Reimagining Obesity

References

• Anderson-Fye, E. P. (2004). A “Coca-Cola” shape: Cultural change, body image, and eating disorders in San Andrés, Belize. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 28, 561–595. doi:10.1007/s11013-004-1068-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baier, L. A., Wilczynski, N. L., & Haynes, R. B. (2010). Tackling the growth of the obesity literature: Obesity evidence spreads across many journals. International Journal of Obesity, 34, 1526–1530. doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.268
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett, D. (2007). Waistland: The revolutionary science behind our weight and fitness crisis. New York, NY: W.W. Norton and Company.
   Google Scholar
• Be prepared. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://summit.scouting.org/en/Jamboree2013/Pages/Be-Prepared.aspx
   Google Scholar
• Beal, E. (2013). The pros and cons of designating obesity a disease. American Journal of Nursing, 113, 18–19. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000437102.45737.c7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker, A. E. (2004). Television, disordered eating, and young women in Fiji: Negotiating body image and identity during rapid social change. Culture Medicine and Psychiatry, 28, 533–559. doi:10.1007/s11013-004-1067-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Behzad, B., King, D. M., & Jacobson, S. H. (2013). Quantifying the association between obesity, automobile travel, and caloric intake. Preventive Medicine, 56, 103–106. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.11.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bei-Fan, Z. (2002). Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults: Study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 11, S685–S693. doi:10.1046/j.1440-6047.11.s8.9.x
   Google Scholar
• Bennington De Gonzalez, A., Hartge, P., Cerhan, J. R., Flint, A. J., & Hannan, L. (2010). Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 363, 2211–2219. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1000367
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berger, P. L. (1963). An invitation to sociology: A humanistic perspective. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
   Google Scholar
• Berl, R. P. (2012, August 16). Why we’re so fat: What’s behind the latest obesity rates. U.S. News and World Reports. Retrieved from http://health.usnews.com/health-news/articles/2012/08/16/why-were-so-fat-whats-behind-the-latest-obesity-rates
   Google Scholar
• Bezerra, I. N., Curioni, C., & Sichieri, R. (2012). Association between eating out of home and body weight. Nutrition Reviews, 70, 56–79. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00459.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birchall, J. (2010, January 27). Whole Foods prepares to offer healthier employees deeper staff discounts. Financial Times, 20.
   Google Scholar
• Boero, N. (2012). Killer fat: Media, medicine, and morals in the American “obesity epidemic”. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Boulos, R., Vikre, E. K., Oppenheimer, S., Chang, H., & Kanarek, R. B. (2012). ObesiTV: How television is influencing the obesity epidemic. Physiology & Behavior, 107, 146–153. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.05.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branham, M. (2010). Alabama: It’s not a fat tax; It’s a wellness incentive. Capitol Ideas, 35, 24.
   Google Scholar
• Bray, G. A. (1990). Obesity: Historical development of scientific and cultural ideas. International Journal of Obesity, 14, 909–926.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bray, G. A., & Bouchard, C. (2014). Handbook of obesity: Epidemiology, etiology and physiopathology (3rd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brewis, A. A. (2011). Obesity: Cultural and biocultural perspectives. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, I. (2006). Nurses’ attitudes towards adult patients who are obese: Literature review. Journal of Advance Nursing, 53, 221–232. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03718.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, I., & Flint, S. W. (2013). Weight bias and the training of health professionals to better manage obesity: What do we know and what should we do? Current Obesity Reports, 2, 333–340. doi:10.1007/s13679-013-0070-y
   Google Scholar
• Campos, P. (2004). The obesity myth: Why America’s obsession with weight is hazardous to your health. New York, NY: Gotham Books.
   Google Scholar
• Campos, P., Saguy, A., Ernsberger, P., Olivers, E., & Gaesser, G. (2006). The epidemiology of overweight and obesity: Public health crisis or moral panic? International Journal of Epidemiology, 35, 55–59. doi:10.1093/ije/dyi254
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardinal, B. J., Whitney, A. R., Narimatsu, M., Hubert, N., & Souza, B. J. (2014). Obesity bias in the gym: An under-recognized social justice, diversity, and inclusivity issue. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 85(6), 3–6.
