Embeddedness of European Regions in European Union-Funded Research and Development (R&D) Networks: A Spatial Econometric Perspective

REFERENCES

• Asheim B. and Gertler S. (2005) The geography of innovation: regional innovation systems, in Fagerberg J., Mowery D. C. and Nelson R. R. (Eds) The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, pp. 291–317. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Asheim B., Lawton Smith H. and Oughton C. (2011) Regional innovation systems: theory, empirics and policy, Regional Studies 45(7), 875–891.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audretsch D. B. and Feldman M. P. (1996) R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production, American Economic Review 86, 630–640.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autant-Bernard C., Billand P., Frachisse D. and Massard N. (2007) Social distance versus spatial distance in R&D cooperation: empirical evidence from European collaboration choices in micro and nanotechnologies, Papers in Regional Science 86, 495–519.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Autant-Bernard C. and Hazir C. S. (Forthcoming 2013) Network formation and geography: modelling approaches, underlying conceptions, recent and promising extensions, in Scherngell T. (Ed.) The Geography of Networks and R&D Collaborations. Springer Advances in Spatial Science series. Springer, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Baltagi B. (2008) Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, 4th Edn. Wiley, Chichester.
   Google Scholar
• Baltagi B. H., Song S. H., Jung B. and Koh W. (2007) Testing panel data regression models with spatial and serial error correlation, Journal of Econometrics 140, 5–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barber M. J., Fischer M. M. and Scherngell T. (2011) The community structure of R&D cooperation in Europe: evidence from a social network perspective, Geographical Analysis 43, 415–432.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bathelt H., Malmberg A. and Maskell P. (2004) Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation, Progress in Human Geography 28, 31–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergman E. and Maier G. (2009) Network central: regional positioning for innovative advantage, Annals of Regional Science 43, 615–644.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonacich P. (1987) Power and centrality: a family of measures, American Journal of Sociology 92, 1170–1182.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgatti S. P. (2005) Centrality and network flow, Social Networks 27, 55–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boschma R. (2011) Regional branching and regional innovation policy, in Kourtit K., Nijkamp P. and Stough R. R. (Eds) Drivers of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Regional Dynamics, pp. 359–368. Springer, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Boschma R. and Frenken K. (2010) The spatial evolution of innovation networks. A proximity perspective, in Boschma R. and Martin R. (Eds) The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography, pp. 120–135. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
   Google Scholar
• Breschi S. and Cusmano L. (2004) Unveiling the texture of a European research area: emergence of oligarchic networks under EU framework programmes, International Journal of Technology Management 27, 747–772.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breschi S. and Lissoni F. (2001) Knowledge spillovers and local innovation systems: a critical survey, Industrial and Corporate Change 10(4), 975–1005.
   Google Scholar
• Breschi S. and Lissoni F. (2003) Mobility and Social Networks: Localised Knowledge Spillovers Revisited. Centro di Ricerca sui Processi di Innovazione e Internazionalizzazione (CESPRI) Working Paper Number 142. Bocconi University, Milan.
