2,577
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Synergy and policy-making in German innovation systems: Smart Specialisation Strategies at national, regional, local levels?

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 1468-1479 | Received 07 May 2020, Published online: 17 Feb 2021

REFERENCES

  • Alecke, B., Breitfuss, M., Cremer, W., Hartmann, C., Lageman, B., Mitze, T., Peistrup, M., Ploder, M., Rappen, H., & Rothgang, M. (2011). Föderalismus und Forschungs- und Innovationspolitik: Bericht des Konsortiums ‘Föderalismus und Forschungs- und Innovationspolitik’ (Studien zum deutschen InnovationssystemUR – https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/156559 11-2011). Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI).
  • Asheim, B. T., Isaksen, A., & Trippl, M. (2019). Advanced introduction to regional innovation systems: Elgar advanced introductions. Edward Elgar.
  • BASF. (2020a). Innovation. https://www.basf.com/global/en/who-we-are/innovation.html
  • BASF. (2020b). Ludwigshafen. https://www.basf.com/global/en/who-we-are/organization/locations/europe/german-sites/ludwigshafen.html
  • BMWI. (2019, November). Industriestrategie 2030 – Leitlinien für eine deutsche und europäische Industriepolitik. https://www.bmwi.de/Redaktion/DE/Publikationen/Industrie/industriestrategie-2030.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=20
  • Bundesregierung. (2018, August). Forschung und Innovation für die Menschen – Die Hightech-Strategie 2025. https://www.hightech-strategie.de/files/HTS2025.pdf
  • Bureau van Dijk. (2019). ORBIS Database. https://orbis.bvdinfo.com/
  • Capello, R., & Kroll, H. (2016). From theory to practice in smart specialization strategy: Emerging limits and possible future trajectories. European Planning Studies, 24(8), 1393–1406. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2016.1156058
  • Chaminade, C., Lundvall, B-Å, & Haneef, S. (2018). Advanced introduction to national innovation systems. Edward Elgar.
  • DESTATIS. (2020). NUTS Classification: The hierarchical categorisation of EU territories and regions. https://www.destatis.de/Europa/EN/Methods/Classifications/OverviewClassification_NUTS.html
  • Eberstein, H. H., Karl, H., Untiedt, G., & Alm, B. (Eds.). (2013). Handbuch der regionalen Wirtschaftsförderung (Lfg. 62.2013-). O. Schmidt.
  • EFI Commission. (2020). Gutachten zu Forschung, Innovation und technologischer Leistungsfähigkeit Deutschlands 2020. EFI.
  • Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (1995). The triple helix–university–industry–government relations: A laboratory for knowledge based economic development. EASST Review, 14(1), 14–19. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2480085
  • Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: From National Systems and ‘Mode 2’ to a triple helix of university–industry–government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048–7333(99)00055-4
  • European Commission. (2018). FAQs – Smart Specialisation Platform. European Commission. https://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/faqs-on-ris3
  • Eurostat. (2020). Postcodes and NUTS. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/nuts/correspondence-tables/postcodes-and-nuts
  • Feldman, M. P., & Kogler, D. F. (2010). Stylized facts in the geography of innovation. In Handbook of the economics of innovation (Vol. 1, pp. 381–410). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7218(10)01008-7
  • Foray, D. (2014). From smart specialisation to smart specialisation policy. European Journal of Innovation Management, 17(4), 492–507. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-09-2014-0096
  • Foray, D., Goddard, J., Goenaga Beldarrain, X., Landabaso, M., McCann, P., Morgan, K., Nauwelaers, C., & Ortega-Argilés, R. (2012). Guide to research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS 3). Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2776/65746
  • Foray, D., Morgan, K., & Radosevic, S. (2018). The role of smart specialization in the EU research and innovation policy landscape. European Commission.