   Google Scholar
• Carson, S. A. (2011). The cliometrics of BMI and obesity. In J. Cawley (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity (pp. 48–59). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cawley, J. (2011). The Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2013a). Adolescent and school health. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm
   Google Scholar
• Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2013b). Leisure-time physical activity. Retrieved from www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/earlyrelease201506_07.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Chambliss, H. O., Finley, C. E., & Blair, S. N. (2004). Attitudes toward obese individuals among exercise science students. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36, 468–474. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000117115.94062.E4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, V. W. (2006). Racial residential segregation and weight status among U.S. adults. Social Science Medicine, 19, 379–387.
   Google Scholar
• Chiu, M., Austin, P. C., Manuel, D. G., Shah, B. F., & Tu, J. V. (2011). Deriving ethic-specific BMI cutoff points for assessing diabetes risk. Diabetes Care, 34, 1741–1748. doi:10.2337/dc10-2300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Church, T. S., Thomas, D. M., Tudor-Locke, C., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Earnest, C. P., Rodarte, R. Q., & Couchard, C. (2011). Trends over 5 decades in U.S. occupation-related physical activity and their associations with obesity. PLoS ONE, 6, e19657. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019657
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, F., Reingold, F. S., & Salles-Jordan, K. (2007). Obesity and occupational therapy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61, 701–703. doi:10.5014/ajot.61.6.701
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clark, F., Reingold, F. S., & Salles-Jordan, K. (2011). Obesity and occupational therapy position paper. American Occupational Therapy Association.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, D. (2014). A big fat crisis: The hidden forces behind the obesity epidemic and how we can end it. New York, NY: Nation.
   Google Scholar
• Connelly, C. (2016). Turns out monkey bars and kickball are good for the brain. NPR. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/01/03/460254858/turns-out-monkey-bars-and-kickball-are-good-for-the-brain
   Google Scholar
• Copp, A. (2011–2012). Ethics and efficacy of fat tax in the form of an insurance surcharge on obese state employees. Quinnipiac Health Law Journal, 15, 1–32.
   Google Scholar
• Cozier, Y. C., Yu, J., Coogan, P. F., Bethea, T. N., Rosenberg, L., & Palmer, J. R. (2014). Racism, segregation, and risk of obesity in the Black Women’s Health Study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 179, 875–883. doi:10.1093/aje/kwu004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crespo, C., Smit, E., Andersen, R., Carter-Pokras, O., & Ainsworth, B. E. (2000). Race/ethnicity, social class and their relation to physical inactivity during leisure time: Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 18, 46–53. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(99)00105-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czerniawski, A. M. (2007). From average to ideal: The evolution of the height and weight table in the United States, 1836–1943. Social Science History, 31, 273–296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dallman, M. F., Pecoraro, N., Akana, S. F., La Fleur, S. E., Gomez, F., Houshyar, H., & Manalo, S. (2003). Chronic stress and obesity: A new view of “comfort food.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the United States of America, 100, 11696–11701. doi:10.1073/pnas.1934666100
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DellaVigna, S., & Malmendier, U. (2006). Paying not to go to the gym. The American Economic Review, 96, 694–719. doi:10.1257/aer.96.3.694
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dietz, W. H. (2004). The effects of physical activity on obesity. Quest, 56, 1–11. doi:10.1080/00336297.2004.10491811
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dimmock, J., Hallett, B., & Grove, R. (2009). Attitudes toward overweight individuals among fitness center employees. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80, 641–647.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eknoyan, G. (2008). Adolphe Quetelet (1796–1874)—The average man and indices of obesity. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 23, 47–51. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfm517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, B., & Colls, R. (2009). Measuring fatness, governing bodies: The spatialities of the body mass index (BMI) in anti-obesity politics. Antipode, 41, 1051–1083. doi:10.1111/anti.2009.41.issue-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finer, N. (2010). Medical consequences of obesity. Medicine, 31, 18–23.
