Under Which Conditions Do Technology Intermediaries Enhance Firms' Innovation Speed? The Case of Belgium's Collective Research Centres

REFERENCES

• Acs Z., Audretsch D., Braunerhjelm P., Carlsson B. (2003) The missing link: the knowledge filter and endogenous growth. Working paper presented at the Danish Research Unit for Industrial Dynamics (DRUID) Summer Conference on ‘Creating, Sharing and Transferring Knowledge. The Role of Geography, Institutions and Organization’, Frederiksberg, Denmark, 18–20 June 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Aharonson B. S., Baum J. A. C. and Feldman M. P. (2007) Desperately seeking spillovers? Increasing returns, industrial organization and the location of new entrants in geographic and technological space, Industrial and Corporate Change 16, 89–131. doi: 10.1093/icc/dtl034
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allarakhia M., Kilgour M. and Fuller D. (2010) Modelling the incentive to participate in open source biopharmaceutical innovation, R&D Management 40, 50–66.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen T. (1977) Managing the Flow of Technology. Technology Transfer and the Dissemination of Technological Information within the R&D Organization. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Arrow K. (1962) Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention, in Nelson R. (Ed.) The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, pp. 609–626. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
   Google Scholar
• Asheim B. and Gertler M. (2005) The geography of innovation: regional innovation systems, in Fagerberg J., Mowery D. and Nelson R. (Eds) The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, pp. 291–317. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Autio E., Kanninen S. and Gustafsson R. (2008) First- and second-order additionality and learning outcomes in collaborative R&D programs, Research Policy 37, 59–76. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2007.07.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bennett R. and Robson P. (1999) Intensity of interaction in supply of business advice and client impact: a comparison of consultancy, business associations and government support initiatives for SMEs, British Journal of Management 10, 351–369. doi: 10.1111/1467-8551.00144
   Google Scholar
• Bessant J. and Rush H. (1995) Building bridges for innovation: the role of consultants in technology transfer, Research Policy 24, 97–114. doi: 10.1016/0048-7333(93)00751-E
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boschma R. A. (2005) Proximity and innovation: a critical assessment, Regional Studies 39, 31–74.
   Google Scholar
• Bouty I. (2000) Interpersonal and interaction influences on informal resource exchanges between R&D researchers across organizational boundaries, Academy of Management Journal 43, 50–65. doi: 10.2307/1556385
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buisseret T., Cameron H. and Georghiou L. (1995) What difference does it make? Additionality in the public support of R&D in large firms, International Journal of Technology Management 10, 587–600.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capello R. (1999) Spatial transfers of knowledge in high technology milieux: learning versus collective learning processes, Regional Studies 33, 353–366. doi: 10.1080/00343409950081211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carbonell P. and Rodriguez A. (2006) The impact of market characteristics and innovation speed on perceptions of positional advantage and new product performance, International Journal of Research in Marketing 23, 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.ijresmar.2006.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassiman B. and Veugelers R. (2006) In search of complementarity in innovation strategy: internal R&D and external technology acquisition, Management Science 52, 68–82. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.1050.0470
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chesbrough H. (2003) The era of open innovation, MIT Sloan Management Review 44, 35–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clarysse B., Wright M. and Mustar P. (2009) Behavioural additionality of R&D subsidies: a learning perspective, Research Policy 38, 1517–1533. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2009.09.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen W. and Levinthal D. (1990) Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly 35, 128–152. doi: 10.2307/2393553
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahl D. and Moreau C. (2002) The influence and value of analogical thinking during new product ideation, Journal of Marketing Research 39, 47–60. doi: 10.1509/jmkr.39.1.47.18930
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahl M. S. and Pedersen C. O. R. (2004) Knowledge flows through informal contacts in industrial clusters: myth or reality?, Research Policy 33, 1673–1686. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2004.10.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta P. and David P. (1994) Toward a new economics of science, Research Policy 23, 487–521. doi: 10.1016/0048-7333(94)01002-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davenport S., Grimes C. and Davies J. (1998) Research collaboration and behavioural additionality: a New Zealand case study, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 10, 55–67. doi: 10.1080/09537329808524304
