Developing Policy for HIV/AIDS in Sport: Separating Fact From Fiction

References

• American Academy of Pediatrics . 1992 . American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement: Human immunodeficiency virus acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the athletic setting . The Physician and Sports Medicine , 20 ( 5 ) : 189 – 191 .
   Google Scholar
• American Medical Society for Sports Medicine and American Academy of Sports Medicine . 1995 . Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other blood-borne pathogens in sports. Joint Position Statement by the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) and the American Academy of Sports Medicine (AASM) . The American Journal of Sports Medicine , 23 : 510 – 514 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , L. S. , Drotman , P. D. , Chu , A. , Brown , C. L. and Knowlan , D. M . 1995 . Bleeding injuries in professional football: Estimating the risk for HiV transmission . Annals of Internal Medicine , 122 ( 4 ) : 271 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabrese , L. H. , Haupt , H. , Hartman , L. and Strauss , R. 1993 . HIV and sports—What is the risk? . The Physician and Sports Medicine , 21 ( 6 ) : 173 – 180 .
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 1994 . HIV counseling, testing and referral: Standards and guidelines. Atlanta , GA : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. .
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 1996 . “ CDC revises HIV infection estimates. ” . In HIV/AIDS Prevention. Atlanta , GA : U. S. Department of Health and Human Service. .
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . June 1998 . Young people at risk—Epidemics/rifts further toward young women and minorities. June , 1 Atlanta , GA : National Center for HIV, STD, & TB Prevention. .
   Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 1999 . Basic statistics—Cumulative cases. Atlanta : Author. . Available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/HIV_AIDS/stats/cumlulat.htm
   Google Scholar
• Florijn , Y. , Voelker , K. and Valley , E. 1995 . “ Sport und HIV infektion [Sport and HIV infection]. ” . In Bundesministerium fuer Gesundheit, Sport und HIV-Infektion Handbuch 123 – 175 . Baden-Baden , , Germany : Nomos. .
   Google Scholar
• Krantz , L. 1992 . What the odds are. New York : Harper Collins. .
   Google Scholar
• LaPerriere , A. , Antoni , M. , Schneidermann , N. , Ironson , G. , Klimas , N. , Caralis , P. and Fletcher , M. A. 1990 . Exercise intervention attenuates emotional distress and natural killer cell decrements following notification of positive serologic status for HIV-1 . Biofeedback and Self-Regulation , 15 : 3
   Google Scholar
• Last , J. 1992 . “ Ethics and public health policy. ” . In Public health and preventive medicine Edited by: Last , J. and Wallace , R. 1187 – 1196 . Norwalk , CT : Appleton & Lange. .
   Google Scholar
• Legg , J. J. and Minkoff , H. S. 1996 . Vertical transmission: Now preventable . Patient Care , 30 ( 9 ) : 160 – 163 .
   Google Scholar
• Lumpkin , A. , Stoll , S. K. and Beller , J. M. 1995 . Sport ethics: Applications for fair play. St. Louis : Mosby. .
   Google Scholar
• McGrew , C. , Dick , R. , Schneidwind , K. and Gikas , P. 1993 . Survey of NCAA institutions concerning HIV/AIDS policies and universal precaution . Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise , 25 : 917 – 921 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison's cavalier attitude worries doctors . August 26 1996 . USA Today August 26 , 16C
   Google Scholar
• National Athletic Trainers Association . 1995 . Blood-borne pathogens: Guidelines for athletic trainers . Journal of Athletic Training , 30 : 203 – 204 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Collegiate Athletic Association . 1993 . NCAA sports medicine handbook. Overland , KS : Author. .
   Google Scholar
• National Easter Seal Society . 1990 . The Americans With Disabilities Act: An easy checklist. Chicago : Author. .
   Google Scholar
• National Easter Seal Society . 1990 . Awareness is the first step [Brochure] Chicago : Author. .
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases . 1994 . HIV infection and AIDS. Bethesda , MD : United States Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. . December 2
   Google Scholar
• Pedersen , B. K. 1999 . “ HIV, exercise, and immune function. ” . In HIV/AIDS in sport: Impact, issues, and challenges. Edited by: Sankaran , G. , Volkwein , K. and Bonsall , D. Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics. .
   Google Scholar
• Quinn , T. 1996 . Global burden of the HIV pandemic . Lancet , 348 July 13 : 99 – 106 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sankaran , G. , Volkwein , K. and Bonsall , D. 1996 . HIV infection: Risk, right to know, and requirement to divulge—Moral reasoning for the athletic trainer . Athletic Therapy Today , 1 ( 3 ) : 49 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Sankaran , G. , Volkwein , K. and Bonsall , D. 1999 . HIV/AIDS in sports: Impact, issues, and challenges. Champaign , IL : Human Kinetics. .
   Google Scholar
• Scott , K. , ed. 1990 . The American with Disabilities Act: An analysis. Silver Springs , MD : Business. .
   Google Scholar
• Stein , J. 1993 . “ The Americans with Disabilities Act: Implications for recreation and leisure. ” . In Leisure opportunities for individuals with disabilities: Legal issues Edited by: Grosse , S. and Thompson , D. 1 – 11 . Reston , VA : American Alliance for Health. Physical Education, Recreation and Dance. .
   Google Scholar
• Thomas , C. 1996 . The HIV athlete: Policy, obligations, and attitudes . Sport Science Review , 5 ( 2 ) : 12 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS . 1998 . Report on the global HIV/AIDS epidemic and >UNAIDS global HIV/AIDS and STD surveillance. Available at <http://www.who.int/emc-HIV/global-reportydata/globrep-e.pdf>
   Google Scholar
• United Press International . August 27 1991 . Attitude towards AIDS victims depends on sexual preference. August 27 , Author. .
   Google Scholar
• Valenti , W. M. 1992 . Early intervention in the management of HIV: A handbook for managed health care professionals. Durham , NC : Burroughs Wellcome Fund. .
   Google Scholar
• Volkwein , K. , Sankaran , G. and Bonsall , D. 1996 . Bleeding wounds and the threat of HIV: The role of athletic trainers . Athletic Therapy Today , 1 ( 1 ) : 38 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization and International Federation of Sports Medicine . 1989 . Consensus statement from consultation on AIDS and sports. Geneva , , Switzerland : Authors. .
   Google Scholar