Institutional relatedness and the emergence of renewable energy cooperatives in German districts

REFERENCES

• Aldrich, H. E., & Fiol, C. M. (1994). Fools rush in? The institutional context of industry creation. Academy of Management Review, 19(4), 645–670. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1994.9412190214
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, W. P., & Carroll, G. R. (1987). Competition and mutualism among early telephone companies. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32(3), 400–421. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2392912
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barron, D. N., & Hannan, M. T. (1991). Autocorrelation and density dependence in organizational founding rates. Sociological Methods & Research, 20(2), 218–241. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124191020002002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum, J. A., & Oliver, C. (1996). Toward an institutional ecology of organizational founding. Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1378–1427. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/257003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baum, J. A. C., & Singh, J. V. (1994). Organizational niches and the dynamics of organizational mortality. American Journal of Sociology, 100(2), 346–380. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/230540
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauwens, T. (2016). Explaining the diversity of motivations behind community renewable energy. Energy Policy, 93, 278–290. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.03.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauwens, T. (2019). Analyzing the determinants of the size of investments by community renewable energy members: Findings and policy implications from Flanders. Energy Policy, 129, 841–852. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.067
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauwens, T., & Devine-Wright, P. (2018). Positive energies? An empirical study of community energy participation and attitudes to renewable energy. Energy Policy, 118, 612–625. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.03.062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauwens, T., Gotchev, B., & Holstenkamp, L. (2016). What drives the development of community energy in Europe? The case of wind power cooperatives Energy Research & Social Science, 13, 136–147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2015.12.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., Lindmark, S., & Rickne, A. (2008). Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: A scheme of analysis. Research Policy, 37(3), 407–429. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beveridge, R., & Kern, K. (2013). The Energiewende in Germany: Background, developments and future challenges. Renewable Energy Law & Policy Review, 4, 3–12.
   Google Scholar
• Bigelow, L. S., Carroll, G. R., & Seidel, M. D. L. (1997). Legitimation, geographical scale, and organizational density: Regional patterns of foundings of American automobile producers, 1885–1981. Social Science Research, 26(4), 377–398. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1006/ssre.1997.0591
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blome-Drees, J., Bøggild, N., Degens, P., Michels, J., Schimmele, C., & Werner, J. (2016). Potenziale und Hemmnisse von unternehmerischen Aktivitäten in der Rechtsform der Genossenschaft. Bundesministirium für Wirtschaft und Energie. LIT.
   Google Scholar
• Blome-Drees, J., Bøggild, N., Degens, P., Michels, J., Schimmele, C., & Werner, J. (2016). Potenziale und Hemmnisse von unternehmeriscen Aktivitäten in der Rechtsform der Genossenschaft. Bundesministirium für Wirtschaft und Energie. https://www.bmwi.de.
   Google Scholar
• Boone, C., & Özcan, S. (2014). Why do cooperatives emerge in a world dominated by corporations? The diffusion of cooperatives in the U.S. bio-ethanol industry, 1978–2013. Academy of Management Journal, 57(4), 990–1012. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0194
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boschma, R. (2017). Relatedness as driver of regional diversification: A research agenda. Regional Studies, 51(3), 351–364. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1254767
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boschma, R., Coenen, L., Frenken, K., & Truffer, B. (2017). Towards a theory of regional diversification: Combining insights from evolutionary economic geography and transition studies. Regional Studies, 51(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1258460
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boxenbaum, E., & Battilana, J. (2005). Importation as innovation: Transposing managerial practices across fields. Strategic Organization, 3(4), 355–383. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127005058996
   Google Scholar
• Carlino, G., & Kerr, W. (2015). Agglomeration and innovation. In G. Duranton, J. V. Henderson, & W. Strange (Eds.), Handbook of regional and urban economics (pp. 349–404). North-Holland.
   Google Scholar
• Carvalho, L., & Vale, M. (2018). Biotech by bricolage? Agency, institutional relatedness and new path development in peripheral regions. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 11(2), 275–295. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsy009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattani, G., Pennings, J. M., & Wezel, F. C. (2003). Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in founding patterns. Organization Science, 14(6), 670–685. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.14.6.640.24874
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coenen, L., Asheim, B., Bugge, M. M., & Herstad, S. J. (2017). Advancing regional innovation systems: What does evolutionary economic geography bring to the policy table? Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, 35(4), 600–620. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0263774X16646583
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coenen, L., Hansen, T., & Rekers, J. V. (2015). Innovation policy for grand challenges. An economic geography perspective. Geography Compass, 9(9), 483–496. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12231
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Content, J., & Frenken, K. (2016). Related variety and economic development: A literature review. European Planning Studies, 24(12), 2097–2112. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2016.1246517
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couture, T., & Gagnon, Y. (2010). An analysis of feed-in tariff remuneration models: Implications for renewable energy investment. Energy Policy, 38(2), 955–965. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.10.047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vaan, M., Frenken, K., & Boschma, R. (2019). The downside of social capital in new industry creation. Economic Geography, 95(4), 315–340. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2019.1586434
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Degenhart, H., Holstenkamp, L., & Müller, J. R. (2017). Datenbank Energiegenossenschaften in Deutschland [Database of German energy cooperatives].
   Google Scholar
• Delacroix, J., Swaminathan, A., & Solt, M. (1989). Density dependence versus population dynamics: An ecological study of failings in the California wine industry. American Sociological Review, 54(2), 245–262. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2095793
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewald, U., & Truffer, B. (2011). Market formation in technological innovation Systems—Diffusion of photovoltaic applications in Germany. Industry and Innovation, 18(3), 285–300. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2011.561028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dewald, U., & Truffer, B. (2012). The local sources of market formation: Explaining regional growth differentials in German photovoltaic markets. European Planning Studies, 20(3), 397–420. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2012.651803
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eurostat. (2019a). Regions & cities. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/regions/data/database
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat. (2019b). Energy. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/energy/data/database
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, M. P., & Kogler, D. (2010). Stylized facts in the geography of innovation. In B. H. Hall & N. Rosenberg (Eds.), Handbook of the economics of innovation (pp. 381–410). North-Holland.
   Google Scholar
• Garud, R., & Karnøe, P. (2003). Bricolage versus breakthrough: Distributed and embedded agency in technology entrepreneurship. Research Policy, 32(2), 277–300. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00100-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geels, F. (2004). From sectoral systems of innovation to socio-technical systems. Insights about dynamics and change from sociology and institutional theory. Research Policy, 33(6–7), 897–920. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2004.01.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gertler, M. S. (2003). Tacit knowledge and the economic geography of context, or the undefinable tacitness of being (there). Journal of Economic Geography, 3(1), 75–99. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/3.1.75
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grabher, G., Ibert, O., & Flohr, S. (2008). The neglected king: The customer in the new knowledge ecology of innovation. Economic Geography, 84(3), 253–280. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2008.tb00365.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greve, H. (2002). An ecological theory of spatial evolution: Local density dependence in Tokyo banking, 1894–1936. Social Forces, 80(3), 847–879. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2002.0006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greve, H. R., & Rao, H. (2012). Echoes of the past: Organizational foundings as sources of an institutional legacy of mutualism. American Journal of Sociology, 118(3), 635–675. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/667721
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannan, M. T., & Carroll, G. R. (1992). Dynamics of organizational populations: Density, legitimation, and competition. Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hannan, M. T., Carroll, G. R., Dundon, E. A., & Torres, J. C. (1995). Organizational evolution in a multinational context: Entries of automobile manufacturers in Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, and Italy. American Sociological Review, 60(4), 509–528. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2096291
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1987). The ecology of organizational founding: American labor unions, 1836–1985. American Journal of Sociology, 92(4), 910–943. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/228587
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hannan, M. T., & Freeman, J. (1989). Organizational ecology. Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hassink, R., Klaerding, C., & Marques, P. (2014). Advancing evolutionary economic geography by engaged pluralism. Regional Studies, 48(7), 1295–1307. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.889815
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hekkert, M. P., Suurs, R. A., Negro, S. O., Kuhlmann, S., & Smits, R. E. (2007). Functions of innovation systems: A new approach for analysing technological change. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 74(4), 413–432. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2006.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewitt, R. J., Bradley, N., Baggio Compagnucci, A., Barlagne, C., Ceglarz, A., Cremades, R., McKeen, M., Otto, I., & Slee, B. (2019). Social innovation in community energy in Europe: A review of the evidence. Frontiers in Energy Research, 7, 31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2019.00031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holstenkamp, L. (2015). The rise and fall of electricity distribution cooperatives in Germany. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2727780.
   Google Scholar
• Horbach, J., & Rammer, C. (2018). Energy transition in Germany and regional spill-overs: The diffusion of renewable energy in firms. Energy Policy, 121, 404–414. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.06.042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hufen, J. A. M., & Koppenjan, J. F. M. (2015). Local renewable energy cooperatives: Revolution in disguise? Energy, Sustainability and Society, 5(1), 18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-015-0046-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huybrechts, B., & Mertens, S. (2014). The relevance of the cooperative model in the field of renewable energy. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 85(2), 193–212. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12038
   Google Scholar
• Ingram, P., & Simons, T. (2000). State formation, ideological competition, and the ecology of Israeli workers’ cooperatives, 1920–1992. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(1), 25–53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2666978
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jobert, A., Laborgne, P., & Mimler, S. (2007). Local acceptance of wind energy: Factors of success identified in French and German case studies. Energy Policy, 35(5), 2751–2760. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2006.12.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, V., & Powell, W. W. (2017). Organizational poisedness and the transformation of civic order in nineteenth-century New York City. In N. R. Lamoreuax & J. J. Wallis (Eds.), Organizations, civil society, and the roots of development (pp. 179–230). University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kahla, F., Holstenkamp, L., Müller, J. R., & Degenhart, H. (2017). Entwicklung und Stand von Bürgerenergiegesellschaften und Energiegenossenschaften in Deutschland. Leuphana University Lüneburg.
   Google Scholar
• Kooij, H. J., Oteman, M., Veenman, S., Sperling, K., Magnusson, D., Palm, J., & Hvelplund, F. (2018). Between grassroots and treetops: Community power and institutional dependence in the renewable energy sector in Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands. Energy Research & Social Science, 37, 52–64. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.09.019
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosfeld, R., & Gückelhorn, F. (2012). Ökonomische Effekte erneuerbarer Energien auf regionaler Ebene. Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 70(5), 437–449. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13147-012-0167-x
   Google Scholar
• Lomi, A. (1995). The population and community ecology of organizational founding: Italian co-operative banks, 1936–1989. European Sociological Review, 11(1), 75–98. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.esr.a036350
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malerba, F. (2002). Sectoral systems of innovation and production. Research Policy, 31(2), 247–264. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00139-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meelen, T., Truffer, B., & Schwanen, T. (2019). Virtual user communities contributing to upscaling innovations in transitions: The case of electric vehicles. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 31, 96–109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2019.01.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mignon, I., & Rüdinger, A. (2016). The impact of systemic factors on the deployment of cooperative projects within renewable electricity production – An international comparison. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 65, 478–488. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.07.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moors, E. H. M., Kukk Fisher, P., Boon, W. P. C., Schellen, F., & Negro, S. O. (2018). Institutionalisation of markets: The case of personalised cancer medicine in the Netherlands. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 128, 133–143. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.11.011
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mori, P. A. (2014). Community and cooperation: The evolution of cooperatives towards new models of citizens’ democratic participation in public services provision. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 85(3), 327–352. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12045
   Google Scholar
• Oteman, M., Wiering, M., & Helderman, J.-K. (2014). The institutional space of community initiatives for renewable energy: A comparative case study of the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. Energy, Sustainability and Society, 4(1), 11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-0567-4-11
   Google Scholar
• Padgett, J. F., & Powell, W. W. (2012). The emergence of organizations and markets. Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Peng, M. W., Lee, S. H., & Wang, D. Y. (2005). What determines the scope of the firm over time? A focus on institutional relatedness. Academy of Management Review, 30(3), 622–633. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2005.17293731
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pólos, L., Hannan, M. T., & Carroll, G. R. (2002). Foundations of a theory of social forms. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(1), 85–115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/11.1.85
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powell, W. W., Packalen, K., & Whittington, K. (2012). Organizational and institutional genesis. In J. F. Padgett & W. W. Powell (Eds.), The emergence of organizations and markets (pp. 434–465). Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Randelli, F., & Rocchi, B. (2017). Analysing the role of consumers within technological innovation systems: The case of alternative food networks. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 25, 94–106. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2017.01.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneiberg, M., King, M., & Smith, T. (2008). Social movements and organizational form: Cooperative alternatives to corporations in the American insurance, dairy, and grain industries. American Sociological Review, 73(4), 635–667. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/000312240807300406
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staber, U. (1989). Organizational foundings in the cooperative sector of Atlantic Canada: An ecological perspective. Organization Studies, 10(3), 381–403. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/017084068901000305
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner, A. N. (2014). Regional branching reconsidered: Emergence of the fuel cell industry in European regions. Economic Geography, 90(4), 403–427. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ecge.12055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tarhan, M. (2015). Renewable energy cooperatives: A review of demonstrated impacts and limitations. The Journal of Entrepreneurial and Organizational Diversity, 4(1), 104–120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5947/jeod.2015.006
   Google Scholar
• Truffer, B., & Coenen, L. (2012). Environmental innovation and sustainability transitions in regional studies. Regional Studies, 46(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2012.646164
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volz, R. (2012). Bedeutung und Potenziale von Energiegenossenschaften in Deutschland. Eine empirische Aufbereitung. Informationen zur Raumentwicklung, 39(9–10), 515–524.
   Google Scholar
• Wenting, R., & Frenken, K. (2011). Firm entry and institutional lock-in: An organizational ecology analysis of the global fashion design industry. Industrial and Corporate Change, 20(4), 1031–1048. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtr032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wezel, F. C. (2005). Location dependence and industry evolution: Founding rates in the United Kingdom Motorcycle industry, 1895–1993. Organization Studies, 26(5), 729–754. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840605051823
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wierling, A., Schwanitz, V., Zeiß, J., Bout, C., Candelise, C., Gilcrease, W., & Gregg, J. (2018). Statistical evidence on the role of energy cooperatives for the energy transition in European countries. Sustainability, 10(9), 3339. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093339
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wüstenhagen, R., & Bilharz, M. (2006). Green energy market development in Germany: Effective public policy and emerging customer demand. Energy Policy, 34(13), 1681–1696. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.07.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yildiz, Ö, Rommel, J., Debor, S., Holstenkamp, L., Mey, F., Müller, J. R., Radtke, J., & Rognli, J. (2015). Renewable energy cooperatives as gatekeepers or facilitators? Recent developments in Germany and a multidisciplinary research agenda. Energy Research & Social Science, 6, 59–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2014.12.001
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar