- Acs , Z. J. and ARMINGTON , C. 1998 . Longitudinal Establishment and Enterprise Mandata (LEEM) Documentation, CES 98-9 , Washington, DC : Center for Economic Studies, US Bureau of the Census .
- Acs , Z. J. , AUDRETSCH , D. B. and FELDMAN , M. P. 1992 . Real effects of academic research: comment . Am. Econ. Rev. , 82 (1) : 363 – 67 .
- Acs , Z. J. , AUDRETSCH , D. B. and FELDMAN , M. P. 1994 . R&D spillovers and recipient firm size . Rev. Econ. Statist , 99 : 336 – 40 .
- Acs , Z. J. , CARLSSON , B. and KARLSSON , C. 1999 . Entrepreneurship, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and the Macroeconomy , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
- ANSELIN , L. , VARGA , A. and Acs , Z. J. 1997 . Local geographic spillovers between university research and high technology innovation . J. Urban Earn. , 42 : 422 – 48 .
- ANSELIN , L. , VARGA , A. and Acs , Z. J. 2000 . Geographic spillovers and university research: a spatial econometric approach . Growth & Change , 31 : 501 – 15 .
- ARMINGTON , C. Deriving establishment births from unemployment insurance data . Proceedings of the 1995 Annual Research Conference . Washington, DC : Bureau of die Census, US Department of Commerce .
- ARMINGTON , C. 1998 . Statistics of US Business: Microdata and Tables of SBA/Census Data on Establishment Size , Washington, DC : Office of Advocacy, US Small Business Administration .
- AUDRETSCH , D. B. and FELDMAN , M. P. 1996 . R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production . Am. Econ. Rev. , 86 : 630 – 40 .
- AUDRETSCH , D. B. and FRITSCH , M. 1994 . The geography of firm births in Germany . Reg. Studies , 28 (4) : 359 – 65 .
- BARTIK , T. J. 1989 . Small business start-ups in the United States: estimates of the effects of characteristics of states . Southern Econ. J. , 55 ( 1 ) : 004 – 18 .
- CICCONE , C. and HALL , R. E. 1996 . Productivity and the density of economic activity . Am. Econ. Rev. , 86 (1) : 54 – 70 .
- DAVIDSON , P. , LINDMARK , L and OLOFSSON , C. 1994 . New firm formation and regional development in Sweden . Reg. Studies , 28 (4) : 395 – 410 .
- EVANS , D. and JOVANOVIC , B. 1989 . Estimates of a model of entrepreneurial choice under liquidity constraints . J. Pol. Econ. , 95 : 657 – 74 .
- EVANS , D. and LEIGHTON , L. S. 1990 . Small business formation by unemployed and employed workers . Small Bus. Econ. , 2 : 319 – 30 .
- GUESNIER , B. 1994 . Regional variations in new firm formation in France . Reg. Studies , 28 (4) : 347 – 58 .
- HARRISON , B. and KANTER , S. 1979 . The political economy of states: job-creation business incentives . Am. Inst. Plann. J. , October : 425 – 35 .
- HOOVER , E. and VERNON , R. 1959 . Anatomy of a Metropolis , Cambridge, MA : Harvard University Press .
- ILLERIS , S. 1986 . “ New firm creation in Denmark: the importance of the cultural background ” . In New Firms and Regional Development in Europe , Edited by: KEEBLE , B. and WEVER , E. Kent : Croom Helm, Beckenham .
- JOHANNISSON , B. 1984 . A cultural perspectives on small business - local climate . Int. Small Bus. J. , 2 (4) : 32 – 43 .
- KEEBLE , D. and WALKER , S. 1994 . New firms, small firms and dead firms: spatial patterns and determinants in the United Kingdom . Reg. Studie. , 28 (4) : 411 – 27 .
- KIESCHNICK , M. D. 1981 . Taxes and Growth: Business Incentives and Economic Development , Washington, DC : Council of State Planning Agencies .
- KRUGMAN , P. 1991a . Increasing returns and economic geography . J. Pol. Econ. , 99 : 483 – 99 .
- KRUGMAN , P. 1991b . History and industry location: the case of the manufacturing belt . Am. Econ. Rev. , 81 : 80 – 83 .
- KRUGMAN , P. 1994 . First nature, second nature, and metropolitan location . J. Reg. Sci. , 33 : 129 – 44 .
- KRUGMAN , P. 1998 . Space: the final frontier . J. Econ. Perspectives , 12 : 161 – 74 .
- MARSHALL , A. 1920 . Principles of Economics, 8th edition , London : Macmillan .
- MASON , C. 1994 . “ Spatial variations in enterprise: the geography of new firm formation ” . In Deciphering the Enterprise Culture , Edited by: BURROWS , R. 74 – 106 . New York : Routledge .
- NIJKAMP , P. and Poor , J. 1989 . Spatial perspectives on new theories of economic growth . Ann. Reg. Sci. , 32 (1) : 7 – 38 .
- REYNOLDS , P. 1991 . Regional characteristics affecting business growth: assessing strategies promoting regional economic wellbeing, submitted to the Ford Foundation . Grant No , : 900 – 913 .
- REYNOLDS , P. 1993 . Autonomous firm dynamics and economic growth in the United States, 1986-1990 . Reg. Studie. , 28 (4) : 429 – 42 .
- REYNOLDS , P. , MILLER , B. and MAKIW , R. 1994 . “ Regional characteristics affecting business volatility in the United States, 1980-1984 ” . In Small Business Dynamics: International, National and Regional Perspectives , Edited by: KARLSSON , C , JOHANNESSON , J. and STOREY , D. J. 78 – 115 . London : Routledge .
- ROMER , P. 1990 . Endogenous technological change . J. Pol. Econ. , 98 : S71 – S102 .
- SAVAGE , M. , DICKENS , P. and FIELDING , T. 1988 . Some social and political implications of the contemporary fragmentation of the service class in Britain . Int. J. Urban & Reg. Research , 12 (3)
- STOREY , D. J. 1991 . The birth of new firms - does unemployment matter? A review of the evidence . Small Bus. Econ. , 3 (3) : 167 – 78 .
- STOREY , D. J. and JOHNSON , A. M. 1987 . Job Generation and Labour Market Change , London : Macmillan .
- SUTARIA , V. 2001 . The Dynamics of New Firm Formation , London : Ashgate .
- TOLBERT , C. M. and SIZER , M. 1996 . US commuting zones and labor market areas: a 1990 update , Staff Paper No. AGES9614 Washington, DC : Rural Economy Division, Economic Research Service, US Department of Agriculture .
- US SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION . 1999 . Statistics of US Business - Microdata and Tables of SBA/Census Data , Washington, DC : Office of Advocacy .
The Determinants of Regional Variation in New Firm Formation
Reprints and Corporate Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:
Academic Permissions
Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?
Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:
If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.
Related research
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.
Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.
Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.