THE “SOLID” GEOLOGY OF THE KALAHARI

REFERENCES

• “Die Kalahari.” . 1904 . Berlin
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• 1914 . “The Geology of the North-western Part of the Wankie Coalfield”, Bull. No. 4, Geol. Survey of Southern Rhodesia
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• 344 “Die Kalahari”, The suggestion that the relation of the granite to the Ghanzi beds is similar to that of the granite to the Malmesbury beds at the Cape (p. 347–48) does not carry conviction; it is based on the occurrence of gneiss near the granite outerop at Okwa and between it and the outcrop of the Ghanzi beds at Nakais 40 miles away. Dr. Passarge, however, states that the relation is not known
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• 446 “Die Kalahari”
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• (a) The Dolomite occurs near Kanye
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• 577 – 81 . “Die Kalahari”, and elsewhere
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• du Toit , A. L. 1921 . 40 – 41 . “Geology of South Africa”, 1926, places them in the later part of his Primitive Systems; E. Krenkel, “Geologie Afrikas”, vol. ii, p. 693, places them with the “altalgonkischen Komas System”, i.e. in a younger group than the Swaziland-Damara Systems, though he remarks that perhaps Passarge included more than one group of rocks in his Chanseschichten. Dr. P. Range in “Zur Stratigraphie des Hererolandes”, Monatsb. d. Deutschen Geol. Gesellschaft, Bd. lxi, 1909, No. 6,p. 298, accepts them as part of the Primary formation, but he remarks that Hermann's specimens of the sediments between Witvley and Gobabis, which Hermann correlated with the Gibeon beds (in part the equivalent of Range's Fish River beds), supported the correlation with the latter. Hermann (Monatsb. d. Deutschen Geol. Gesellschaft, 1908,p. 259) placed the Gobabis rocks in his Waterberg formation, a name taken from the Waterberg in South-West Africa. This Waterberg formation (Etjo sandstone of Schneiderhöhn and Reuning) is believed to be part of the Karroo System (A. L. du Toit, “Geology of South Africa”, 1928,p. 260). So both the nomenclature and the facts may still be in some confusion. See also Fritz Jaeger and Leo Waibel, “Beitraege zur Landeskunde von Sudwestafrika”, Bd. ii, p. 78. Mitt. a. d. Deutschen Schutzgebieten, Erg. hft. No. 15. Berlin
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• 1908 . 40 “Südafrika”, Onp. 592 of “Die Kalahari” he suggests that the Witwatersrand beds, the Ghanzi beds, and other non-metamorphic members of the Primary formation are younger than the strongly metamorphosed
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• “Die Kalahari”, pp. 578, 706–708, 731–32. In 1907 Professor Kalkowsky kindly let me examine the slices of Passarge's rocks in Dresden and take away chips from which they were cut. The slices from the chips brought away are in the Survey collection at Cape Town. At the time I was chiefly interested in the silicified rocks, but a piece of greywacke from the Upper Ngami beds of Rengakabucht (south side of Ngami) is amongst the rocks taken away (No. 285 of Kalkowsky's series and 1871 of the Survey slices in Cape Town), and it is very like the rocks described in the text from the Ghanzi district though coarser in grain
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• “Die Kalahari”, ch. xx
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• Eberhard Rimann, “Geologische Karte des Khauas-Hottentottenlandes in Deutsch-Südwestafrica (Westliche Kalahari) nebst Erläuterungen.” Berlin, 1913
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• Hall , A. L. “The Bushveld Igneous Complex” 435 – 37 . Geol. Survey Memoir, No. 28. Pretoria, 1932, R. A. Daly and G. A. F. Molengraaff, “Structural Relations of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, Transvaal”, Journal of Geology, xxxii, 1904, regard the latter intrusions as belonging to a later cycle, but similarly conditioned by the nature of the magmas and the physical circumstances
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• 48 Proc. Geol. Soc. S.A., xxxii
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• “Die Kalahari”, pp. 189, 581, 707
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• Hall , A. L. “The Bushveld Igneous Complex”, 1932 252 No. 9 of that series of analyses (a soda-trachyandesite) is omitted from those used for the average because it is a different type of rock. P. Niggli mit B. Lombaard “Das Bushveld als Petrographische Provinz”, Schweiz. Min. Pet. Mitt., Bd. xiii, 1933, p. 112, Nos. 4, 6, 9, 10, 17, 18. B. Lombaard, “On the Differentiation and Relationships of the Rocks of the Bushveld Complex”, T.G.S.S.A., xxxvii, 1934, p. 12 (d). Oxide of manganese and carbon dioxide were not estimated in some of the analyses; in such cases the average figures relates only to those analyses in which the oxides concerned were estimated
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• 581 – 84 . “Die Kalahari”, ch. vii, and
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• 40 He mentions the formation onp. of “Geology of South Africa”, 1926, but the information mentioned in the text came in letters
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• “Die Kalahari”, pp. 190, 580
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• Rogers , A. W. 1925 . “Notes on the N.E. Part of the Zoutpansberg” . T.G.S.S.A. , xxviii : 40
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• 1903 . Parl. Rep. C.G.H., G-30 . Ann. Rep. Geol. Comm. for 1907 , : 13
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• Vol. xix , 195 – 97 . Ann. Rep. Geol. Comm. for 1905, 249–53; Rep. for 1906,pp. 61–62, 108–21; Rep. for 1907,pp. 13–14, 76–82, 177–82. A. L. du Toit, “Notes on the Karroo System in the Southern Kalahari”, T.G.S.S.A.1916,pp. 1–13
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• Lightfoot , B. 1914 . “The Geology of the N.W. Part of the Wankie Coalfield” Bull. No. 4, Geol. Survey of Southern Rhodesia
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• “Die Kalahari” ch. viii, and pp. 521, 586
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• 1930 . T.G.S.S.A. , xxxiii : 92 – 96 . A. M. Macgregor, “Geological Notes on a Circuit of the Great Makarikari Salt Pan”
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• 178 “Die Kalahari”,p., etc
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• Macgregor , A. M. 13 1932 . “Report on the Rhodesia-Walvis Bay Reconnaissance Survey” . In Salisbury, C.S.R. 13 , 48 in p.
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• Lamplugh , G. W. 1907 . “Geology of the Zambezi Basin” . Q.J.G.S. , lxiii : 182
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• Lightefoot , B. 1929 . “Geology of the Central Part of the Wankie Coalfield” 43 Bull. No. 15, Geol. Survey of Southern Rhodesiap.
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• 1928 . 31 – 32 . The evidence is given in Rimann, loc. cit., The Kalahari-Quetsch Zone shown on pl. 34, vol. ii, of E. Krenkel's “Geologie Afrikas”, is in the position of this greatly extended fault-line; the term seems to imply upthrust of the area where the Karroo sediments are now exposed; see Mr. Lightfoot's map and sections in the report referred to in the last note
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• “Die Kalahari”, pp. 561, 588
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• Maufe , H. B. 1927 . “Some Problems in Rhodesian Physical Geology” . S.A. Journ. Science , xxiv : 31 – 33 .
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