   Google Scholar
• Breschi S. and Lissoni F. (2009) Mobility of skilled workers and co-invention networks: an anatomy of localized knowledge flows, Journal of Economic Geography 9, 439–468.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breschi S. and Malerba F. (2009) ERA and the role of networks, in Delanghe H., Muldur U. and Soete L. (Eds) European Science and Technology Policy. Towards Integration or Fragmentation?, pp. 160–174. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
   Google Scholar
• Broekel T. and Brenner T. (2011) Regional factors and innovativeness: an empirical analysis of four German industries, Annals of Regional Science 47, 169–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunet R. (2002) Lignes de force de l'espace Européen, Mappemondo 66, 14–19.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen W. M. and Levinthal D. A. (1990) Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation, Administrative Science Quarterly 35, 128–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Commission of the European Communities (CEC) (2007) Green Paper: The European Research Area: New Perspectives. {SEC(2007) 412}, COM(2007)161 final, 4 April 2007. CEC, Brussels.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke P. (2001) Regional innovation systems, clusters, and the knowledge economy, Industrial and Corporate Change 10, 945–974.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke P., Gomez-Uranga M. and Etxebarria G. (1997) Regional innovation systems: institutional and organizational dimensions, Research Policy 26, 475–491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elhorst J. P. (2003) Specification and estimation of spatial panel data models, International Regional Science Review 26(3), 244–268.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faust K. (1997) Centrality in affiliation networks, Social Networks 19, 157–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer M. M. (2001) Innovation, knowledge creation and systems of innovation, Annals of Regional Science 35, 199–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer M. M., Bartkowska M., Riedl A., Sardadvar S. and Kunnert A. (2009a) The impact of human capital on regional labor productivity in Europe, Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences 2, 97–108.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer M. M., Scherngell T. and Jansenberger E. (2006) The geography of knowledge spillovers between high-technology firms in Europe. Evidence from a spatial interaction modelling perspective, Geographical Analysis 38, 288–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer M. M., Scherngell T. and Reismann M. (2009b) Knowledge spillovers and total factor productivity. Evidence using a spatial panel data model, Geographical Analysis 41, 204–220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer M. M. and Varga A. (2003) Spatial knowledge spillovers and university research, Annals of Regional Science 37, 302–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freeman L. C. (1979) Centrality in social networks I: conceptual clarification, Social Networks 1, 215–239.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsch M. (2002) Measuring the quality of regional innovation systems: a knowledge production function approach, International Regional Science Review 25, 86–101.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritsch M. and Slavtchev V. (2011) Determinants of the efficiency of regional innovation systems, Regional Studies 45(7), 905–918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilsing V., Nooteboom B. Vanhaverbekec W., Duystersd G. and van den Oorda A. (2008) Network embeddedness and the exploration of novel technologies: technological distance, betweenness centrality and density, Research Policy 37, 1717–1731.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giuliani E. and Bell M. (2005) The micro-determinants of meso-level learning and innovation: evidence from a Chilean wine cluster, Research Policy 34, 47–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glückler J. (2007) Economic geography and the evolution of networks, Journal of Economic Geography 7, 619–634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazir C. S. (Forthcoming 2014) Multilateral R&D collaboration: an ERGM application on biotechnology, in Scherngell T. (Ed.) The Geography of Networks and R&D Collaborations. Springer Advances in Spatial Science series. Springer, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Hoekman J., Frenken K. and van Oort F. (2009) The geography of collaborative knowledge production in Europe, Annals of Regional Science 43, 721–738.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoekman J., Scherngell T., Frenken K. and Tijssen R. (2012) Acquisition of European research funds and its effect on international scientific collaboration, Journal of Economic Geography doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbs011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoekman J., Scherngell T., Frenken K. and Tijssen R. (2013) Acquisition of European research funds and its effect on international scientific collaboration, Journal of Economic Geography 13, 23–52.
   Google Scholar
• Knoke D. and Young S. (2008) Social Network Analysis. Sage, Los Angeles, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Lagendijk A. (2001) Scaling knowledge production: how significant is the region?, in Fischer M. M. and Fröhlich J. (Eds) Knowledge, Complexity and Innovation Systems, pp. 79–100. Springer, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• LeSage J. and Fischer M. M. (2008) Spatial growth regressions: model specification, estimation and interpretation, Spatial Economic Analysis 3, 275–304.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeSage J. and Pace R. K. (2009) Introduction to Spatial Econometrics. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
   Google Scholar
• LeSage J., Fischer M. M. and Scherngell T. (2007) Knowledge spillovers across Europe. Evidence from a Poisson spatial interaction model with spatial effects, Papers in Regional Science 86, 393–421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maggioni M. A. and Uberti T. E. (2005) Knowledge flows and regional disparities in Europe: geographic, functional and sectoral distance. Paper presented at the Final Open Conference on Knowledge and Regional Economic Development, Barcelona, Spain, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Maggioni M. A. and Uberti T. E. (2009) Knowledge networks across Europe: which distance matters?, Annals of Regional Science 43, 691–720.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malmberg A. (2003) Beyond the cluster. Local milieus and global connections, in Peck J. and Yeung H. (Eds) Remaking the Global Economy, pp. 145–161. Sage, London.
   Google Scholar
• Morrison A., Rabellotti R. and Zirulia L. (2013) When do global pipelines enhance the diffusion of knowledge in clusters?, Economic Geography 89, 77–96. doi: 10.1111/j.1944–8287.2012.01167.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman M. E. J. (2003) The structure and function of complex networks, SIAM Review 45, 167–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Owen-Smith J. and Powell W. W. (2004) Knowledge networks as channels and conduits: the effects of spillovers in the Boston biotechnology community, Organization Science, 15, 5–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paier M. and Scherngell T. (2011) Determinants of collaboration in European R&D networks: empirical evidence from a discrete choice model, Industry and Innovation 18, 89–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pavitt K. (2005) Innovation processes, in Fagerberg J., Mowery D. C. and Nelson R. R. (Eds) The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, pp. 86–114. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Powell W. W. and Grodal S. (2005) Networks of innovators, in Fagerberg J., Mowery D. C. and Nelson R. R. (Eds) The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, pp. 56–85. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
   Google Scholar
• Powell W. W., White D., Koput K. W. and Owen-Smith J. (2005) Network dynamics and field evolution: the growth of interorganizational collaboration in the life sciences, American Journal of Sociology 110, 1132–1205.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rietschel E. T., Arnold E., Čenys A., Dearing A., Feller I., Joussaume S., Kaloudis A., Lange L., Langer J., Ley V., Mustonen R., Pooley D. and Stame N. (2009) Evaluation of the Sixth Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development 2002–2006. Report of the Expert Group to the European Commission, Berlin and Brussels.
   Google Scholar
• Rivera M., Soderstrom S. and Uzzi B. (2010) Dynamics of dyads in social networks: assortative, relational, and proximity mechanisms, Annual Review of Sociology 36, 91–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Pose A. and Crescenzi R. (2008) R&D, spillovers, innovation systems and the genesis of regional growth in Europe, Regional Studies 42, 51–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romer P. M. (1990) Endogenous technological change, Journal of Political Economy 98, 71–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sardadvar S. (2012) Growth and disparities in Europe: insights from a spatial growth model, Papers in Regional Science 91, 257–274.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherngell T. (Ed.) (Forthcoming 2014) The Geography of Networks and R&D Collaborations. Springer Advances in Spatial Science series. Springer, Berlin.
   Google Scholar
• Scherngell T. and Barber M. (2009) Spatial interaction modelling of cross-region R&D collaborations. Empirical evidence from the 5th EU Framework Programme, Papers in Regional Science 88, 531–546.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scherngell T. and Barber M. (2011) Distinct spatial characteristics of industrial and public research collaborations: evidence from the 5th EU Framework Programme, Annals of Regional Science 46, 247–266.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorenson O. (2003) Social networks and industrial geography, Journal of Evolutionary Economics 13, 513–527.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storper M. and Venables T. (2004) Buzz: face-to-face contact and the urban economy, Journal of Economic Geography 4, 351–370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ter Wal A. L. J. (Forthcoming 2013) The dynamics of the inventor network in German biotechnology: geographic proximity versus triadic closure, Journal of Economic Geography doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbs063.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ter Wal A. L. J. and Boschma R. (2009) Applying social network analysis in economic geography: framing some key analytical issues, Annals of Regional Science 43, 739–756.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasserman S. and Faust K. (1994) Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
   Google Scholar