The Progay and antigay issue culture: Interpretation, influence and dissent

Works cited

• Adam , Barry D. 1987 . The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement , Boston : Twayne .
   Google Scholar
• McDonald , Heather Prod. , ed. 1994 . Ballot Measure 9 Videocassette
   Google Scholar
• Bass , Jeff D. 1991 . “Levellers: The Economic Reduction of Political Equality in the Putney Debates, 1647.” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 77 : 427 – 45 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bawer , Bruce . 1993 . A Place at the Table: The Gay Individual in American Society , New York : Poseidon .
   Google Scholar
• Bendroth , Margaret L. 1993 . Fundamentalism and Gender, 1875 to the Present , New Haven : Yale UP .
   Google Scholar
• Berezin , Mabel . 1994 . “Cultural Form and Political Meaning: State‐Subsidized Theater, Ideology, and the Language of Style in Fascist Italy.” . American Journal of Sociology , 99 : 1237 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bersani , Leo . 1995 . Homos , Cambridge : Harvard UP .
   Google Scholar
• Bielby , William T. and Bielby , Denise D. 1994 . “ ‘ Hits Are Flukes’: Institutionalized Decision Making and the Rhetoric of Network Prime‐Time Program Development.” . American Journal of Sociology , 99 : 1287 – 313 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasius , Mark . 1994 . Gay and Lesbian Politics: Sexuality and the Emergence of a New Ethic , Philadelphia : Temple UP .
   Google Scholar
• Blumenfeld , Warren J. 1992 . “ Introduction ” . In Homophobia: How We All Pay the Price. , Edited by: Blumenfeld , Warren J. 1 – 19 . Boston : Beacon .
   Google Scholar
• Bork , Robert H. 1990 . The Tempting of America: The Political Seduction of the Law , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Boswell , John . 1990 . “Categories, Experience and Sexuality.” . In Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy. , Edited by: Stein , Edward . 133 – 73 . New York : Garland .
   Google Scholar
• Branham , Robert and Pearce , W. Barnett . 1987 . “A Contract for Civility: Edward Kennedy's Lynchburg Address.” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 73 : 424 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bronski , Michael . 1984 . Culture Clash: Making of a Gay Sensibility , Boston : South End .
   Google Scholar
• Bronski , Michael . 1995 . “Sexual Liberation versus Identity Politics.” . Harvard Gay and Lesbian Review , 2.1 : 23 – 5 .
   Google Scholar
• Brummett , Barry . 1981 . “Ideologies in Two Gay Rights Controversies.” . In Gayspeak: Gay Male and Lesbian Communication. , Edited by: Chesebro , James W. 291 – 302 . New York : Pilgrim .
   Google Scholar
• Bryant , Anita . 1977 . The Anita Bryant Story: The Survival of Our Nation's Families and the Threat of Militant Homosexuality , Old Tappan : Revell .
   Google Scholar
• Burress , Phil . 1994 . “Petition Drives: Pros and Cons.” . 20 April http: //cyberzine.org/html/RRight/watch129b. Online. World Wide Web.
   Google Scholar
• Cagan , Leslie . “Community Organizing and the Religious Right: Lessons from Oregon's Measure 9 Campaign.” . Radical America , 24.4 67 – 83 .
   Google Scholar
• Chauncey , George . 1994 . Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World, 1890–1940 , New York : Basic .
   Google Scholar
• Chesebro , James W. 1994 . “Reflections on Gay and Lesbian Rhetoric.” . In Queer Words, Queer Images: Communication and the Construction of Homosexuality. , Edited by: Ringer , R. Jeffrey . 77 – 88 . New York : New York UP .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , Jean L. 1985 . “Strategy or Identity: New Theoretical Paradigms and Contemporary Social Movements.” . Social Research , 52 : 663 – 716 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrad , Charles . 1983 . “The Rhetoric of the Moral Majority: An Analysis of Romantic Form,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 69 : 159 – 70 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cruickshank , Margaret . 1992 . The Gay and Lesbian Liberation Movement , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Dannemeyer , William . 1989 . Shadow in the Land: Homosexuality in America , San Francisco : Ignatius .
   Google Scholar
• Darsey , James . 1994 . “ ’Die Non’: Gay Liberation and the Rhetoric of Pure Tolerance.” . In Queer Words, Queer Images: Communication and the Construction of Homosexuality. , Edited by: Ringer , R. Jeffrey . 45 – 76 . New York : New York UP .
   Google Scholar
• Darsey , James . 1991 . “From ‘Gay Is Good’ to the Scourge of AIDS: The Evolution of Gay Liberation Rhetoric, 1977–1990.” . Communication Studies , 42 : 43 – 66 .
   Google Scholar
• Davies , Christie . 1982 . “Sexual Taboos and Social Boundaries.” . American Journal of Sociology , 87 : 1032 – 63 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeCecco , John P. and Elia , John P. 1993 . “A Critique and Synthesis of Biological Essentialism and Social Constructionist Views of Sexuality and Gender.” . Journal of Homosexuality , 24.3–4 : 1 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• D'Emilio , John . 1989 . “Gay Politics and Community in San Francisco Since World War II.” . In Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past. , Edited by: Duberman , Martin Bauml , Vicinus , Martha and Chauncey , George . 466 – 73 . New York : New American Library .
   Google Scholar
• D'Emilio , John . 1992 . Making Trouble: Essays on Gay History, Politics, and the University , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• D'Emilio , John . 1983 . Sexual Politics, Sexual Communities: The Making of a Homosexual Minority in the United States, 1940–1970 , Chicago : U of Chicago P .
   Google Scholar
• Diamond , Sara . 1989 . Spiritual Warfare: The Politics of the Christian Right , Boston : South End .
   Google Scholar
• Dobson , James and Bauer , Gary L. 1990 . Children at Risk: The Battle for the Hearts and Minds of our Kids , Dallas : Word .
   Google Scholar
• Eberly , David . 1992 . “Homophobia, Censorship, and the Arts.” . In Homophobia: How We all Pay the Price. , Edited by: Blumenfeld , Warren J. 205 – 16 . Boston : Beacon .
   Google Scholar
• Edelman , Lee . 1994 . Homographesis: Essays in Gay Literary and Cultural Theory , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Edelman , Murray . 1964 . The Symbolic Uses of Politics , Urbana : U of Illinois P .
   Google Scholar
• Eder , Klaus . 1993 . The New Politics of Class: Social Movements and Cultural Dynamics in Advanced Societies , Newberry Park : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• 1993 . Introduction . Radical America , 24.4 : 2 – 13 . Editors
   Google Scholar
• 1994 . “Notebook.” . New Republic , 14 Nov. : 8 Editors
   Google Scholar
• Entman , Robert M. 1993 . “Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm.” . Journal of Communication , 43.4 : 51 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein , Steven . 1990 . “Gay Politics, Ethnic Identity: The Limits of Social Constructionism.” . In Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy , Edited by: Stein , Edward . 239 – 93 . New York : Garland .
   Google Scholar
• Escoffier , Jeffrey . 1992 . “Generations and Paradigms: Mainstreams in Lesbian and Gay Studies.” . Journal of Homosexuality , 24.1–2 : 7 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Fairclough , Norman . 1992 . Discourse and Social Change , Cambridge : Polity .
   Google Scholar
• Falwell , Jerry . 1980 . Listen America! , New York : Bantam .
   Google Scholar
• Family Research Institute . July‐August 1994 . Family Research Report. July‐August , 2 – 3 .
   Google Scholar
• Fight the Right Project Staff . 1994 . The Record on Gay‐Related Referenda Questions , Washington : National Gay and Lesbian Task Force .
   Google Scholar
• Fischli , Ronald D. 1981 . “Religious Fundamentalism and the Democratic Process.” . In Gayspeak: Gay Male & Lesbian Communication. , Edited by: Chesebro , James W. 303 – 13 . New York : Pilgrim .
   Google Scholar
• Fiske , John . 1992 . “British Cultural Studies and Television.” . In Channels of Discourse, Reassembled , 2nd ed. , Edited by: Allen , Robert C. 284 – 326 . Chapel Hill : U of North Carolina P .
   Google Scholar
• Fuss , Diana . 1991 . “Inside/Out.” . In Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories. , Edited by: Fuss , Diana . 1 – 10 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Gamson , William A. 1992 . “The Social Psychology of Collective Action.” . In Frontiers in Social Movement Theory. , Edited by: Morris , Aldon D. and Mueller , Carol McClurg . 53 – 76 . New Haven : Yale UP .
   Google Scholar
• Gamson , William A. and Modigliani , Andre . 1989 . “Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power: A Constructionist Approach.” . American Journal of Sociology , 95 : 1 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 1993 . Gay Rights, Special Rights: Inside the Homosexual Agenda. , Jeremiah Films . Videocassette
   Google Scholar
• Gitlin , Todd . 1980 . The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left , Berkeley : U of California P .
   Google Scholar
• Goodman , Gerre , Lakey , George , Lashof , Judy and Thorne , Erika . 1983 . No Turning Back: Lesbian and Gay Liberation for the ‘80s , Philadelphia : New Society .
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg , David F. 1988 . The Construction of Homosexuality , Chicago : U of Chicago P .
   Google Scholar
• Gross , Larry . 1993 . Contested Closets: The Politics and Ethics of Outing , Minneapolis : U of Minnesota P .
   Google Scholar
• Hall , Stuart . 1993 . “Deviance, Politics, and the Media.” . In The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader. , Edited by: Abelove , Henry , Barale , Michele A. and Halperin , David M. 62 – 90 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Halperin , David M. 1990 . One Hundred Years of Homosexuality: And Other Essays on Greek Love , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Hardacre , Helen . 1993 . “The Impact of Fundamentalism on Women, The Family, and Interpersonal Relations.” . In Fundamentalism and Society: Reclaiming the Sciences, the Family, and Education. , Edited by: Marty , Martin E. and Appleby , Scott . 129 – 50 . Chicago : U of Chicago P .
   Google Scholar
• Hawley , John S. and Proudfoot , Wayne . 1994 . “Introduction.” . In Fundamentalism and Gender. , Edited by: Hawley , John Stratton . 3 – 44 . New York : Oxford UP .
   Google Scholar
• Heinz , Donald . 1983 . “The Struggle to Define America.” . In The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation. , Edited by: Liebman , Robert C. and Wuthnow , Robert . 133 – 48 . Hawthorne, NY : Aldine .
   Google Scholar
• Herman , Didi . 1994 . Rights of Passage: Struggles for Lesbian and Gay Legal Equality , Toronto : U of Toronto P .
   Google Scholar
• Herrell , Richard K. 1993 . “The Symbolic Strategies of Chicago's Gay and Lesbian Pride Day Parade.” . In Gay Culture in America: Essays from the Field. , Edited by: Herdt , Gilbert . Boston : Beacon .
   Google Scholar
• Himmelstein , Jerome L. 1983 . “The New Right” . In The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation. , Edited by: Liebman , Robert C. and Wuthnow , Robert . 13 – 30 . Hawthorne, NY : Aldine .
   Google Scholar
• Himmelstein , Jerome L. 1990 . To the Right: The Transformation of American Conservatism , Berkeley : U of California P .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , James Davison . 1994 . Before the Shooting Begins: Searching for Democracy in America's Culture War , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , James Davison . 1991 . Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Hunter , James Davison . 1987 . Evangelicalism: The Coming Generation , Chicago : U of Chicago P .
