385
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Emergence of Economic Institutions: Analysing the Third Role of Universities in Turku, Finland

&
Pages 323-341 | Received 01 Oct 2005, Published online: 08 Apr 2008

REFERENCES

  • Academy of Finland . 2002 . Biotechnology in Finland, Impact of Public Research Funding and Strategies for the Future , Helsinki : Academy of Finland . Evaluation Report No. 2002, Publ. No. 11/02
  • Agassi , J. 1960 . Methodological individualism . British Journal of Sociology , 11 : 244 – 270 .
  • Agassi , J. 1975 . Institutional individualism . British Journal of Sociology , 26 : 144 – 155 .
  • Antikainen , A. 1980 . The Regional University Lappeenranta Publications of the University of Joensuu No. A 16
  • Antikainen , A. 1981 . The regional impact of universities in Finland . Higher Education , 10 : 437 – 448 .
  • Antikainen , A. and Jolkkonen , A. New universities, welfare state and markets, the case of Finland . Papers from an International Seminar held at Sundsvall . June 14–18 1992 , Sweden . New Universities and Regional Context , Edited by: Dahllöf , U. and Selander , S.
  • Arocena , R. and Sutz , J. 2000 . Interactive Learning Spaces and Development Policies in Latin America , Aalborg : Department of Business Studies . DRUID Working Paper No. 00-13
  • Axelrod , R. 1997 . The Complexity of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration , Princeton , NJ : Studies in Complexity. Princeton University Press .
  • Benner , M. 2003 . The Scandinavian challenge: the future of advanced welfare states in the knowledge economy . Acta Sociologica , 46 : 132 – 149 .
  • Bio Turku . 2004 . “ Turku Biotechnology Strategy ” . Turku : Bio Turku . Unpublished
  • Boschma , R. 2004 . Competitiveness of regions from an evolutionary perspective . Regional Studies , 38 : 1001 – 1014 .
  • Boucher , G. , Conway , C. and Van der Meer , E. 2003 . Tiers of engagement by universities in their region's development . Regional Studies , 37 : 887 – 897 .
  • Bruun , H. 2002 . “ The emergence of a regional innovation network: a process analysis of the local bio grouping in Turku, Finland ” . In Nordic Perspectives on Process-Based Regional Development Policy , Edited by: Sotarauta , M. and Bruun , H. 157 – 184 . Nordregio : Stockholm . Report No. 2002:3
  • Bruun , H. , Höyssä , M. and Hukkinen , J. 2001 . “ The Making of Biocity, A Study of the Birth a Biotechnology Centre in Turku ” . Finland Manuscript
  • Chatterton , P. and Goddard , J. 2000 . The response of higher education institutions to regional needs . European Journal of Education , 35 : 475 – 496 .
  • Cohen , W. , Nelson , R. and Walsh , J. 2002 . Links and impacts: the influence of public research on industrial R&D . Management Science , 48 : 1 – 23 .
  • Cooke , P. Towards a regional science policy? The rationale from biosciences . Paper presented at the conference on ‘Rethinking Science Policy: Analytical Frameworks for Evidence-Based Policy’ . March 21–23 2002 , Brighton , UK. Falmer : SPRU, University of Sussex .
  • Cooke , P. , Heiderich , M. and Braczyk , H.-J. 2004 . Regional Innovation Systems. The Role of Governance in the Globalised World, , 2nd , Edited by: Cooke , P. , Heiderich , M. and Braczyk , H.-J. London : Routledge .
  • Curzio , A. and Fortis , M. 2002 . Complexity and Industrial Clusters: Dynamics and Models in Theory and Practice , Edited by: Curzio , A. and Fortis , M. Berlin : Physica .
  • Dasgupta , P. and David , P. 1994 . Towards a new economics of science . Research Policy , 23 : 487 – 521 .
  • Delanty , G. 2001 . Challenging Knowledge , Buckingham : Open University Press .
  • Eisenberg , R. S. and Nelson , R. R. 2002 . Public versus proprietary science: a fruitful tension? . Daedalus, Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , 131 ( 89–101 )
  • Esping-Andersen , G. 1999 . Social Foundations of Postrindustrial Economies , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Etzkowitz , H. and Leydesdorff , L. 2000 . The dynamics of innovation: from national systems and ‘Mode 2’ to a triple helix of university–industry–government relations . Research Policy , 29 : 109 – 123 .
  • Feller , I. 2004 . Virtuous and vicious cycles in the contributions of public research universities to state economic development objectives . Economic Development Quarterly , 18 : 138 – 150 .
  • Gibbons , M. , Limoges , C. , Nowotony , H. , Schwartzman , S. , Scott , P. and Trow , M. 1994 . The New Production of Knowledge , London : Sage .
  • Goddard , J. , Teichler , U. , Virtanen , I. and West , P. 2000 . External Engagement and Institutional Adjustment: An Evaluation of the University of Turku. Publications of the Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council No. 3:2000 , Helsinki : Edita .
  • Goddard , J. , Teichler , U. , Virtanen , I. , West , P. and Puukka , J. 2003b . Progressing External Engagement. A Re-evaluation of the Third Role of the University of Turku , Helsinki : Edita . Publications of the Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Council No. 16:2003
  • Goddard , J. B. 1999 . “ Universities and regional development: an overview ” . In Universities and the Creation of Wealth , Edited by: Gray , G. 33 – 46 . Milton Keynes : Open University Press .
  • Gulbrandsen , J. and Smeby , J.-C. The external orientation of university researchers: implications for academic performance and management . Paper presented at the 4th Triple Helix Conference . November 2002 , Copenhagen , Denmark.
  • Harloe , M. and Perry , B. 2004 . Universities, localities and regional development: the emergence of the ‘Mode 2’ university? . International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 28 : 212
  • Hermans , R. and Tahvanainen , A.-J. 2002 . Ownership and Financial Structure of Biotechnology SMEs: Evidence from Finland Helsinki ETLA Publication No. 835
  • Hodgson , G. 1988 . Economics and Institutions, A Manifesto for a Modern Institutional Economics , Cambridge : Polity Press and Blackwell .
  • Hodgson , G. 2003 . The hidden persuaders: institutions and individuals in economic theory . Cambridge Journal of Economics , 27 : 159 – 175 .
  • Hodgson , G. 2006 . What are institutions? . Journal of Economic Issues , 40 : 1 – 25 .
  • Holland , B. A. 2001 . Toward a definition and characterization of the engaged university . Metropolitan Universities , 2 : 20 – 29 .
  • Höyssä , M. , Bruun , H. and Hukkinen , J. 2003 . The co-evolution of social and physical infrastructure for biotechnology innovation in Turku, Finland . Research Policy , 33 : 769 – 785 .
  • ISPE . 2003 . A look at the pharmaceutical industry in the Nordics . Pharmaceutical Engineering , 23 ( 3 )
  • Jasanoff , S. 2003 . Technologies of humanity: citizen participation in governing science . Minerva , 41 : 223 – 244 .
  • Jolkkonen , A. 1985 . Korkeakoululaitoksen muotoutuminen ja uudet tehtävät , Joensuu : Faculty of Education, University of Joensuu . [The Formation and New Functions of the University]
  • Kankaala , K. , Kaukonen , E. , Kutinlahti , P. , Lemola , T. , Nieminen , M. and Välimaa , J. 2004 . Yliopistojen kolmas tehtävä? , Edited by: Kankaala , K. , Kaukonen , E. , Kutinlahti , P. , Lemola , T. , Nieminen , M. and Välimaa , J. Helsinki : Edita . [The Third Role of the Universities?] Finnish National Fund for Research and Development SITRA, SITRA Publication No. 264
  • Kosonen , P. 1987 . Hyvinvointivaltion haasteet ja pohjoismaiset mallit , Vastapaino : Mänttä . [Challenges and Nordic Models of Welfare State]
  • Lawton Smith , H. 2003 . Knowledge organizations and local economic development: the cases of Oxford and Grenoble . Regional Studies , 37 : 899 – 909 .
  • Lundvall , B.-Å. 1988 . “ Innovation as an interactive process: from user-producer interaction to the national system of innovation ” . In Technical Change and Economic Theory , Edited by: Dosi , G. , Freeman , C. , Nelson , R. , Silverberg , G. and Soete , L. 349 – 369 . London : Pinter .
  • Lundvall , B.-Å. 1992 . National System of Innovation and Interactive Learning , Edited by: Lundvall , B.-Å. New York , NY : Pinter .
  • Malerba , F. 2002 . Sectoral systems of innovation and production . Research Policy , 31 : 247 – 264 .
  • Martin , B. R. and Etzkowitz , H. 2000 . The origin and evolution of the university species . Vest , 13 : 9 – 34 .
  • Miettinen , R. , Tuunainen , J. , Knuuttila , T. and Mattila , E. 2006 . Tieteestä tuotteeksi, Yliopistotutkimus muutosten ristipaineessa , Helsinki : Helsinki University Press .
  • Ministry of Education . 2001 . Korkeakoulujen alueellisen kehittämisen työryhmän muistio , Helsinki : Ministry of Education . [Memo by the Working Group for Regional Development of Higher Education Institutions]. Opetusministeriön työryhmien muistioita No. 28:2001
  • Mowery , D. and Sampat , B. 2004 . “ Universities in national innovation systems ” . In The Oxford Handbook of Innovation , Edited by: Fagerberg , J. , Mowery , D. and Nelson , R. 209 – 239 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Nelson , R. R. 1993 . National Systems of Innovation: A Comparative Study , Edited by: Nelson , R. R. Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Nieminen , M. and Kaukonen , E. 2001 . Universities and R&D Networking in a Knowledge-based Economy: A Glance at Finnish Developments , Helsinki : Sitra . Sitra Report Series No. 11
  • Nieminen , M. and Kaukonen , E. 2004 . “ Universities and science–industry relationships: making a virtue out of necessity? ” . In Embracing the Knowledge Economy. The Dynamic Transformation of the Finnish Innovation System , Edited by: Schienstock , G. 196 – 218 . Cheltenham : Edward Elgar .