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt K. (1989) Making fast strategic decisions in high velocity environments, Academy of Management Journal 32, 543–576. doi: 10.2307/256434
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Escribano A., Fosfuri A. and Tribo J. (2009) Managing external knowledge flows: the moderating role of absorptive capacity, Research Policy 38, 96–105. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2008.10.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Falk R. (2007) Measuring the effects of public support schemes on firms' innovation activities. Survey evidence from Austria, Research Policy 36, 665–679. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertler M. S. (1995) Being there – proximity, organization, and culture in the development and adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies, Economic Geography 71, 1–26. doi: 10.2307/144433
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliani E. and Bell M. (2005) The micro-determinants of meso-level learning and innovation: evidence from a Chilean wine cluster, Research Policy 34, 47–68. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2004.10.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granovetter M. (1985) Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness, American Journal of Sociology 91, 481–510. doi: 10.1086/228311
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant R. (1996) Towards a knowledge-based theory of the firm, Strategic Management Journal 17, 109–122. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250171110
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Griffin A. (2002) Product development cycle time for business-to-business products, Industrial Marketing Management 31, 291–304. doi: 10.1016/S0019-8501(01)00162-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson R. and Cockburn I. (1994) Measuring competence? Exploring the effects in pharmaceutical research, Strategic Management Journal 15, 63–84. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250150906
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howells J. (2006) Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation, Research Policy 35, 715–729. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2006.03.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ittner C. and Larcker D. (1997) Product development cycle time and organizational performance, Journal of Marketing Research 34, 13–23. doi: 10.2307/3152061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorde T. and Teece D. (1990) Innovation and cooperation: implications for competition and antitrust, Journal of Economic Perspectives 4, 75–96. doi: 10.1257/jep.4.3.75
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz D. and Kahn R. (1966) The Social Psychology of Organizations. Wiley, New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler E., Bierly P. and Gopalakrishnan S. (2000) Internal vs. external learning in new product development: effects on speed, costs and competitive advantage, R&D Management 30, 213–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler E. and Chakrabarti A. (1996) Innovation speed: a conceptual model of context, antecedents and outcomes, Academy of Management Review 21, 1143–1191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirat T. and Lung Y. (1999) Innovation and proximity – territories as loci of collective learning processes, European Urban and Regional Studies 6(1), 27–38. doi: 10.1177/096977649900600103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert D. and Slater S. (1999) Perspective: First, fast, and on time: the path to success. Or is it?, Journal of Product Innovation Management 16, 427–438. doi: 10.1016/S0737-6782(99)00017-X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane P. and Lubatkin M. (1998) Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning, Strategic Management Journal 19, 461–477. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199805)19:5<461::AID-SMJ953>3.0.CO;2-L
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane P., Salk J. and Lyles M. (2001) Absorptive capacity, learning, and performance in international joint ventures, Strategic Management Journal 22, 1139–1161. doi: 10.1002/smj.206
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langerak F. and Hultink E. (2005) The impact of new product development acceleration approaches on speed and profitability: lessons from pioneers and fast followers, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 52, 30–42. doi: 10.1109/TEM.2004.839941
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazaric N., Longhi C. and Thomas C. (2008) Gatekeepers of knowledge versus platforms of knowledge: From potential to realized absorptive capacity, Regional Studies 42, 837–852. doi: 10.1080/00343400701827386
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard D. and Sensiper S. (1998) The role of tacit knowledge in group innovation, California Management Review 40, 112–132. doi: 10.2307/41165946
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lieberman M. and Montgomery D. (1988) First-mover advantages, Strategic Management Journal 9, 41–58. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250090706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebeskind J. (1996) Knowledge, strategy, and the theory of the firm, Strategic Management Journal 17, 93–107. doi: 10.1002/smj.4250171109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long J. S. and Freese J. (2006) Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables Using Stata, 2nd edn. Stata Press, College Station, TX.