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs , Andrew M. 1993 . “The Rhetorical Construction of Rights: The Case of the Gay Rights Movement, 1969–1991.” . Nebraska Law Review , 72 : 723 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , Stanton L. 1993 . “The Loving Opposition: Speaking the Truth in a Climate of Hate.” . Christianity Today , 19 July : 18 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Kauffman , L. A. 1990 . “The Anti‐Politics of Identity.” . Socialist Review , 20 : 67 – 80 .
   Google Scholar
• Kazin , Michael . 1995 . The Populist Persuasion: An American History , New York : Basic .
   Google Scholar
• Kimmel , Michael S. 1993 . “Sexual Balkanization: Gender and Sexuality as the New Ethnicities.” . Social Research , 60 : 571 – 87 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirk , Marshall and Madsen , Hunter . 1989 . After the Ball: How America Will Conquer Its Fear and Hatred of Gays in the ‘90s , New York : Doubleday .
   Google Scholar
• Kitzinger , Celia . 1987 . The Social Construction of Lesbianism , London : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Klatch , Rebecca . 1987 . Women of the New Right , Philadelphia : Temple UP .
   Google Scholar
• LaHaye , Tim . 1982 . The Battle for the Family , Old Tappan : Revelle .
   Google Scholar
• LaHaye , Tim . 1980 . The Battle for the Mind , Old Tappan : Revelle .
   Google Scholar
• LaHaye , Tim . 1978 . The Unhappy Gays: What Everyone Should Know About Homosexuality , Wheaton : Tyndale .
   Google Scholar
• Lake , Randall A. 1984 . “Order and Disorder in Anti‐Abortion Rhetoric: A Logological View.” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 70 : 425 – 33 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakoff , George . 1996 . Moral politics: What Conservatives Know That Liberals Don't , Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Licata , Salvatore J. 1981 . “The Homosexual Rights Movement in the United States: A Traditionally Overlooked Area of American History.” . In Historical Perspectives on Homosexuality. , Edited by: Licata , Salvatore J. and Peterson , Robert P. 161 – 89 . New York : Haworth .
   Google Scholar
• Lienesch , Michael . 1993 . Redeeming America: Piety and Politics in the New Christian Right , Chapel Hill : U of North Carolina P .
   Google Scholar
• Lipset , Seymour Martin and Raab , Earl . 1970 . The Politics of Unreason: Right Wing Extremism in America, 1790–1970 , New York : Harper .
   Google Scholar
• Lyotard , Jean‐Francois . 1984 . The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge , Minneapolis : U of Minnesota P .
   Google Scholar
• Marty , Martin E. 1984 . “Fundamentalism as a Social Phenomenon.” . In Evangelicalism and Modern America. , Edited by: Marsden , George . 56 – 68 . Grand Rapids : Eerdmans .
   Google Scholar
• Marty , Martin E. and Appleby , Scott . 1993 . “Introduction: A Sacred Cosmos.” . In Fundamentalisms and Society: Reclaiming the Sciences, the Family, and Education , Edited by: Marty , Martin E. and Appleby , Scott . 1 – 19 . Chicago : U of Chicago P .
   Google Scholar
• Mathews , Donald G. and De Hart , Jane Sherron . 1990 . Sex, Gender, and the Politics of ERA: A State and the Nation , New York : Oxford UP .
   Google Scholar
• Medhurst , Martin J. 1982 . “The First Amendment vs. Human Rights: A Case Study in Community Sentiment and Argument from Definition.” . Western Journal of Speech Communication , 46 : 1 – 19 .
   Google Scholar
• Melucci , Alberto . 1985 . “The Symbolic Challenge of Contemporary Movements.” . Social Research , 52 : 781 – 816 .
   Google Scholar
• Moen , Matthew C. 1992 . “The Christian Right in the United States.” . In The Religious Challenge to the State. , Edited by: Moen , Matthew C. and Gustafson , Lowell S. 75 – 101 . Philadelphia : Temple UP .
   Google Scholar
• Mohr , Richard D. 1992 . Gay Ideas: Outing and Other Controversies , Boston : Beacon .
   Google Scholar
• Mohr , Richard D. 1988 . Gays/Justice: A Study of Ethics, Society and the Law , New York : Columbia UP .
   Google Scholar
• Mohr , Richard D. 1995 . “Perils of Postmodernism.” . Harvard Gay & Lesbian Review , 2.4 : 9 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Moran , Les . 1989 . “Sexual Fix, Sexual Surveillance: Homosexual in Law.” . In Coming on Strong: Gay Politics and Culture. , Edited by: Shepherd , Simon and Wallis , Mick . 180 – 97 . London : Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• Mueller , Carol McClurg . 1992 . “Building Movement Theory.” . In Frontiers in Social Movement Theory. , Edited by: Morris , Aldon D. and Mueller , Carol McClurg . 3 – 25 . New Haven : Yale UP .
   Google Scholar
• Nava , Michael and Dawidoff , Robert . 1994 . Why Gay Rights Matter to America , New York : St. Martin's .
   Google Scholar
• Neuhaus , Richard John . 1984 . The Naked Public Square: Religion and Democracy in America , Grand Rapids : Eerdmans .
   Google Scholar
• Niebuhr , Gustav . 1996 . “Baptists Censure Disney on Gay‐Spouse Benefits.” . New York Times , 13 June : A10 natl. ed.
   Google Scholar
• Oberschall , Anthony . 1993 . Social Movements: Ideologies, Interests and Identities , New Brunswick : Transaction .
   Google Scholar
• Olson , Kathryn M. and Goodnight , G. Thomas . 1994 . “Entanglements of Consumption, Cruelty, Privacy, and Fashion: The Social Controversy over Fur.” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 80 : 249 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padgug , Robert A. 1989 . “Gay Villain, Gay Hero: Homosexuality and the Social Construction of AIDS.” . In Passion and Power: Sexuality in History. , Edited by: Peiss , Kathy and Simmons , Christina . Philadelphia : Temple UP .
   Google Scholar
• Padgug , Robert A. 1990 . “Sexual Matters: On Conceptualizing Sexuality in History.” . In Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Construclionist Position. , Edited by: Stein , Edward . 43 – 67 . New York : Garland .
   Google Scholar
• Pearce , W. Barnett . 1989 . Communication and the Human Condition , Carbondale : Southern Illinois UP .
   Google Scholar
• Peiss , Kathy and Simmons , Christina . 1989 . “Passion and Power: An Introduction.” . In Passion and Power: Sexuality in History. , Edited by: Peiss , Kathy and Simmons , Christina . Philadelphia : Temple UP .
   Google Scholar
• Phelan , Shane . 1989 . Identity Politics: Lesbian Feminism and the Limits of Community , Philadelphia : Temple UP .
   Google Scholar
• Plummer , Kenneth . 1975 . Sexual Stigma: An Interactionist Account , London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Rabinow , Paul and Sullivan , William M. 1987 . “The Interpretive Turn: A Second Look.” . In Interpretive Social Science: A Second Look. , Edited by: Rabinow , Paul and Sullivan , William M. Berkeley : U of California P .
   Google Scholar
• Railsback , Celeste Condit . 1984 . “The Contemporary American Abortion Controversy: Stages in the Argument.” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 70 : 410 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed , Ralph . 1996 . Active Faith: How Christians Are Changing the Soul of American Politics , New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Reed , Ralph . 1994 . Politically Incorrect: The Emerging Faith Factor in American Politics , Dallas : Word .
   Google Scholar
• Reed , T.V. 1992 . Fifteen Jugglers, Five Believers: Literary Politics and the Poetics of American Social Movements , Berkeley : U of California P .
   Google Scholar
• Rees , Matthew . 1992 . “Homocons: The March of the Pink Elephants.” . New Republic , 8 June : 30 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Religious Right Then and Now. Prod. People for the American Way. Videocassette. 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Rich , Frank . 1996 . “Bashing to Victory.” . New York Times , 14 February : A15 natl. ed.
   Google Scholar
• Rich , Frank . 1995 . “Breach of Faith.” . New York Times , 28 May : E11 natl. ed.
   Google Scholar
• Riggle , Ellen D. and Ellis , Alan L. 1994 . “Political Tolerance of Homosexuals: The Role of Group Attitudes and Legal Principles.” . Journal of Homosexuality , 26.4 : 135 – 47 .
   Google Scholar
• Rofes , Eric . 1996 . Reviving the Tribe: Regenerating Gay Men's Sexuality and Culture in the Ongoing Epidemic , New York : Harrington Park .
   Google Scholar
• Rorty , Richard . 1989 . Contingency, Irony, and Solidarity , Cambridge : Cambridge UP .
   Google Scholar
• Rosenau , Pauline Marie . 1992 . Post‐Modernism and the Social Sciences: Insights, Inroads, and Intrusions , Princeton : Princeton UP .
   Google Scholar
• Rubin , Gayle S. 1993 . “Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality.” . In The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader. , Edited by: Abelove , Henry , Barale , Michele A. and Halperin , David M. 3 – 44 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Rueda , Enrique . 1982 . The Homosexual Network: Private Lives and Public Policy , Old Greenwich : Devin Adair .
   Google Scholar
• Ruse , Michael . 1988 . Homosexuality: A Philosophical Inquiry , New York : Blackwell .
   Google Scholar
• Scalia , Anthony . 1996 . “Dissent.” Romer v. Evans . Supreme Court Reporter , 116.16 : 1629 – 37 .
   Google Scholar
• Schacter , Jane S. 1994 . “The Gay Civil Rights Debate in the States: Decoding the Discourse of Equivalents.” . Harvard Civil Rights & Civil Liberties Review , 29.2 : 283 – 317 .
   Google Scholar
• Schaeffer , Francis A. 1982 . A Christian Manifesto, , rev. Ed. , Westchester : Crossways .
   Google Scholar
• Schulman , Sarah . 1994 . My American History: Lesbian and Gay Life During the Reagan/Bush Years , New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , Alan . 1990 . Ideology and the New Social Movements , London : Unwin Hyman .
   Google Scholar
• Seidman , Steven . 1993 . “Identity and Politics in a ‘Postmodern’ Gay Culture: Some Historical and Conceptual Notes.” . In Fear of a Queer Planet: Queer Politics and Social Theory. , Edited by: Warner , Michael . 105 – 142 . Minneapolis : U of Minnesota P .
   Google Scholar
• Shilts , Randy . 1993 . Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the U.S. Military , New York : St. Martin's .
   Google Scholar
• Siegel , Paul . 1991 . “Lesbian and Gay Rights as a Free Speech Issue: A Review of Relevant Caselaw.” . Journal of Homosexuality , 21.1–2 : 203 – 59 .
   Google Scholar
• Signorile , Michaelangelo . 1993 . Queer in America: Sex, Sin, the Media and the Closets of Power , New York : Random .
   Google Scholar
• Simpson , John H. 1992 . “Fundamentalism in America Revisited: The Fading of Modernity as a Source of Symbolic Capital.” . In Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective: Revival of Religious Fundamentalism in East and West. , Edited by: Misztal , Bronislaw and Shupe , Anson . 10 – 27 . Westport : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Simpson , John H. 1983 . “Moral Issues and Status Politics.” . In The New Christian Right: Mobilization and Legitimation. , Edited by: Liebman , Robert C. and Wuthnow , Robert . 187 – 205 . Hawthorne, NY : Aldine .
   Google Scholar
• Slagle , R. Anthony . 1995 . “In Defense of Queer Nation: From Identity Politics to a Politics of Difference.” . Western Journal of Communication , 59 : 85 – 102 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow , David A. , Rockford , E. Burke , Worden , Steve K. and Renford , Robert D. 1986 . “Frame Alignment Processes, Micro‐Mobilization and Movement Participation.” . American Sociological Review , 51 : 464 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Snow , David A. and Benford , Robert D. 1992 . “Master Frames and Cycles of Protest.” . In Frontiers in Social Movement Theory. , Edited by: Morris , Aldon D. and Mueller , Carol McClurg . New Haven : Yale UP .
   Google Scholar
• Solomon , Martha . 1993 . “The Things We Study: Texts and Their Interaction.” . Communication Monographs , 60 : 62 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein , Edward . 1990 . “ Conclusion ” . In Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy. , Edited by: Stein , Edward . 325 – 53 . New York : Garland .
   Google Scholar
• Stein , Edward . 1990 . “ Introduction ” . In Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy. , Edited by: Stein , Edward . 3 – 9 . New York : Garland .
   Google Scholar
• Stewart , Charles J. , Smith , Craig Allen and Denton , Robert E. Jr. 1994 . Persuasion and Social Movements. , 3rd ed. , Prospect Heights : Waveland .
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan , Andrew . 1995 . Virtually Normal: An Argument about Homosexuality , New York : Knopf .
   Google Scholar
• Swidler , Ann . 1986 . “Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies.” . American Sociological Review , 51 : 273 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarrow , Sidney . 1994 . Power in Movement: Social Movements, Collective Action and Politics , New York : Cambridge UP .
   Google Scholar
• Taylor , Charles A. 1992 . “Of Audience, Expertise and Authority: The Evolving Creationism Debate.” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 78 : 277 – 95 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor , Verta and Whittier , Nancy E. 1992 . “Collective Identity in Social Movement Communities: Lesbian Feminist Mobilization.” . In Frontiers in Social Movement Theory. , Edited by: Morris , Aldon D. and Mueller , Carol McClurg . 104 – 30 . New Haven : Yale UP .
   Google Scholar
• Tilly , Charles . 1978 . From Mobilization to Revolution , Reading : Addison‐Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Vaid , Urvashi . 1995 . Virtual Equality: The Mainstreaming of Gay & Lesbian Liberation , New York : Anchor .
   Google Scholar
• Wald , Kenneth D. 1992 . Religion and Politics in the United States. , 2nd ed. , Washington : Congressional Quarterly .
   Google Scholar
• Watney , Simon . 1991 . “School's Out.” . In Inside/Out: Lesbian Theories, Gay Theories. , Edited by: Fuss , Diana . 387 – 401 . New York : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Weeks , Jeffrey . 1977 . Coming Out: Homosexual Politics in Britain, From the Nineteenth Century to the Present , London : Quartet .
   Google Scholar
• Weeks , Jeffrey . 1981 . Sex, Politics and Society: The Regulation of Sexuality Since 1800 , New York : Longmans .
   Google Scholar
• Weinrich , James . 1990 . “Reality or Social Construction.” . In Forms of Desire: Sexual Orientation and the Social Constructionist Controversy. , Edited by: Stein , Edward . 175 – 208 . New York : Garland .
   Google Scholar
• Weston , Kath . 1991 . Families We Choose: Lesbians, Gays, and Kinship , New York : Columbia UP .
   Google Scholar
• White , Mel . 1994 . Strangers at the Gate: To Be Gay and Christian in America , New York : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Wilcox , Clyde . 1992 . God's Warriors: The Christian Right in Twentieth‐Century America. , Baltimore : Johns Hopkins UP .
   Google Scholar
• Wuthnow , Robert . 1994 . Producing the Sacred: An Essay on Public Religion , Urbana : U of Illinois P .
   Google Scholar
• Young , Allen . 1972 . “Out of the Closets, Into the Streets.” . In Out of the Closets: Voices of Gay Liberation. , Edited by: Karlajay and Young , Allen . 6 – 31 . New York : Douglas .
   Google Scholar