  • North , D. 1990 . Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance , New York , NY : Cambridge University Press .
  • Nowotny , H. , Scott , P. and Gibbons , M. 2001 . Rethinking Science. Knowledge and the Public in an Age of Uncertainty , Cambridge : Polity Press .
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation Development (OECD) . 1999 . The Response of Higher Education Institutions to Regional Needs. Centre for Educational Research and Innovation No. CERI/IMHE/DG(96)10/REVI , Paris : OECD .
  • Orava , M. , Brännback , M. , Renko , M. , Suoniemi , S. , Söderlund , S. and Wiklund , P. 2001 . Turun Bioalan Riskianalyysi , Turku : Innomarket, Turku School of Economics and Business Administration . [Risk Analysis of the Bio-sector in Turku]
  • Polt , W. , Rammer , C. , Schartinger , D. , Gassler , H. and Schibany , A. 2001 . Benchmarking Industry-Science Relations in Europe – The Role of Framework Conditions , Brussels : European Commission . Project commissioned by the European Commission, DG-Enterprise and the Austrian Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Labour (BMWA)
  • Rosenberg , N. and Nelson , R. 1994 . American universities and technical advance in industry . Research Policy , 23 : 323 – 348 .
  • Rutherford , M. 1994 . Institutions in Economics, The Old and New Institutionalism, Historical Perspectives on Modern Economics , Cambridge University Press : Cambridge .
  • Sábato , J. and Mackenzi , M. 1982 . La producción de Technología. Autónoma o Transnacional , Mexico City : Nueva Imagen .
  • Santos , F. 2003 . The coevolution of firms and their knowledge environment: insights from the pharmaceutical industry . Technological Forecasting and Social Change , 70 : 687 – 715 .
  • Schienstock , G. and Hämäläinen , T. 2001 . Transformation of the Finnish Innovation System: A Network Approach. Sitra Report Series 7 , Helsinki : Sitra .
  • Schienstock , G. and Tulkki , P. 2001 . The Fourth Pillar? An assessment of the situation of the Finnish biotechnology . Small Business Economics , 14 ( 1–2 )
  • Science and Technology Policy Council of Finland . 2000 . Katsaus 2000: Tiedon ja osaamisen haasteet , Helsinki : Science and Technology Policy Council of Finland . [Review 2000: The Challenges of Knowledge and Know-how]
  • Science and Technology Policy Council of Finland . 2003 . Osaaminen innovaatiot ja kansainvälistyminen , Helsinki : Science and Technology Policy Council of Finland . [Knowledge, Innovation and Internationalization]
  • Scott , R. W. 2001 . Institutions and Organisations, , 2nd , London : Sage .
  • Slaughter , S. and Leslie , L. 1997 . Academic Capitalism , Baltimore , MD : Johns Hopkins University Press .
  • Sotarauta , M. and Srinivas , S. 2006 . Co-evolutionary policy processes: understanding innovative economies and future resilience . Futures , 38 ( 312–336 )
  • Srinivas , S. , Kosonen , K.-J. , Nummi , J. and Viljamaa , K. 2005 . How Public is Publicly-Funded Knowledge? The Dynamics of R&D Projects , Cambridge , MA : Industrial Performance Centre, Massachusetts Institute of Technology . MIT IPC Local Innovation Systems Working Paper
  • Srinivas , S. and Viljamaa , K. 2003 . BioTurku: ‘Newly’ Innovative? The Rise of Bio-pharmaceuticals and the Biotech Concentration in Southwest Finland , Cambridge , MA : Industrial Performance Centre, Massachusetts Institute of Technology . MIT IPC Local Innovation Systems Working Paper No. 03-001
  • Stokes , D. E. 1997 . Pasteur's Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation , Washington , DC : Brookings Institution Press .
  • Tomlin , R. 1999 . University of Turku – External Impact of Research, Technology Transfer and Regional Liaison Activities , Newcastle : University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Centre for Higher Education Research .
  • Virtanen , I. 2002 . Yliopistojen kolmas tehtävä , [The Third Role of Univeristies]. Polemia-sarja No. 44. Kunnallisalan kehittämissäätiö, Vammala
  • Ylijoki , O.-H. 2003 . Entangled in academic capitalism? A case-study on changing ideals and practices of university research . Higher education , 45 : 307 – 335 .
  • Ziman , J. 1996 . ‘Post-academic science’: constructing knowledge with networks and norms . Science Studies , 9 : 67 – 80 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.