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Original Articles

A reexamination of Edmund Burke's rhetorical art: A rhetorical struggle between prudence and heroism

Pages 332-350 | Published online: 05 Jun 2009

Notes

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  • Bryant , Donald G. 1933 . “Edmund Burke on Oratory,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 19 : 3
  • Kirk , Russell . 1986 . “Why Edmund Burke is Studied,” . Modem Age , 30 : 243
  • Prior , James . 1872 . Life of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke , 493 London : Bell and Daldy .
  • Hubbard , Elbert . 1907 . Little Journeys to the Homes of Eminent Orators , 272 New York : G.P. Putnam's Sons .
  • De Quincey , Thomas . 1967 . Selected Essays on Rhetoric by Thomas De Quincey, , Edited by: Burwick , Frederick . 114 – 15 . Carbondale : Southern Illinois UP .
  • Depew , Chaucey M. , Dole , Nathan Haskell , Ticknor , Caroline and Quinn , Thomas Charles , eds. 1902 . The Library of Oratory: Ancient and Modern: With Critical Studies of the World's Great Orators by Eminent Essayists , 344 New York : A.L. Fowle .
  • McCarthy , Justin and McCarthy , Justin Huntly . 1901 . A History of the Four Georges and of William IV , 138 London : Chatto & Windus .
  • O'Brien , Conor Cruise . 1992 . The Great Melody: A Thematic Biography of Edmund Burke , 336 Chicago : U of Chicago P .
  • Edmund Burke . 10 Dec. 1965 . “To Philip Francis,” . In The Correspondence of Edmund Burke, , gen. ed. , Edited by: Copeland , Thomas . vol. 5 , 10 Dec. , 241 Cambridge : U of Chicago P . 1785
  • Ayling , Stanley . 1988 . Edmund Burke: His Life and Opinions , 253 New York : St. Martin's P .
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  • Bryant , Donald . 1966 . “Edmund Burke: The New Images 1966,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 52 : 333
  • Bryant . “Edmund Burke: New Images” . 334
  • Browne , Stephen H. 1993 . Edmund Burke and the Discourse of Virtue , 2 121 Tuscaloosa : U of Alabama P .
  • Bryant , Donald C. 1939 . "Some Notes on Burke's Speeches and Writings,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 25 : 407
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  • Kahn , Victoria . 1985 . Rhetoric, Prudence and Skepticism in the Renaissance , Ithaca : Cornell UP .
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  • Aristotle . 1926 . Nichomachean Ethics, , Edited by: Rackham , H. Vol. VI. iv , 2 Cambridge : Harvard UP .
  • Garver , Eugene . Aristotle's Rhetoric 24 – 44 .
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  • Burke , Kenneth . 1969 . A Rhetoric of Motives , 56 Berkeley : U of California P .
  • Garver . Machiavelli 7
  • James , WilIiam . 1967 . “What Pragmatism Means,” . In The Writings of William James: A Comprehensive Edition, , Edited by: McDermott , John J. 387 Chicago : U of Chicago P .
  • Garver . Machiavelli 7
  • Burke , Edmund . Nov. 1789 . “To Charles Jean‐François Depont,” . In Correspondence vol. 6 , Nov. , 48
  • Burke , Edmund . 8 Oct. 1777 . “To Charles James Fox,” . In Correspondence vol. 3 , 8 Oct. , 383
  • Burke , Edmund . “To Charles Fox” . 384
  • Burke , Edmund . 21 Aug. 1769 . “To Thomas Whately,” . In Correspondence, vol. 2 , 21 Aug. , 56
  • Sutherland , Lucy S. , ed. Correspondence vol. 2 , 57
  • Burke , Edmund . 13 Aug. 1769 . “To the Marquess of Rockingham,” . In Correspondence, vol. 2 , 13 Aug. , 54
  • Burke , Edmund . 6 Sept. 1769 . “To the Marquess of Rockingham,” . In Correspondence vol. 2 , 6 Sept. , 73
  • Becker , Ernest . 1973 . The Denial of Death , 6 New York : The Free Press .
  • Burke , Edmund . “Speech on Fox's India Bill,” . In Writings and Speeches vol. 5 , 449
  • Burke , Edmund . “Present Discontents” . 253
  • Burke , Edmund . 6 April 1774 . “To the Committee of Correspondence of the General Assembly of New York,” . In Correspondence, vol. 2 , 6 April , 528
  • Power , T.P. 1990 . Endurance and Emergence, Catholics in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century , 100 – 127 . Dublin : Irish Academic P .
  • Burke , Edmund . “Speech on American Taxation,” . In Writings and Speeches vol. 2 , 453
  • Burke , Edmund . 1899 . “An Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs in Consequence of some Later discussions in Parliament‐Relative to the Reflections on the French Revolution,” . In The Works of Edmund Burke , vol. 4 , 92 London : Nimmo .
  • Edmund Burke . 1 Oct. 1771 . “To William Baker,” . In Correspondence vol. 2 , 1 Oct. , 243
  • Burke , Edmund . 15 Nov. 1772 . “To the Duke of Richmond,” . In Correspondence, vol. 2 , 15 Nov. , 377
  • Burke , Edmund . 14 Sept. 1775 . “To the Marquess of Rockingham,” . In Correspondence, vol. 3 , 14 Sept. , 208
  • Burke , Edmund . 9 May 1779 . “To the Marquess of Rockingham,” . In Conespondence Vol. 4 , 9 May , 71
  • Burke , Edmund . 7, 10 Jan. 1773 . “To the Marquess of Rockingham,” . In Correspondence, vol. 2 , 7, 10 Jan. , 406 – 7 .
  • Langford , Paul . “ introduction ” . In Writings and Speeches, vol. 2 , 9
  • Woods , John . “ introduction ” . In Correspondence vol. 4 , xiii
  • Gillies , John . 1837 . Memoirs of the Rev. George Whitefield, Revised and Corrected with Large Additions and Improvements, to which is appended an extensive Collection of his Sermons and other Writings , 383 Middleton : Hunt & Noyes .
  • Burke , Edmund . 1816 . The Speeches of the Right Honourable Edmund Burke, in the House of Commons, and in Westminster Hall, , vol. 2 , 179 – 80 . London : Longman .
  • De Bruyn , Frans . 1987 . “Edmund Burke's Gothic Romance: The Portrayal of Warren Hastings in Burke's Writings and Speeches on India,” . Criticism , 29 : 415 – 38 .
  • Burke , Edmund . 21 May 1770 . “To Charles O'Hara,” . In Correspondence, vol. 2 , 21 May , 139
  • Burke , Edmund . 7, 11 Nov. 1773 . “To the Marquess of Rockingham,” . In Correspondence, vol. 2 , 7, 11 Nov. , 484
  • Burke . 1777 . “To Fox,” . 8 Oct. : 384
  • Burke , Edmund . 13 July 1782 . “To Lord John Cavendish,” . In Correspondence, vol. 5 , 13 July , 17
  • Garver . Machiavelli 94
  • Edmund Burke . 12 Mar. 1744/45 . “To Richard Shackleton,” . In Correspondence, vol. 1 , 12 Mar. , 46
  • Burke , Edmund . 5 Mar. 1744/45 . “To Richard Shackleton,” . In Correspondence, vol. 1 , 5 Mar. , 45
  • Burke . 1744/1745 . “To Shackleton” . 5 Mar. : 45 – 46 .
  • Burke . 1744/1745 . “To Shackleton” . 12 Mar. : 46 – 47 .
  • Burke . 1744/1745 . “To Shackleton” . 5 Mar. : 44 – 45 .
  • Garver . Machiavelli 148
  • Burke , Edmund . 9 Aug. 1789 . “To the Earl of Charlemont,” . In Correspondence, vol. 6 , 9 Aug. , 10
  • Underdown , P.T. 1958 . “Henry Cruger and Edmund Burke: Colleagues and Rivals at the Bristol Election of 1774,” . William and Mary Quarterly , 15 : 24
  • Weare , G.E. 1894 . Edmund Burke's Connection with Bristol, from 1774 till 1780 , 73 Bristol : William Bennett .
  • Burke , Edmund . 5 Jan. 1775 . “To Richard Champion,” . In Correspondence, vol. 3 , 5 Jan. , 87
  • Champion , Richard . 2 Mar. 1775 . “To Edmund and Jane Burke,” . In Correspondence, vol. 3 , 2 Mar. , 125
  • Guttridge , George H. , ed. Correspondence, vol. 3 , 125
  • Champion . “To Burke” . 125
  • Burke , Edmund . 3 Sept. 1780 . “To the Duke of Portland,” . In Correspondence, vol. 4 , 3 Sept. , 266 – 75 .
  • Burke , Edmund . 13 Apr. 1775 . “To Thomas Mullett,” . In Correspondence, vol. 3 , 13 Apr. , 147
  • Mullett , Thomas . 14 Apr. 1775 . “To Edmund Burke,” . In Correspondence, vol. 3 , 14 Apr. , 148
  • Burke . “To Mullett” . 147
  • Burke . “To Mullett” . 147 – 48 .
  • Burke . “To Mullett” . 148
  • Garver . Machiavelli 162 – 63 .
  • Mullett , Thomas . 15 Apr. 1775 . “To Edmund Burke,” . In Correspondence, vol. 3 , 15 Apr. , 151
  • Burke , Edmund . 21 Jan. 1777 . “To Richard Champion,” . In Correspondence, vol. 3 , 21 Jan. , 320
  • Burke , Edmund . 26 Sept. 1775 . “To the Duke of Richmond,” . In Correspondence, vol. 3 , 26 Sept. , 219
  • Burke , Edmund . 20 Oct. 1775 . “To Richard Champion,” . In Correspondence, vol. 3 , 20 Oct. , 232 – 33 .
  • Burke , Edmund . 11 Oct. 1775 . “To Thomas Hayes,” . In Correspondence, vol. 3 , 11 Oct. , 229 – 30 .
  • Burke , Edmund . 1775 . “To Champion,” . 20 Oct. : 232
  • Burke , Edmund . 1877 . Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol, on the Affairs of America, The Works of the Right Honorable Edmund Burke, , 5th ed. , vol. 2 , 206 Boston : Little, Brown, and Co. .
  • Burke , Edmund . 3 Apr. 1777 . “To Richard Champion,” . In Correspondence, vol. 3 , 3 Apr. , 333
  • Christie , Ian R. 1955 . “Henry Cruger and the End of Edmund Burke's Connection with Bristol,” . Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society , 74 : 158 161
  • Burke , Edmund . 3 Sept. 1780 . “To the Duke of Portland,” . In Correspondence, vol. 4 , 3 Sept. , 272
  • Burke , Edmund . 3 Jan. 1790 . “To Sir Gilbert Elliott,” . In Correspondence, vol. 6 , 3 Jan. , 63
  • Burke , Edmund . 24 Dec. 1782 . “To General John Burgoyne,” . In Correspondence, vol. 5 , 24 Dec. , 57
  • Burke , Edmund . 21 Nov. 1787 . “To Richard Burke Sr.,” . In Correspondence, vol. 5 , 21 Nov. , 360
  • Burke , Edmund . 27 Oct. 1772 . “To William Dowdeswell,” . In Correspondence, vol. 2 , 27 Oct. , 349 – 352 .
  • Burke , Edmund . 29 Sept. 1773 . “To the Marquess of Rockingham,” . In Correspondence, vol. 2 , 29 Sept. , 464 – 471 .
  • Burke , Edmund . 23 Aug. 1775 . “To the Marquess of Rockingham,” . In Correspondence, vol. 3 , 23 Aug. , 189 – 196 .
  • Burke , Edmund . 16 Jan. 1780 . “To the Duke of Portland,” . In Correspondence vol. 4 , 16 Jan. , 196 – 198 .
  • Weaver , Bruce J. 1981 . “Debate and the Destruction of Friendship: An Analysis of Fox and Burke on the French Revolution,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 67 : 57 – 68 .
  • Burke , Edmund . 24 Jan. 1789 . “To William Windham,” . In Correspondence, vol. 5 , 24 Jan. , 440
  • Burke . “To Windham” . 440
  • Burke . “To Windham” . 440
  • Cobbett , William . 1806–20 . The Parliamentary History of England from the Earliest Period to the Year 1803, , vol. 27 , 1026 – 37 . London : T.C. Hansard .
  • Burke , Kenneth . 1961 . The Rhetoric of Religion: Studies in Logology , 294 Berkeley : U of California P .
  • Burke . 1744/45 . “To Shackleton” . 12 Mar. : 46 – 47 .
  • Burke , Edmund . Speech on Almas Ali Khan, Writings and Speeches, vol. 5 , 475
  • Burke . Almas Ali Khan 468
  • Burke . Almas Ali Khan 472
  • Boswell , James . 1928–1934 . Private Papers of James Boswell from Malahide Castle, , Edited by: Scott , Geoffrey . vol. 6 , 83 Mount Vernon : W.E. Rudge .
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  • McDowell , R.B. , ed. Correspondence, vol. 8 , 335
  • Boswell , James . 1914 . Boswell's Life of Johnson, , Edited by: Morris , Mowbray . vol. 2 , 233 – 234 . New York : Thomas Y. Crowell .
  • Burke , William . 23, 26, 28 Sept. 1780 . “To the Duke of Portland,” . In Correspondence, vol. 4 , 23, 26, 28 Sept. , 292
  • The Marchioness of Rockingham . 17 Sept. 1780 . “To Edmund Burke,” . In Correspondence, vol. 4 , 17 Sept. , 285
  • Golden , James L. , Berquist , Goodwin F. and Coleman , William E. 1992 . The Rhetoric of Western Thought, , 5th ed. , 122 Dubuque : Kendall/Hunt .
  • Browne . Discourse of Virtue 123
  • Parliamentary History vol. 22 , 1224
  • Burke , Edmund . 16 Sept. 1769 . “To James Barry,” . In Correspondence, vol. 2 , 16 Sept. , 82
  • Burke , Edmund . Speech on Townshend Duties, Writings and Speeches, vol. 2 , 61 – 64 .

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