  • Freeman, C., & Soete, L. (2007). Science, technology, and innovation indicators: The twenty-first century challenges. In Science, technology and innovation indicators in a changing world (pp. 271–284). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
  • Frenken, K., van Oort, F., & Verburg, T. (2007). Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth. Regional Studies, 41(5), 685–697. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400601120296
  • Fritsch, M. (2002). Measuring the quality of regional innovation systems: A knowledge production function approach. International Regional Science Review, 25(1), 86–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/016001702762039394
  • Fritsch, M., & Graf, H. (2011). How sub-national conditions affect regional innovation systems: The case of the two Germanys. Papers in Regional Science, 90(2), 331–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00364.x
  • Fritsch, M., & Slavtchev, V. (2011). Determinants of the efficiency of regional innovation systems. Regional Studies, 45(7), 905–918. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400802251494
  • Fritsch, M., & Stephan, A. (2005). Regionalization of innovation policy—introduction to the special issue. Research Policy, 34(8), 1123–1127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.05.013
  • Fritsch, M., & Wyrwich, M. (2020a). Does successful innovation require large urban areas? Germany as a counterexample (Jena Economic Research Papers #2020-004). Friedrich Schiller University Jena. http://www2.wiwi.uni-jena.de/Papers/jerp2020/wp_2020_004.pdf
  • Fritsch, M., & Wyrwich, M. (2020b). Is innovation (increasingly) concentrated in large cities? An international comparison (Jena Economic Research Papers #2020-003). Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena. http://www2.wiwi.uni-jena.de/Papers/jerp2020/wp_2020_003.pdf
  • Kaiser, R., & Prange, H. (2004). Managing diversity in a system of multi-level governance: The open method of co-ordination in innovation policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(2), 249–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350176042000194421
  • Kalemli-Ozcan, S., Sorensen, B., Villegas-Sanchez, C., Volosovych, V., & Yesiltas, S. (2015). How to construct nationally representative firm level data from the ORBIS global database: New facts and aggregate implications. https://doi.org/10.3386/w21558
  • Klose, G., Sandhövel, M., Neumann, M., Köster, R., Klaus, C., & Lambert, J. (2019, May). Innovations- und Wissenschaftsstandort München. Prognos. http://www.wirtschaft-muenchen.de/publikationen/pdfs/Innovations-und-Wissenschaftsstandort19.pdf
  • Kramer, J-P, Bornemann, H., Schrapers, M., & Nellen, J. (2017). Status-quo der Regionalen Innovationsstrategien zur ‘intelligenten Spezialisierung’ (RIS3) der Bundesländer: Mit besonderer Betrachtung der Zusammenhänge zur Förderung über den EFRE 2014–2020. Prognos. https://www.prognos.com/uploads/tx_atwpubdb/20170622_Prognos_RIS3-Strategien_Deutschland_Studie_Final_public.pdf
  • Kroll, H., Muller, E., Schnabl, E., & Zenker, A. (2014). From smart concept to challenging practice: How European regions deal with the Commission’s request for novel innovation strategies (Working Papers Firms and Region R2/2014). Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI). https://www.isi.fraunhofer.de/content/dam/isi/dokumente/ccp/unternehmen-region/2014/ap_r2_2014.pdf https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4020016
  • Lengyel, B., Sebestyén, T., & Leydesdorff, L. (2015). Challenges for regional innovation policies in Central and Eastern Europe: Spatial concentration and foreign control of US patenting. Science and Public Policy, 42(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/sct087
  • Leydesdorff, L. (2003). The mutual information of university–industry–government relations: An indicator of the triple helix dynamics. Scientometrics, 58(2), 445–467. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026253130577
  • Leydesdorff, L. (2018). Synergy in knowledge-based innovation systems at national and regional levels: The triple-helix model and the fourth industrial revolution. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 4(2), 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc4020016
  • Leydesdorff, L., & Cucco, I. (2019). Regions, innovation systems, and the north–south divide in Italy. El Profesional de la Información, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.mar.14
  • Leydesdorff, L., Dolfsma, W., & van der Panne, G. (2006). Measuring the knowledge base of an economy in terms of triple-helix relations among ‘technology, organization, and territory’. Research Policy, 35(2), 181–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.09.001
  • Leydesdorff, L., & Fritsch, M. (2006). Measuring the knowledge base of regional innovation systems in Germany in terms of a triple helix dynamics. Research Policy, 35(10), 1538–1553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.027
  • Leydesdorff, L., & Ivanova, I. (2021). The measurement of ‘interdisciplinarity’ and ‘synergy’ in scientific and extra-scientific collaborations. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3560339
  • Leydesdorff, L., Ivanova, I., & Meyer, M. (2019a). Synergy in innovation systems measured as redundancy in triple helix relations. In W. Glänzel, H. F. Moed, U. Schmoch, & M. Thelwall (Eds.), Springer handbook of science and technology indicators (1st ed., pp. 421–443). Springer International. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02511-3_16
  • Leydesdorff, L., Park, H. W., & Lengyel, B. (2014). A routine for measuring synergy in university–industry–government relations: Mutual information as a triple-helix and quadruple-helix indicator. Scientometrics, 99, 27–35. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-013-1079-4
  • Leydesdorff, L., Perevodchikov, E., & Uvarov, A. (2015). Measuring triple-helix synergy in the Russian innovation systems at regional, provincial, and national levels. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(6), 1229–1238. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23258
  • Leydesdorff, L., & Porto Gomez, I. (2017). Dividedness and the expected synergy in a non-linear model of Spanish regional and national systems of innovation. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24182
  • Leydesdorff, L., & Strand, Ø. (2013). The Swedish system of innovation: Regional synergies in a knowledge-based economy. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64(9), 1890–1902. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.22895
  • Leydesdorff, L., Wagner, C. S., Porto-Gomez, I., Comins, J. A., & Phillips, F. (2019b). Synergy in the knowledge base of US innovation systems at national, state, and regional levels: The contributions of high-tech manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 70(10), 1108–1123. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24182
  • Maraut, S., Dernis, H., Webb, C., Spiezia, V., & Guellec, D. (2008). The OECD REGPAT database: A presentation (OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers 2008/02). OECD Publ. https://doi.org/10.1787/241437144144
  • Mazzucato, M. (2016). From market fixing to market-creating: A new framework for innovation policy. Industry and Innovation, 23(2), 140–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2016.1146124
  • Mazzucato, M. (2018a). Mission-oriented innovation policies: Challenges and opportunities. Industrial and Corporate Change, 27(5), 803–815. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dty034
  • Mazzucato, M. (2018b). Mission-oriented research & innovation in the European Union: A problem-solving approach to fuel innovation-led growth. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2777/360325
  • McCann, P. (2015). The regional and urban policy of the European Union: Cohesion, results-orientation and smart specialisation. New horizons in regional science. Edward Elgar. http://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781783479504.xml https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783479511
  • McCann, P., & Ortega-Argilés, R. (2015). Smart specialization, regional growth and applications to European Union Cohesion Policy. Regional Studies, 49(8), 1291–1302. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.799769
  • Orth, M. (2019, June 17). Ranking: Germany’s five largest companies. https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/business/ranking-germanys-five-largest-companies
  • Ratti, R., Bramanti, A., & Gordon, R. (1997). The dynamics of innovative regions: The GREMI approach. Ashgate. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429440755 https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429440755
  • Ribeiro, S. P., Menghinello, S., & Backer, K. d. (2010). The OECD ORBIS database: Responding to the need for firm-level micro-data in the OECD. OECD Statistics Working Papers, 2010(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1787/5kmhds8mzj8w-en
  • Romer, P. M. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), S71–S102.
  • 163–202). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61007-7_7
  • Schot, J., & Geels, F. W. (2007). Niches in evolutionary theories of technical change. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 17(5), 605–622. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-007-0057-5
  • Schot, J., & Steinmueller, W. E. (2018). Three frames for innovation policy: R&D, systems of innovation and transformative change. Research Policy, 47(9), 1554–1567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.08.011
  • Schrader, K., & Laaser, C-F. (2019). The economic gap between northern and southern Germany (in German) (Kieler Beiträge zur Wirtschaftspolitik No. 20). Kiel. ifw Kiel. https://www.ifw-kiel.de/publications/kieler-beitraege-zur-wirtschaftspolitik/the-economic-gap-between-northern-and-southern-germany-in-german-12869/
  • Schröder, C., Bartels, C., Grabka, M. M., Kroh, M., & Siegers, R. (2018). Machbarkeitsstudie zur Verbesserung der Forschungsdateninfrastruktur im Bereich Hochvermögender mit dem Sozio-oekonomischen Panel (SOEP). SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research.
  • Shannon, C. E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3), 379–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
  • Shapira, P., & Youtie, J. (2010). The innovation system and innovation policy in the United States. In R. Frietsch, M. Schüller, M. Conlé, & K. Cuhls (Eds.), Innovation potentials / Fraunhofer institute for systems and innovation research ISI. Competing for global innovation leadership: Innovation systems and policies in the USA, Europe and Asia (pp. 5–29). Fraunhofer Verlag.
  • Spengler, A. (2008). The establishment history panel. Schmollers Jahrbuch, 128(3), 501–509. https://doi.org/10.3790/schm.128.3.501
  • Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. (2019). Bruttoinlandsprodukt, Bruttowertschöpfung in den Ländern der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1991 bis 2018. http://www.statistikportal.de/de/veroeffentlichungen/bruttoinlandsprodukt-bruttowertschoepfung
  • Storper, M. (1997). The regional world: Territorial development in a global economy: Perspectives on economic change. Guilford.
  • Theil, H. (1972). Statistical decomposition analysis: With applications in the social and administrative sciences. Studies in mathematical and material economics (Vol. 1). North-Holland.
  • United Nations. (2020). The sustainable development goals report 2020. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2020/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2020.pdf
  • Vonnahme, L., & Lang, T. (2019). Peripher global: Ergebnisse der standardisierten Befragung zu Innovations­aktivitäten von Weltmarkt­führern in Deutschland (Working Paper No. 18). SFB 1199 at University of Leipzig. https://research.uni-leipzig.de/~sfb1199/publication/3481/https://research.uni-leipzig.de/~sfb1199/publication/3481/
  • Whitley, R. (1984). The intellectual and social organization of the sciences. Oxford University Press.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.