   Google Scholar
• Flegal, K. M. (2006). Commentary: The epidemic of obesity—what’s in a name? International Journal of Epidemiology, 35, 72–74. doi:10.1093/ije/dyi260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, G., Wadden, T., Markis, A., Davidson, D., Sanderson, R., Allison, D., & Kessler, A. (2003). Primary care physicians’ attitudes about obesity and treatment. Obesity Research, 11, 1168–1177. doi:10.1038/oby.2003.161
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fox, M. (2013, May 23). Bring back PE: Exercise should be ‘core’ class, report says,” NBC News. Retrieved from http://www.today.com/health/bring-back-pe-exercise-should-be-core-class-report-says-6C10042734
   Google Scholar
• Frank, L. D., Andresen, M. A., & Schmid, T. L. (2004). Obesity relationships with community design, physical activity, and time spent in cars. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 27, 87–96. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2004.04.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furman, B. (1952, December 9). Obesity is termed no. 1 nutritional ill. New York Times, p. 45.
   Google Scholar
• Gallagher, D., & Song, M. (2003). Evaluation of body composition: Practical guidelines. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, 30, 249–265. doi:10.1016/S0095-4543(03)00030-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrow, J. S. (1986). Quetelet index as indicator of obesity. Lancet, 1, 1219. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91207-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giddens, A. (1986). Sociology: A brief but critical introduction. London, UK: Macmillian.
   Google Scholar
• Gillman, S. L. (2008). Fat: A cultural history of obesity. Malden, MA: Polity.
   Google Scholar
• Greenleaf, C., & Weiller, K. (2005). Perceptions of youth obesity among physical educators. Social Psychology of Education, 8, 407–423. doi:10.1007/s11218-005-0662-9
   Google Scholar
• Hellmich, N. (2013a, July 17). Obese boy scouts not allowed a physically tough jamboree. USA Today, sec. D, p. 4.
   Google Scholar
• Hellmich, N. (2013b, December 29). The best preventative medicine? Exercise. USA Today. Retrieved from http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/LIFE/usaedition/2013-12-30-Want-to-shape-up-for-the-New-Year–Heres-why-and-how_ST_U.htm
   Google Scholar
• Himes, J. H., & Bouchard, C. (1985). Do the new Metropolitan Life Insurance weight-height tables correctly assess body frame and body fat relationships? American Journal of Public Health, 75, 1075–1079. doi:10.2105/AJPH.75.9.1076
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hook, J. (2016, February 1). Ted Cruz panders to the lunchroom lobby with french fry pledge. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2016/02/01/ted-cruz-panders-to-the-lunchroom-lobby-with-french-fry-pledge/
   Google Scholar
• Hoover, E. (2009, November 19). Lincoln U. requires students to step on scale. Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from https://chronicle.com/article/Lincoln-U-Requires-Its/49223/
   Google Scholar
• Irfan, U. (2012, June 21). Global shift to obesity packs serious climate consequences. Scientific American. Retrieved from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/global-shift-obesity-packs-serious-climate-consequences/
   Google Scholar
• Jacobson, S. H., King, D. M., & Yuan, R. (2011). A note on the relationship between obesity and driving. Transportation Policy, 18, 772–776. doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2011.03.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jelliffe, D. B., & Jelliffe, E. G. P. (1979). Quetelet: Man and index. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 32, 2519–2521.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Judson, O. (2010, February 23). Stand up while you read this! New York Times. Retrieved from http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/02/23/stand-up-while-you-read-this/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0
   Google Scholar
• Kant, A. K., & Graubard, B. I. (2004). Eating out in America, 1987–2000: Trends and nutritional correlates. Preventive Medicine, 38, 243–249. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.10.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karasu, S. R. (2013). An overview of the complexities in obesity: Limitations and challenges. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 7, 192–205. doi:10.1177/1559827612460832
   Google Scholar
• Katzmarzyk, P. T., Bray, G. A., Greenway, F. L., Johnson, W. D., Newton, R. L., Ravussin, E., … Bouchard, C. (2011). Ethnic-specific BMI and waist circumference thresholds. Obesity, 19, 1272–1278. doi:10.1038/oby.2010.319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keys, A., Fidanza, F., Karvonen, M. J., Kimura, N., & Taylor, H. L. (1972). Indices of relative weight and obesity. Journal of Chronic Disease, 25, 329–343. doi:10.1016/0021-9681(72)90027-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kirk, D., & Macdonald, D. (2001). The social construction of PETE in higher education: Toward a research agenda. Quest, 53, 440–456. doi:10.1080/00336297.2001.10491757
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohl, H. W., & Cook, H. D. (Eds.). (2013). Educating the student body: Taking physical activity and physical education to school. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Retrieved from http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=18314
   Google Scholar
• Le, A., Judd, S. E., Allison, D. B., Oza-Frank, R., Affuso, O., Safford, M. M., … Howard, G. (2014). The geographic distribution of obesity in the US and the potential regional differences in misreporting of obesity. Obesity, 22, 300–306. doi:10.1002/oby.20451
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, W.-Y., Lee, L.-T., Chen, C.-Y., Lo, H., Hsia, -H.-H., Liu, I.-L., … Huang, K.-C. (2002). Optimal cut-off values for obesity: Using simple anthropometric indices to predict cardiovascular risk factors in Taiwan. International Journal of Obesity, 26, 1232–1238. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802040
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loy, J., & Booth, D. (2004). Consciousness, craft, commitment: The sociological imagination of C. Wright Mills. In R. Giulianotti (Ed.), Sport and modern social theorists (pp. 65–80). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Macera, C. A., Jones, D. A., Yore, M. M., Ham, S. A., Kohl, H. W., Kimsey Jr, C. D., & Buchner, D. (2003). Prevalence of physical activity, including lifestyle activities among adults–United States, 2000–2001. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 52, 764–769.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Malterud, K., & Ulriksen, K. (2011). Obesity, stigma and responsibility in health care: A synthesis of qualitative studies. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Health Well-being, 6, 8404. doi:10.3402/qhw.v6i4.8404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall, S. J., Jones, D. A., Ainsworth, B. E., Reis, J. P., Levy, S. S., & Macera, C. A. (2006). Race/ethnicity, social class, and leisure-time physical inactivity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39, 44–51. doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000239401.16381.37
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, F. C. (1986). Quetelet index as indicator of obesity. Lancet, 327, 1043. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91321-8
   Google Scholar
• Mills, C. W. (2000). The sociological imagination. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. (Original work published 1959)
   Google Scholar
• Mission: Readiness. (2010). Too fat to fight. Retrieved from http://www.missionreadiness.org/2010/too-fat-to-fight/
   Google Scholar
• Molnar, G., & Kelly, J. (2013). Sport, exercise and social theory: An introduction. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Monaghan, L. F. (2008). Men and the war on obesity: A sociological study. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Mosely, L., Jedlicka, J., Lequieu, E., & Taylor, F. (2008). Obesity and occupational therapy practice: Present and potential practice trends. OT Practice, 13, 8–14.
   Google Scholar
• National Association for Sport and Physical Education and American Heart Association. (2012). 2012 Shape of the nation report: Status of physical education in the USA. Reston, VA: American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance.
   Google Scholar
• National Center for Education Statistics. (2013). Fast facts: Enrollment trends. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=65
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen, D. M., & El-Serag, H. B. (2009). The big burden of obesity. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 70, 752–757. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2009.04.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nixon, H. L., & Frey, J. H. (1996). Sociology of sport. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• O’Brien, K. S., Hunter, J. A., & Banks, M. (2007). Implicit anti-fat bias in physical educators: Physical attributes, ideology and socialization. International Journal of Obesity, 31, 308–314. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803398
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obesity is now no. 1 U.S. nutritional problem. (1952). Science News Letter, 62, 408.
   Google Scholar
• Ogden, C. L., Carroll, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014). Prevalence of obesity in the United States, 2011–2012. Journal of the American Medical Association, 311, 806–814. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.732
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouldzedioune, N., Keating, J., Bertrand, J., & Rice, J. (2013). A description of female genital mutilation and force-feeding practices in Mauritania: Implications for the protection of child rights and health. PLoS ONE, 8, e60594. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060594
   Google Scholar
• Padwal, R. S., Pajewski, N. M., Allison, D. B., & Sharma, A. M. (2011). Using the Edmonton obesity staging system to predict mortality in a population-representative cohort of people with overweight and obesity. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 183, E1059–E1066. doi:10.1503/cmaj.110387
   Google Scholar
• Pai, M. P., & Faloucek, F. P. (2000). The origin of the “ideal” body weight equations. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 34, 1066–1069. doi:10.1345/aph.19381
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan, W., Yeh, W., Chen, H., Chuang, S., Chang, H., Chen, L., & Wahlqvist, M. L. (2012). The U-shaped relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality contrasts with a progressive increase in medical expenditure: A prospective cohort study. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 21, 577–587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pathak, N. (2014). Emergence of body mass index as a measure of obesity: A brief recapitulation. Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Research, 1, 55–57. doi:10.4103/2347-9906.123934
   Google Scholar
• Peterson, J. L., Puhl, R. M., & Luedicke, J. (2012). An experimental assessment of physical educators’ expectations and attitudes: The importance of student weight and gender. Journal of School Health, 82, 432–440. doi:10.1111/josh.2012.82.issue-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, R. E., Latendresse, S. J., Bartholome, L. T., Warren, C. S., & Raymond, N. C. (2012). Binge eating disorder mediates links between symptoms of depression, anxiety, and caloric intake in overweight and obese women. Journal of Obesity, 2012, 1–8. doi:10.1155/2012/407103
   Google Scholar
• Plymire, D. C. (2012). Teaching the sociological imagination: Learning from The Biggest Loser. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 83, 23–26, 31. doi:10.1080/07303084.2012.10598825
   Google Scholar
• Pollack, A. (2013, June 18). A.M.A. recognizes obesity as a disease. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/19/business/ama-recognizes-obesity-as-a-disease.html?_r=0
   Google Scholar
• Pollock, N. J. (1995). Cultural elaborations of obesity-fattening practices in Pacific societies. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 4, 357–360.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Popenoe, R. (2004). Feeding desire: Fatness, beauty, and sexuality among a Saharan people. London, UK: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Pories, W. J., Dohm, L. G., & Mansfield, C. J. (2010). Beyond the BMI: The search for better guidelines for bariatric surgery. Obesity, 18, 865–871. doi:10.1038/oby.2010.8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price, J. H., Desmond, S. M., & Ruppert, E. S. (1990). Elementary physical education teachers’ perceptions of childhood obesity. Health Education, 21, 26–32.
   Google Scholar
• Puhl, R. M., & Heuer, C. A. (2009). The stigma of obesity: A review and update. Obesity, 17, 941–964. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rguibi, M., & Belahsen, R. (2006). Fattening practices among Moroccan Saharawi women. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 12, 619–624.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Romero-Corral, A., Somers, V. K., Sierra-Johnson, J., Thomas, R. J., Collazo-Clavell, M. L., Korinek, J., … Lopez-Jimenez, F. (2008). Accuracy of body mass index in diagnosing obesity in the adult general population. International Journal of Obesity, 32, 959–966. doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rukavina, P. B., Li, W., & Rowell, M. B. (2008). A service learning based intervention to change attitudes toward obese individuals in kinesiology pre-professionals. Social Psychology of Education, 11, 95–112.
   Google Scholar
• Rukavina, P. B., Li, W., Shen, B., & Sun, H. (2010). A service learning based project to change implicit and explicit bias toward obese individuals in kinesiology pre-professionals. Social Psychology of Education, 11, 95–112. doi:10.1007/s11218-007-9039-6
   Google Scholar
• Sabin, J., Marini, M., & Nosek, B. (2012). Implicit and explicit anti-fat bias among a large sample of medical doctors by BMI, race/ethnicity and gender. Plos ONE, 7, e48448. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048448
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, J., King, E., & Quinones, M. (2007). Expectations of obese trainees: How stigmatized trainee characteristics influence training effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92, 239–249. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.92.1.239
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel, B. E. (2016, January 19). Chris Christie’s shameless school lunch pandering. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/bettina-elias-siegel/chris-christies-shameless_b_9017922.html
   Google Scholar
• Simopoulos, A. P. (1986). Obesity and body weight standards. Annual Review of Public Health, 7, 481–492. doi:10.1146/annurev.pu.07.050186.002405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sobal, J. (2001). Social and cultural influences on obesity. In P. Bjorntrop (Ed.), International textbook of obesity (pp. 305–211). New York, NY: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Squires, S. (1998, June 4). Optimal weight threshold lowered. Washington Post, sec. A, p. 1.
   Google Scholar
• Stearns, P. (2002). Fat history: Bodies and beauty in the modern west. New York, NY: New York University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Story, M., Kaphingst, K. M., & French, S. (2006). The role of schools in obesity prevention. Childhood Obesity: The Future of Children, 161, 109–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suddath, C. (2009). Why are southerners so fat? Time. Retrieved from http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1909406,00.html
   Google Scholar
• Teachman, B. A., & Brownell, K. D. (2001). Implicit anti-fat bias among health professionals: Is anyone immune? International Journal of Obesity Related Metabolic Disorders, 25, 1524–1531. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801745
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tillotson, J. E. (2014). The role of agriculture and the food industry in America’s obesity. In G. A. Bray and C. Bouchard, 3rd (Eds.), Handbook of obesity: Epidemiology, etiology and physiopathology (pp. 413–426). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tinning, R. I. (2014). The obesity crisis and the field of kinesiology: A discursive and memetic consideration. Quest, 66, 27–38. doi:10.1080/00336297.2013.821416
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tirodkar, M. A., & Jain, A. (2003). Food messages of African American television shows. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 439–441. doi:10.2105/AJPH.93.3.439
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Townend, L. (2009). The moralizing of obesity: A new name for an old sin? Critical Social Policy, 29, 171–190. doi:10.1177/0261018308101625
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuan, N. T., Adair, L. S., Suchindran, C. M., He, K., & Popkin, B. M. (2009). The association between body mass index and hypertension is different between East and Southeast Asians. Clinical Nutrition, 89, 1905–1912.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallis, T. M., Currie, B., Lawlor, D., & Ransom, T. (2007). Healthcare professional bias against the obese: How do we know if we have a problem? Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 31, 365–370. doi:10.1016/S1499-2671(07)14008-9
   Google Scholar
• Vogels, N., Egger, G., Plasqui, G., & Westerterp, K. R. (2004). Estimating changes in daily physical activity levels over time: Implication for health interventions from a novel approach. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 25, 607–610. doi:10.1055/s-2004-820950
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vroman, K., & Cote, S. (2011). Prejudicial attitudes toward clients who are obese: Measuring implicit attitudes of occupational therapy students. Occupational Therapy in Health Care, 25, 77–90. doi:10.3109/07380577.2010.533252
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Walker, R. E., & Kawaci, I. (2011). Race, ethnicity, and obesity. In J. Cawley (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of the social science of obesity (pp. 257–275). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, Y., & Beydoun, M. A. (2007). The obesity epidemic in the United States—Gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographical characteristics: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiologic Reviews, 29, 6–28. doi:10.1093/epirev/mxm007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weigley, E. (1984). Average? Ideal? Desirable? A brief overview of height-weight tables in the United States. Journal of American Dietetic Association, 84, 417–423.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wen, M., & Maloney, T. N. (2011). Latina residential isolation and the risk of obesity in Utah: The role of neighborhood socioeconomic, built-environmental, and subcultural context. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 13, 1134–1141. doi:10.1007/s10903-011-9439-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wildman, R. P., Gu, D., Reynolds, K., Duan, X., & He, J. (2004). Appropriate body mass index and waist circumference cutoffs for categorization of overweight and central adiposity among Chinese adults. American Journal Clinical Nutrition, 80, 1129–1136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willis, E. (1996). The sociological quest: An introduction to the study of social life. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Woo Baidal, J. A., & Taveras, E. M. (2014). Protecting progress against childhood obesity—The School Lunch Program. New England Journal of Medicine, 37, 1862–1865. doi:10.1056/NEJMp1409353
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. (n.d.). Controlling the global obesity epidemic. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/obesity/en/
   Google Scholar
• Wright, J. D., Kennedy-Stephenson, J., Wang, C. Y., McDowell, A., & Johnson, C. L. (2004). Trends in intake of energy and macronutrients—United States, 1971–2000. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5304a3.htm
   Google Scholar
• Wrynn, A. M. (2011). Beyond the standard measures: Physical Education’s impact on the dialogue about obesity in the 20th century. Quest, 63, 161–178. doi:10.1080/00336297.2011.10483674
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, L. R., & Nestle, M. (2012). Reducing portion sizes to prevent obesity: A call to action. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 43, 565–568. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.07.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zieff, S. G., & Veri, M. J. (2009). Obesity, health, and physical activity: Discourses from the United States. Quest, 61, 154–179. doi:10.1080/00336297.2009.10483608
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar