Increased levels of C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 in hyperhomocysteinemic subjects

References

• Refsum H., Ueland P. M., Nygård O., Vollset S. E. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease. Annu Rev Med 1998; 49: 31–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerald C., Rollins B. J. Chemokines and disease. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 108–15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holven K. B., Aukrust P., Holm T., Christensen B., Kjekshus J., Andreassen A. K., et al. Folic acid treatment reduces chemokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hyperhomocysteinemic subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2002; 22: 699–703
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holven K. B., Halvorsen B., Schultz H. B., Aukrust P., Ose L., Nenseter M. S. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in mononuclear cells of hyperhomocysteinemic subjects; effect of folic acid treatment. Eur J Clin Invest 2003; 33: 555–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker P. M., Hennekens C. H., Buring J. E., Rifai N. C‐reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 836–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuller L. H., Tracy R. P., Shaten J., Meilahn E. N., for the MRFIT Research Group. Relationship of C‐reactive protein and coronary heart disease in the MRFIT nested case‐control study. Am J Epidemiol 1996; 144: 537–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker P. M., Cushman M., Stampfer M. J., Tracy R. P., Hennekens C. H. Inflammation, aspirin and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 973–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracy R. P., Lemaitre R. N., Psaty B. M., Ives D. G., Evans R. W., Cushman M., et al. Relationship of C‐reactive protein to risk of cardiovascular risk in the elderly: results from the cardiovascular health study and the rural health promotion project. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 1121–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker P. M., Buring J. E., Shih J., Matias M., Hennekens C. H. Prospective study of C‐reactive protein and the risk of future cardiovascular events among apparently healthy women. Circulation 1998; 98: 731–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jialal I., Devaraj S., Venugopal S. K. C‐reactive protein: risk marker or mediator in atherothrombosis?. Hypertension 2004; 44: 6–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yudkin J. S., Kumari M., Humphries S. E., Mohamed‐Ali V. Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: is interleukin‐6 the link?. Atherosclerosis 2000; 148: 209–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendall M. A., Patel P., Asante M., Ballam L., Morris J., Strachan D. P., et al. Relation of serum cytokine concentrations to cardiovascular risk factors and coronary heart disease. Heart 1997; 78: 273–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ridker P., Rifai N., Stampfer M. J., Hennekens C. H. Plasma concentrations of interleukin‐6 and the risk of future myocardial infarction among apparently healthy men. Circulation 2000; 101: 1767–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumacher A., Seljeflot I., Sommervoll L., Christensen B., Otterstad J. E., Arnesen H. Increased levels of markers of vascular inflammation in patients with coronary heart disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2002; 62: 59–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aukrust P., Ueland T., Muller F., Andreassen A. K., Nordøy I., Aas H., et al. Elevated circulating levels of C‐C chemokines in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation 1998; 97: 1136–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holven K. B., Scholz H. B., Halvorsen B., Aukrust P., Ose L., Nenseter M. S. Enhanced expression of lectin‐like oxidized LDL receptor‐1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of hyperhomocysteinemic subjects; effect of folic acid treatment. J Nutr 2003; 133: 3588–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jialal I., Stein D., Balis D., Grundy S. M., Adams‐Huet B., Devaraj S. Effect of hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor therapy on high sensitive C‐reactive protein levels. Circulation 2001; 103: 1933–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Wissen S., Trip M. D., Smilde T. J., de Graaf J., Stalenhoef A. F., Kastelein J. J. Differential hs‐CRP reductions in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia treated with aggressive or conventional statin therapy. Atherosclerosis 2002; 165: 361–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shishehbor M. H., Brennan M. L., Aviles R. J., Fu X., Penn M. S., Sprecher D. L., et al. Statins promote potent systemic antioxidant effects through specific inflammatory pathways. Circulation 2003; 108: 426–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundman P., Eriksson M. J., Silveira A., Hansson L. O., Pernow J., Ericsson C. G., Hamsten A., Tornvall P. Relation of hypertriglyceridemia to plasma concentrations of biochemical markers of inflammation and endothelial activation (C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, soluble adhesion molecules, von Willebrand factor, and endothelin‐1). Am J Cardiol 2003; 91: 1128–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu L., Okada Y., Clinton S. K., Gerard C., Sukhova G. K., Libby P., et al. Absence of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 reduces atherosclerosis in low density lipoprotein receptor‐deficient mice. Mol Cell 1998; 2: 275–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mojiminiyi O. A., Abdella N., Moussa M. A., Akanji A. O., Al Mohammedi H., Zaki M. Association of C‐reactive protein with coronary heart disease risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2002; 58: 37–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans R. W., Shaten B. J., Hempel J. D., Cutler J. A., Kuller L. H., for the MRFIT Research Group. Homocyst(e)ine and risk of cardiovascular disease in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17: 1947–53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker A., Van Hinsbergh V. W., Kostense P. J., Jager A., Dekker J. M., Nijpels G., et al. Serum homocysteine is weakly associated with von Willebrand factor and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, but not with C‐reactive protein in type 2 diabetic and non‐diabetic subjects: The Hoorn Study. Eur J Clin Invest 2000; 30: 763–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bayes B., Pastor M. C., Bonal J., Junca J., Hernandez J. M., Riutort N., et al. Homocysteine, C‐reactive protein, lipid peroxidation and mortality in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003; 18: 106–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albert C. M., Ma J., Rifai N., Stampfer M. J., Ridker P. M. Prospective study of C‐reactive protein, homocysteine and plasma lipid levels as predictors of sudden cardiac death. Circulation 2002; 105: 2595–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Auer J. W., Berent R., Eber B. Lack of association of increased C‐reactive protein and total plasma homocysteine. Circulation 2001; 104: E164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson J. L., Muhlestein J. B., Horne B. D., Carlquist J. F., Bair T. L., Madsen T. E., et al. Plasma homocysteine predicts mortality independently of traditional risk factors and C‐reactive protein in patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease. Circulation 2000; 102: 1227–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friso S., Jacques P. F., Wilson P. W., Rosenberg I. H., Selhub J. Low circulating vitamin B(6) is associated with elevation of the inflammation marker C‐reactive protein independently of plasma homocysteine levels. Circulation 2001; 103: 2788–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris T. B., Ferrucci L., Tracy R. P., Corti M. C., Wacholder S., Ettinger W. H Jr., et al. Association of elevated interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly. Am J Med 1999; 106: 506–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davison S., Davis S. R. New markers for cardiovascular disease risk in women: impact of endogenous estrogen status and exogenous postmenopausal hormone therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003; 88: 2470–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Aken B. E., Jansen J., van Deventer S. J., Reitsma P. H. Elevated levels of homocysteine increase IL‐6 production in monocytic mono mac 6 cells. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2000; 2: 159–64
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar