahl, C., Bockhacker, L., Vonderlin, R., Bohus, M., Kleindienst, N. (2017). Dissociation in psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis of studies using the dissociative experiences scale. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1,175(1), 37-46. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17010025
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mazzotti, E., Farina, B., Imperatori, C., Mansutti, F., Prunetti, E., Speranza, AM., & Barbaranelli C. (2016). Is the Dissociative Experiences Scale able to identify detachment and compartmentalization symptoms? Factor structure of the Dissociative Experiences Scale in a large sample of psychiatric and nonpsychiatric subjects. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Dove Press, 12, 1295–1302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan, D., Gilbody, S., Beresford, E., & Neilly, L. (2007). Can we predict suicide and non-fatal self-harm with the Beck Hopelessness Scale? A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 37(6), 769–778. doi:10.1017/S0033291706009664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orbach, I. (1994). Dissociation, physical pain, and suicide: A hypothesis. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 24(1), 68–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pasquini, M., Berardelli, I., & Biondi, M. (2014). Ethiopathogenesis of depressive disorders. Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health, 10(1), 166–171. doi:10.2174/1745017901410010166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petersen, R., Brakoulias, V., & Langdon, R. (2016). An experimental investigation of mentalization ability in borderline personality disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 64, 12–21. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompili, M. (2010). Exploring the phenomenology of suicide. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 40(3), 234–244. doi:10.1521/suli.2010.40.3.234
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompili, M. (2018). Phenomenology of suicide: Unlocking the suicidal mind ( Pompili M., ed.). Springer US.
   Google Scholar
• Pompili, M., Girardi, P., Tatarelli, R., Iliceto, P., De Pisa, E., Tondo, L., … Akiskal, H. S. (2008). TEMPS-A (Rome): Psychometric validation of affective temperaments in clinically well subjects in mid- and south Italy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 107(1–3), 63–75. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.07.031
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompili, M., Iliceto, P., Lester, D., Innamorati, M., Girardi, P., & Tatarelli, R. (2009). BHS Beck Hopelessness Scale: Manuale. Firenze, Italy: Giunti O.S. Organizzazioni Speciali.
   Google Scholar
• Pompili, M., Innamorati, M., Gonda, X., Serafini, G., Sarno, S., Erbuto, D., Palermo, M....… Girardi, P. (2013). Affective temperaments and hopelessness as predictors of health and social functioning in mood disorder patients: a prospective follow-up study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 5,150(2), 216–22. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompili, M., Innamorati, M., Gonda, X., Erbuto, D., Forte, A., Ricci, F., … Girardi, P. (2014). Characterization of patients with mood disorders for their prevalent temperament and level of hopelessness. Journal of Affective Disorders, 166, 285–291. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.018
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompili, M., Innamorati, M., Rihmer, Z., Gonda, X., Serafini, G., Akiskal, H., … Girardi, P. (2012). Cyclothymic-depressive-anxious temperament pattern is related to suicide risk in 346 patients with major mood disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136(3), 405–411. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.11.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pompili, M., Lester, D., Leenaars, A. A., Tatarelli, R., & Girardi, P. (2008). Psychache and suicide: A preliminary investigation. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 38(1), 116–121. doi:10.1521/suli.2008.38.1.116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pössel, P., & Thomas, S. D. (2011). Cognitive triad as mediator in the hopelessness model? A three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(3), 224–240. doi:10.1002/jclp.v67.3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Power, P., Iacoponi, E., Reynolds, N., Fisher, H., Russell, M., Garety, P., McGuire, P.K., Craig, T. (2007). The Lambeth Early Onset Crisis Assessment Team Study: General practitioner education and access to an early detection team in first-episode psychosis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 191(51), s133–s139. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.031948
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers: A Journal of the Psychonomic Society, Inc, 36(4), 717–731. doi:10.3758/BF03206553
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam, F. W. (1997). Dissociation in children and adolescents: A developmental perspective. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, J. D., Huang, X., Fox, K. R., & Franklin, J. C. (2018). Depression and hopelessness as risk factors for suicide ideation, attempts, and death: Meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. British Journal of Psychiatry: Journal of Mental Science, 212(5), 279–286. doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rihmer, Z. (2009). [Antidepressive efficacy of quetiapine XR in unipolar major depression—The role of early onset of action and sleep-improving effect in decreasing suicide risk]. Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica: a Magyar Pszichofarmakológiai EgyesüLet Lapja [Official Journal of the Hungarian Association of Psychopharmacology], 11(4), 211–215.
   Google Scholar
• Rózsa, S., Rihmer, Z., Gonda, X., Szili, I., Rihmer, A., Kő, N., … Akiskal, H. S. (2008). A study of affective temperaments in Hungary: Internal consistency and concurrent validity of the TEMPS-A against the TCI and NEO-PI-R. Journal of Affective Disorders, 106(1–2), 45–53. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.03.016
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santos, J. M., Pousa, E., Soto, E., Comes, A., Roura, P., Arrufat, F. X., & Obiols, J. E. (2017). Theory of mind in euthymic bipolar patients and first-degree relatives. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 205(3), 207–212. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000595
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shneidman, E. S. (1993). Suicide as psychache. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181(3), 145–147. doi:10.1097/00005053-199303000-00001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan, D. V., Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, K. H., Amorim, P., Janavs, J., Weiller, E., Hergueta, T., Baker, R., & Dunbar, G.C. (1998). The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): The development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 59(Suppl. 2), 22-33-57.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shneidman, E. S. (1999). The Psychological Pain Assessment Scale. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 29(4), 287–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, H. (2003). Mentalization with reservations. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 67, 143–149. doi:10.1521/bumc.67.2.143.23446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tondo, L., Vázquez, G. H., Sani, G., Pinna, M., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2018). Association of suicidal risk with ratings of affective temperaments. Journal of Affective Disorders, 229, 322–327. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.061
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troister, T., & Holden, R. R. (2010). Comparing psychache, depression, and hopelessness in their associations with suicidality: A test of Shneidman’s theory of suicide. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(7), 689–693. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vázquez, G. H., Gonda, X., Lolich, M., Tondo, L., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2018). Suicidal risk and affective temperaments, evaluated with the TEMPS-A scale. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 26(1), 8–18. doi:10.1097/HRP.0000000000000153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waller, N., Putnam, F. W., & Carlson, E. B. (1996). Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences. Psychological Methods, 1(3), 300–321. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.1.3.300
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (2014). Preventing suicide: A global imperative. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press, World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar