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Original Articles

Liabilities of language: Audre Lorde reclaiming difference

Pages 448-470 | Published online: 05 Jun 2009

Endnotes

  • Lorde , Audre . 1997 . “Who Said It Was Simple,” . In The Collected Poems of Audre Lorde , 92 New York : Norton .
  • Zaeske , Susan . 1995 . “The ‘Promiscuous Audience’ Controversy and the Emergence of the Early Woman's Rights Movement,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 81 : 191 – 208 .
  • Darsey , James . 1994 . "Die Non: Gay Liberation and the Rhetoric of Pure Tolerance,” . In Queer Words, Queer Images: Communication and the Construction of Homosexuality , Edited by: Ringer , R. Jeffrey . 45 New York : New York UP .
  • Davis , Ossie . 1972 . “The English Language Is My Enemy,” . In Language, Communication, and Rhetoric in Black America , 49 – 57 . New York : Harper .
  • Lorde , Audre . 1984 . “The Transformation of Silence into Language and Action,” . In Sister Outsider: Essays & Speeches by Audre Lorde , 43 – 44 . Freedom, CA : Crossings .
  • Olson , Lester C. 1997 . “On the Margins of Rhetoric: Audre Lorde Transforming Silence into Language and Action,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 83 : 49 – 70 .
  • Lorde . “Transformation of Silence,” . Sister Outsider , 43
  • Lorde , Audre . “An Open Letter to Mary Daly,” . Sister Outsider , 66
  • Lorde , Audre . “The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle The Master's House,” . Sister Outsider , 110 – 112 .
  • Lorde , Audre . “Age, Race, Class, Sex: Women Redefining Difference,” . Sister Outsider , 114 – 123 .
  • Minow , Martha . 1987 . “Justice Engendered,” . Harvard Law Review , 101.1 : 13
  • 1980 . Amherst Student , April 3
  • Lorde . “Age, Race, Class, Sex,” . Sister Outsider , 114 – 123 .
  • Lorde . “Transformation of Silence,” . Sister Outsider , 43
  • Rich , Adrienne . 1986 . “If Not with Others, How?” . In Blood, Bread, and Poetry: Selected Prose, 1979–1985 , 202 – 209 . New York : Norton .
  • Davis , Angela . 1990 . “Let Us All Rise Together: Radical Perspectives on Empowerment for Afro‐American Women,” . In Women, Culture, & Politics , 3 – 15 . New York : Random House .
  • Reagon , Bernice Johnson . 1983 . “Coalition Politics: Turning the Century,” . In Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology , Edited by: Smith , Barbara . 356 – 368 . New York : Kitchen Table .
  • Spelman , Elizabeth . 1988 . Inessential Woman: Problems of Exclusion in Feminist Thought , Boston : Beacon .
  • Minow , Martha . 1990 . Making All the Difference: Inclusion, Exclusion, and American Law , Ithaca : Cornell UP .
  • Collins , Patricia Hill . 1990 . Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment , New York : Routledge .
  • Gordon , Linda . 1991 . “On ‘Difference’,” . Genders , 10 : 91 – 111 .
  • Collins , Patricia Hill . 1986 . “Learning from the Outsider Within: The Sociological Significance of Black Feminist Thought,” . Social Problems , 33.6 December : 514 – 532 .
  • Collins , Patricia Hill . “Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment,” . In Black Feminist Thought 221 – 238 .
  • Hewitt , Nancy A. 1992 . “Compounding Differences,” . Feminist Studies , 18.2 Summer : 313 – 326 .
  • King , Deborah K. 1988 . “Multiple Jeopardy, Multiple Consciousness: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology,” . Signs , 14.1 : 42 – 72 .
  • Zinn , Maxine Baca and Dill , Bonnie Thornton . 1996 . “Theorizing Difference From Multiracial Feminism,” . Feminist Studies , 22.2 Summer : 321 – 331 .
  • McPhail , Mark . 1991 . “Complicity: The Theory of Negative Difference,” . Howard Journal of Communications , 3.1–2 Summer/Fall : 3
  • Alcoff , Linda . 1991–2 . “The Problem of Speaking for Others,” . Cultural Critique , 20 Winter : 7
  • Awkward , Michael . 1990 . “Negotiations of Power: White Critics, Black Texts, and the Self‐Referential Impulse,” . American Literary History , 2.4 : 581 – 606 .
  • Flores , Lisa A. 1996 . “Creating Discursive Space Through a Rhetoric of Difference: Chicana Feminists Craft a Homeland,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 82 : 142 – 156 .
  • Hull , Gloria . 1989 . “Living on the Line: Audre Lorde and Our Dead Behind Us,” . In Changing Our Own Words: Essays on Criticism, Theory, and Writing by Black Women , Edited by: Wall , Cheryl A. 154 New Brunswick : Rutgers UP .
  • Burke , Kenneth . 1955 . A Rhetoric of Motives , New York : George Braziller .
  • Lorde . “The Transformation of Silence,” . Sister Outsider , 43
  • Lorde . “The Transformation of Silence,” . Sister Outsider , 41
  • Lorde . “The Transformation of Silence,” . Sister Outsider , 43
  • Lorde , Audre . “Poetry Is Not A Luxury,” . Sister Outsider , 37
  • Lorde , Audre . 1980 . The Cancer Journals , 12 – 13 . San Francisco : Spinsters Ink .
  • Lorde . The Collected Poems 234
  • Lorde . The Collected Poems: 220 – 221 . 270 – 272 .
  • Lorde . The Collected Poems , 223 323
  • Annas , Pamela . 1982 . “A Poetry of Survival: Unnaming and Renaming in the Poetry of Audre Lorde, Pat Parker, Sylvia Plath, and Adrienne Rich,” . Colby Library Quarterly , 18 : 23 – 24 .
  • Carr , Brenda . 1993 . “ ‘A Woman Speaks ... I am Woman and Not White’: Politics of Voice, Tactical Essentialism, and Cultural Intervention in Audre Lorde's Activist Poetics and Practice,” . College Literature , 20 : 133 – 153 .
  • Lorde , Audre . “Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power,” . Sister Outsider , 55
  • Lorde . “Master's Tools,” . Sister Outsider , 112
  • Lorde , Audre . “Scratching the Surface: Some Notes on Barriers to Women and Loving,” . Sister Outsider , 45
  • Lorde . “An Interview: Audre Lorde and Adrienne Rich,” . Sister Outsider , 99
  • Lorde . “Sexism: An American Disease in Blackface,” . Sister Outsider , 64
  • Martin , Joan M. 1993 . “The Notion of Difference for Emerging Womanist Ethics: The Writings of Audre Lorde and Bell Hooks,” . Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion , 9 : 44
  • Gagnier , Regenia . 1987 . “Social Atoms: Working‐Class Autobiography, Subjectivity, and Gender,” . Victorian Studies , 30 Spring : 363 n. 52
  • Crosby , Christina . 1992 . “Dealing with Differences,” . In Feminists Theorize the Political , Edited by: Butler , Judith and Scott , Joan W. 137 New York : Roudedge .
  • Riger , Stephanie . 1992 . “Epistemological Debates, Feminist Voices: Science, Social Values, and the Study of Women,” . American Psychologist , 47 : 734
  • Condit , Celeste Michelle and Lucaites , John Louis . 1993 . “Toward Consideration of the Rhetorical Culture of Equality,” . In Crafting Equality: America's Anglo‐African Word , ix Chicago : U of Chicago P .
  • Minow . Making All the Difference 20
  • Minow . “Justice Engendered” . 79
  • Collins . Black Feminist Thought 91
  • Gilligan , Carol and others . 1985 . “Feminist Discourse, Moral Values, and the Law—A Conversation,” . Buffalo Law Review , 34 : 62
  • Alcoff , Linda . 1988 . “Cultural Feminism verses Post‐Structuralism: The Identity Crisis in Feminist Theory,” . Signs , 13 : 413 n. 19
  • Minow . Making All the Difference 50 – 51 . 153
  • Minow . “Justice Engendered” . 14
  • Minow . Making All the Difference 50
  • Collins . Black Feminist Thought 165 194
  • Pavletich , JoAnn and Backus , Margot Gayle . 1994 . “With His Pistol in Her Hand: Rearticulating the Corrido Narrative in Helena Maria Viramontes’ ‘Neighbors’,” . Cultural Critique , 27 Spring : 150 14
  • Spelman . Inessential Woman 1
  • Wilson , Midge and Russell , Kathy . 1996 . Divided Sisters: Bridging the Gap Between Black Women and White Women , 204 New York : Anchor/Doubleday .
  • Carter , Nancy Corson . 1994 . “Claiming the Bittersweet Matrix: Alice Walker, Sandra Cisneros, and Adrienne Rich,” . Critique , 35.4 Summer : 195
  • Minow . “Justice Engendered” . 63 246
  • “Resisting the Matrix of Domination,” . Black Feminist Thought , 229
  • Culpepper , Emily Erwin . 1988 . “New Tools for the Theology: Writings By Women of Color,” . Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion , 4.2 : 42
  • Forman , Murray . 1994 . “ ‘Movin’ Closer To An Independent Funk’: Black Feminist Theory, Standpoint, and Women in Rap,” . Women's Studies , 23 : 50
  • Minow . “Justice Engendered” . 64
  • Minow . Making All the Difference , 232
  • Gaines , Jane . 1988 . “White Privilege and Looking Relations: Race and Gender in Feminist Film Theory,” . Screen , 29.4 : 23
  • Wilson and Russell . Divided Sisters 143 comment on this line
  • Blair , Carole , Brown , Julie R. and Baxter , Leslie A. 1994 . “Disciplining the Feminine,” . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 80 : 399
  • Stein , Arlene . 1992 . “Sisters and Queers: The Decentering of Lesbian Feminism,” . Socialist Review , 22.1 : 45
  • Collins . “Resisting the Matrix of Domination,” . Black Feminist Thought , 229
  • “Outlines,” . The Collected Poems , 366
  • Lorde . “Master's Tools,” . Sister Outsider , 110
  • Hammond , Karla . 1980 . “An Interview with Audre Lorde,” . American Poetry Review , 9.2 : 21
  • Minow . Making All The Difference 112
  • McPhail , Mark Lawrence . 1994 . “The Politics of Complicity: Second Thoughts About the Social Construction of Racial Equality . Quarterly Journal of Speech , 80 : 343 – 357 .
  • Dominguez , Virginia R. 1994 . “A Taste for ‘the Other’: Intellectual Complicity in Racializing Practices,” . Current Anthropology , 35.4 August‐October : 333 – 348 . several commentators’ responses, and the author's reply to the commentators in
  • Mathison , Maureen , McPhail , Mark and Strine , Mary . 1997 . “Forum,” . Communication Theory , 7.2 : 149 – 185 .
  • Vaid , Urvashi . 1995 . Virtual Equality: The Mainstreaming of Gay & Lesbian Liberation , 208 New York : Anchor/Doubleday .

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