   Google Scholar
• Luukkonen T. (2000) Additionality of EU framework programmes, Research Policy 29, 711–725. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00041-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacKinnon D., Cumbers A. and Chapman K. (2002) Learning, innovation and regional development: a critical appraisal of recent debates, Progress in Human Geography 26, 293–311. doi: 10.1191/0309132502ph371ra
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malerba F. (2002) Sectoral systems of innovation and production, Research Policy 31, 247–264. doi: 10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00139-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison A. (2008) Gatekeepers of knowledge within industrial districts: who they are, how they interact, Regional Studies 42, 817–835. doi: 10.1080/00343400701654178
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muscio A. (2007) The impact of absorptive capacity on SMEs' collaboration, Economics of Innovation and New Technology 16, 653–668. doi: 10.1080/10438590600983994
   Google Scholar
• Nadler D. and Tushman M. (1999) The organization of the future: strategic imperatives and core competencies for the 21st century, Organizational Dynamics 28, 45–60. doi: 10.1016/S0090-2616(00)80006-6
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson R. (1959) The simple economics of basic scientific research, Journal of Political Economy 67, 148–163.
   Google Scholar
• Nonaka I. and Takeuchi H. (1995) The Knowledge Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2002) Frascati Manual. Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development. OECD, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2006) Evaluating Government Financing of Business R&D: Measuring Behavioural Additionality – Introduction and Synthesis. 23–24 March 2006, Sydney; DSTI/STP(2006)6. OECD, Paris.
   Google Scholar
• Ounjian M. I. and Carne E. B. (1987) A study of the factors which affect technology transfer in a multilocation multibusiness unit corporation, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 34, 194–201. doi: 10.1109/TEM.1987.6498881
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn J. (1992) Intelligent Enterprise: A Knowledge and Services Based Paradigm for Industry. Free Press, New York, NY.
   Google Scholar
• Ring P. and van de Ven A. (1994) Development processes of cooperative interorganizational relationships, Academy of Management Review 19, 90–108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts J. (2000) From know-how to show-how? Questioning the role of information and communication technologies in knowledge transfer, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management 12, 422–443. doi: 10.1080/713698499
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romijn H. and Albu M. (2002) Innovation, networking and proximity: lessons from small high technology firms in the UK, Regional Studies 36, 81–86. doi: 10.1080/00343400120099889
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sapsed J., Grantham A. and Defillippi R. (2007) A bridge over troubled waters: bridging organizations and entrepreneurial opportunities in emerging sectors, Research Policy 36, 1314–1334. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2007.05.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoonhoven C., Eisenhardt K. and Lyman K. (1990) Speeding products to market: waiting time to First product introduction in new firms, Administrative Science Quarterly 35, 177–207. doi: 10.2307/2393555
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sofka W. and Grimpe C. (2010) Specialized search and innovation performance – evidence across Europe, R&D Management 40, 310–323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spender J. (1996) Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm, Strategic Management Journal 17, 42–62.
   Google Scholar
• Spithoven A., Clarysse B. and Knockaert M. (2010) Building absorptive capacity to organize inbound open innovation in traditional industries, Technovation 30, 130–141. doi: 10.1016/j.technovation.2009.08.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steurs G., Verbeek A., Vermeulen H. and Clarysse B. (2006) What Difference do IWT R&D Grants Make for their Clients?. IWT Observatorium, Brussels.
   Google Scholar
• Sullivan D. and Marvel M. (2011) Knowledge acquisition, network reliance, and early-stage technology venture outcomes, Journal of Management Studies 48, 1169–1193. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00998.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Torre A. and Gilly J. P. (2000) On the analytical dimension of proximity dynamics, Regional Studies 34, 169–180. doi: 10.1080/00343400050006087
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venkatesan R. (1992) Strategy sourcing: to make or not to make, Harvard Business Review, ,November–December, 98–107.
   Google Scholar
• Vicente J., Balland B. and Brossard O. (2011) Getting into networks and clusters: evidence from the Midi-Pyrenean Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) collaboration network, Regional Studies 45, 1059–1078. doi: 10.1080/00343401003713340
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West J. and Gallagher S. (2006) Challenges of open innovation: the paradox of firm investment in open-source software, R&D Management 36, 319–331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yli-Renko H., Autio E. and Sapienza H. (2001) Social capital, knowledge acquisition, and knowledge exploitation in young technology-based firms, Strategic Management Journal 22, 587–613. doi: 10.1002/smj.183
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar