291
Views
52
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

On the nature of causation in complex systems

Pages 69-84 | Published online: 22 Mar 2010

REFERENCES

  • Anderson , P. W. 1972 . More is different . Science , 177 : 377 Reprinted in Anderson, P.W. 1994. A Career in Theoretical Physics. Singapore, World Scientific
  • Auletta , G. , Ellis , G. F.R. and Jaeger , L. 2007 . Top-down causation: from a philosophical problem to a scientific research program . arXiv , 0710 : 4235
  • Barabási , A-L. and Oltvai , Z. N. 2004 . Network biology: understanding the cell's functional organization . Nature Reviews: Genetics , 5 : 101 – 114 .
  • Beer , M. E. , Connors , B. W. and Paradiso , M. A. 2007 . Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain Philadelphia Lippincot : Williams and Wilkins .
  • Beer , S . 1966 . Decision and Control New York : Wiley .
  • Birney , E. 2007 . Come fly with us . Nature , 450 : 184 – 185 .
  • Bishop , C. M. 1999 . Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Bishop , R. C. 2006a . Patching physics and chemistry together . Philosophy of Science , 72 : 710 – 722 . Online: http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00001880/
  • Bishop , R. C. 2006b . Downward causation in fluid convection . Synthese , (accepted). Online: http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00002933/
  • Bishop , R. and Atmanspacher , H. 2006 . Contextual emergence in the description of properties . Foundations of Physics , 36 : 1753 – 1777 .
  • Blanchard , Ph. , Giulini , D. , Joos , E. , Kiefer , C. and Stamatescu , I-O. , eds. 2000 . Decoherence: Theoretical, Experimental and Conceptual Problems Berlin : Springer .
  • Booch , G. 1994 . Object Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications New York : Addison Wesley .
  • Burnet , F. M. 1959 . The Clonal Selection Theory of Acquired Immunity Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Buyana , T. 1997 . Molecular Physics Singapore : World Scientific .
  • Campbell , D. T. 1974 . “ Downward causation ” . In Studies in the Philosophy of Biology: Reduction and Related Problems Edited by: Ayala , F. J. and Dobhzansky , T. 179 – 186 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • Campbell , N. A. and Reece , J. B. 2005 . Biology San Francisco : Benjamin Cummings .
  • Carpenter , G. A. and Grossberg , S. 1991 . Pattern Recognition by Self-organising Neural Networks Cambridge Mass : MIT Press .
  • Chaikin , P. M. and Lubensky , T. C. 2000 . Principles of Condensed Matter Physics Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Chalmers , D. 1997 . The Conscious Mind Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Chandrasekhar , B. S. 1998 . Why Things Are the Way They Are Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Changeux , J-P. and Connes , A. 1998 . Conversations on Mind, Matter, and Mathematics Princeton : Princeton University Press .
  • Churchman , C. W. 1968 . The Systems Approach New York : Delacorte Press .
  • Clayton , P. 2006 . Mind and Emergence Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Clayton , P. and Davies , P. 2006 . The Re-emergence of Emergence Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Conrad , M. 1985 . On design principles for a molecular computer . Communications of the ACM , 28 : 464 – 480 .
  • Corning , P. 2005 . Holistic Darwinism: Synergy, Cybernetics, and the Bioeconomics of Evolution Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Damasio , A. R. 2000 . Descarte's Error New York : Harper Collins .
  • Deacon , T. 1997 . The Symbolic Species: the Co-evolution of Language and the Human Brain London : Penguin .
  • Dodelson , S. 2003 . Modern Cosmology San Diego : Academic Press .
  • Donald , M. 2001 . A Mind so Rare: The Evolution of Human Consciousness New York : W. W. Norton .
  • Drosophila 12 Genome Consortium . 2007 . Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny . Nature , 450 : 293 – 218 .
  • Edelman , G. M. 1989 . Neural Darwinism: The Theory of Group Neuronal Selection Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Ellis , G. F.R. 2002 . Cosmology and local physics . New Astronomy Reviews , 46 : 645 – 658 . gr-qc/0102017
  • Ellis , G. F.R. 2004 . “ True complexity and its associated ontology ” . In Science and Ultimate Reality: Quantum Theory, Cosmology and Complexity Edited by: Barrow , J. D. , Davies , P. C.W. and Harper , C. L. 607 – 636 . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Ellis , G. F.R. 2005 . Physics, complexity, and causality . Nature , 435 : 743
  • Ellis , G. F.R. 2006a . Physics and the real world . Foundations of Physics , April 2006, 1–36 Online: http://www.mth.uct.ac.za/~ellis/realworld.pdf
  • Ellis , G. F.R. 2006b . Physics in the real universe: time and spacetime . GRG , 38 : 1797 – 1824 . Online: http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0605049
  • Ellis , G. F.R. 2006c . “ On the nature of emergent reality ” . In The Re-emergence of Emergence Edited by: Clayton , P. and Davies , P. C.W. 79 – 110 . Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Elman , J. L. , Bates , E. A. , Johnson , M. H. , Karmiloff-Smith , A. , Parisi , D. and Plunkett , K. 1998 . Rethinking Innateness: A Connectionist Perspective on Development Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press .
  • Emsley , J. 2003 . Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Falcon , A. 2006 . Aristotle on causality . Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy , Online: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-causality/
  • Feynman , R. 1995 . Six Easy Pieces London : Penguin .
  • Flood , R. L. and Carson , E. R. 1990 . Dealing with Complexity: An Introduction to the Theory and Application of Systems Science London : Plenum Press .
  • Forester , J. 1961 . System Dynamics Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press .
  • Fox , Keller E. 2000 . The Century of the Gene Cambridge : Harvard University Press .
  • Gilbert , S. F. 2006 . Developmental Biology Sunderland : Sinauer Associates .
  • Glendinning , P. 1996 . Stability, Instability and Chaos: An Introduction to the Theory of Non-linear Differential Equations Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Glimcher , P. W. 2005 . Indeterminacy in brain and behaviour . Annual Review of Psychology , 56 : 25
  • Goodstein , D. L. 1985 . States of Matter New York : Dover .
  • Greenland , S. and Pearle , J. 2006 . Causal diagrams. Technical Report R0332 . Encyclopaedia of Epidemiology , Online: http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/r332.pdf
  • Greenspan , R. J. 2007 . An Introduction to Nervous Systems Cold Spring Harbor : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press .
  • Grey , H. B. 1973 . Chemical Bonds: An Introduction to Atomic and Molecular Structure Menlo Park : Benjamin Cummings .
  • Guyton , A. C. 1977 . Basic Human Physiology Philadelphia : W.B. Saunders .
  • Harrison , H. L. and Bollinger , J. G. 1969 . Introduction to Automatic Controls Scranton : International Textbook Company .
  • Hartmann , S. 2001 . Effective field theories, reductionism, and scientific explanation . Studies in History Philosophy of Modern Physics , 32 : 267
  • Hewitt , P. G. 1998 . Conceptual Physics Reading : Addison Wesley .
  • Hewitt , P. G. , Lyons , S. , Suchocki , J. and Yeh , J. 2007 . Conceptual Integrated Science San Francisco : Addison Wesley .
  • Higgins , J. C. 1976 . Information Systems for Planning and Control; Concepts and Cases London : Edward Arnold .
  • Hinshaw , G. 2006 . WMAP data put cosmic inflation to the test . Physics World , 19 ( 5 ) : 16 – 19 .
  • Juarrero , A. 2002 . Dynamics in Action: Intentional Behaviour as a Complex System Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press .
  • Kandel , E. R. , Schwartz , J. H. and Jessell , T. M. 2000 . Principles of Neural Science New York : McGraw Hill .
  • Koch , C. 2004 . The Quest for Consciousness: A Neurobiological Approach Englewood : Roberts and Company .
  • Kuppers , B-O. 1994 . Information and the Origin of Life Cambridge, Mass : Mit Press .
  • Laidler , K. J. , Meiser , J. H. and Sanctuary , B. C. 2003 . Physical Chemistry Boston : Houghton Mifflin .
  • Laughlin , R. B. 2000 . Fractional quantisation . Reviews of Modern Physics , 71 : 863
  • Lecuit , T. and Le Goff , L. 2007 . Orchestrating size and shape during morphogenesis . Nature , 450 : 189 – 192 .
  • LeDoux , J. 2002 . Synaptic Self New York : Viking .
  • Lehn , J-M. 1995 . Supramolecular Chemistry Weinheim : VCH .
  • Leopold , P. and Perriman , N. 2007 . Drosophila and the genetics of the internal milieu . Nature , 450 : 186 – 188 .
  • Luisi , P. L. 2002 . Emergence in chemistry: chemistry as the embodiment of emergence . Foundations of Chemistry , 4 : 183 – 200 .
  • Mitchell , M. 1998 . An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms (Complex Adaptive Systems) Cambridge : Mass, MIT Press .
  • Murphy , N. 2006 . “ Emergence and mental causation ” . In The Re-emergence of Emergence Edited by: Clayton , P. and Davies , P. 227 – 243 . Oxford : Oxford University Press) .
  • Murphy , N. and Brown , W. S. 2007 . Did My Neurons Make Me Do It?: Philosophical and Neurobiological Perspectives on Moral Responsibility and Free Will Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Murphy , N. and Ellis , G. F.R. 1995 . On the Moral Nature of the Universe Minneapolis : Fortress Press .
  • Oerter , R. 2006 . The Theory of Almost Everything. The Standard Model: the Unsung Triumph of Modern Physics New York : Plume/Penguin .
  • Peacocke , A. R. 1989 . An Introduction to the Physical Chemistry of Biological Organization Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Pearl , J. 1998 . Graphs, causality, and structural equation models . Sociological Methods & Research , 27 : 226 – 284 . Online: http://ftp.cs.ucla.edu/pub/stat_ser/R253.ps
  • Pearl , J. 2000 . Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Penrose , R. 1989 . The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computers, Minds and the Laws of Physics New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Penrose , R . 1997 . The Large, The Small and the Human Mind Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Penrose , R. 2005 . The Road to Reality: A Complete Guide to the Laws of the Universe New York : Knopf .
  • Percival , I. 1991 . Schrödinger's quantum cat . Nature , 351 : 357
  • Philbin , T. 2003 . The 100 Greatest Inventions of All Time New York : Citadel Press .
  • Pink , T. 2004 . Free Will: A Very Short Introduction Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Ravasz , E. , Somera , A. L. , Mongru , D. A. , Oltvai , Z. N. and Barabasi , A-L. 2002 . Hierarchical organization of modularity in metabolic networks . Science , 297 : 1551 – 1555 .
  • Rhoades , R. and Pflanzer , R. 1989 . Human Physiology Fort Worth : Saunders College Publishing .
  • Roberts , E. B. , ed. 1991 . Managerial Application of System Dynamics Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press .
  • Roederer , J. G. 2005 . Information and its Role in Nature Berlin : Springer .
  • Rutherford , F. J. and Ahlgren , A. 1990 . Science for all Americans New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Sagan , C. 1996 . The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark New York : Random House .
  • Scalo , J. , Wheeler , J. and Williams , P. 2001 . “ Intermittent jolts of galactic UV radiation: mutagenetic effects ” . In Frontiers of Life; 12th Rencontres de Blois Edited by: Celnikier , L. M. [arXiv:astro-ph/0104209v1]
  • Schlosser , G. and Wagner , G. P. 2004 . Modularity in Development and Evolution Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Scott , A. 1995 . Stairway to the Mind New York : Springer-Verlag .
  • Shearer , J. L. , Murphy , A. T. and Richardson , H. H. 1971 . System Dynamics Reading : Addison Wesley .
  • Shepherd , D. M. , Martin , D. P. , Varsani , A. , Thomson , J. A. , Rybicki , E. P. and Klump , H. H. 2006 . Restoration of native folding of single stranded DNA sequences through reverse mutations: an indication of a new epi-genetic mechanism . Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics , 453 : 108 – 122 .
  • Silk , J. 2001 . The Big Bang New York : Freeman .
  • Simon , H. A. 1992 . The Sciences of the Artificial Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press .
  • Smolin , L. 1997 . The Life of the Cosmos Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Stapp , H. 1993 . Mind, Matter and Quantum Mechanics Berlin : Springer-Verlag .
  • Tanenbaum , A. S. 1990 . Structured Computer Organisation Englewood Cliffs : Prentice Hall .
  • Van Gulick , R. 1995 . “ Who's in charge here? And who's doing all the work? ” . In Mental Causation Edited by: Heil , J. and Mele , A. 233 – 256 . Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Va'zquez , A. , Dobrin , R. , Sergi , D. , Eckmann , J-P. , Oltvai , Z. N. and Barabasi , A-L. 2004 . The topological relationship between the large-scale attributes and local interaction patterns of complex networks . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , 101 : 17940 – 17945 .
  • Watson , J. D. , Baker , T. A. , Bell , S. P. , Gann , A. , Levine , M. and Losick , R. 2003 . The Molecular Biology of the Gene New York : Benjamin Cummings .
  • Wegscheid , B. , Condon , C. and Hartmann , R. K. 2006 . Type A and Type B RNase PRNAs are interchangeable in vivo despite substantial biophysical differences . EMBO Reports , 7 : 411 – 417 .
  • Weigel , D. and Dean , C. 2002 . Development, evolution and adaptation . Current Opinion in Plant Biology , 5 : 11 – 13 .
  • West-Eberhard , M. J. 2003 . Developmental Plasticity and Evolution Oxford : Oxford University Press .
  • Williams , G. C. 1992 . Adaptation and Natural Selection Princeton : Princeton University Press .
  • Zee , H-D. 1989 . The Physical Basis of the Direction of Time Berlin : Springer Verlag .
  • Zhang , S. and Srinivasan , M. 2004 . “ Exploration of cognitive capacity in honeybees: higher functions emerge from a small brain ” . In Complex Worlds from Simpler Nervous Systems Edited by: Prete , F. R . 71 – 74 . Cambridge, Mass : MIT Press .
  • Zurek , W. H. 2003 . Decoherence, einselection, and the quantum origins of the classical . Reviews of Modern Physics , 75 : 715 Online: http://lanl.arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0105127

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.