MOLECULES VS MORPHOLOGY IN PHYLOGENETICS: A NON-CONTROVERSY

REFERENCES

• Ahlquist , J. E. , Bledsoe , A. H. , Sheldon , F. H. and Sibley , C. G. 1987 . DNA hybridization and avian systematics: response to Houde . Auk , 104 in press
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Avise , J. C. 1974 . Systematic value of electrophoretic data . Syst. Zool. , 23 : 465 – 481 .
   Google Scholar
• Barrowclough , G. F. , Brush , A. H. and Clark , G. A. 1983 . “ Biochemical studies of microevolutionary processes. ” . In Perspectives in ornithology. 223 – 261 . Cambridge, MA : Cambridge University Press, JR .
   Google Scholar
• Bledsoe , A. H. 1987 . Estimation of phylogeny from molecular distance data: the issue of variable rates . Auk , 104 : 563 – 565 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bock , W. J. 1973 . Philosophical foundations of classical evolutionary classification . Syst. Zool. , 22 : 375 – 392 .
   Google Scholar
• Britten , R. J. 1986 . Rates of DNA sequence evolution differ between taxonomic groups . Science , 231 : 1393 – 1398 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brush , A. H. 1979 . Comparison of egg-white proteins: effect of electrophoretic conditions . Biochem. Syst. Ecol. , 7 : 155 – 165 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buth , D. G. 1984 . The application of electrophoretic data in systematic studies . Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , 15 : 501 – 522 .
   Google Scholar
• Cracraft , J. 1980 . Phylogenetic theory and methodology in avian paleontology: a critical appraisal . Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. Contrib. Sci. , 330 : 9 – 16 .
   Google Scholar
• Cracraft , J. 1981 . Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Recent birds of the world (Class Aves) . Auk , 98 : 681 – 714 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cracraft , J. 1987 . DNA hybridization and avian phylogenetics . Evol. Biol. , 21 : 47 – 96 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crowe , T. M. 1978 . The evolution of guinea-fowl (Galliformes, Phasianidae, Numidinae): taxonomy, phylogeny, speciation and biogeography . Ann. S. Afr. Mus. , 76 : 43 – 136 .
   Google Scholar
• Debry , R. W. and Slade , N. A. 1985 . Cladistic analysis of restriction endonuclease cleavage maps within a maximum-likelihood framework . Syst. Zool , 34 : 21 – 34 .
   Google Scholar
• Dover , G. A. 1982 . Molecular drive: a cohesive mode of species evolution . Nature , 299 : 111 – 117 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durrer , H. and Villiger , W. 1975 . Schillerstrucker de Kongopfaus (Afropavo congensis Chapin, 1936) im Elektronenmikroskop . J. Orn. , 116 : 94 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Farris , J. S. , Funk , V. A. and Brooks , D. R. 1981 . “ Distance data in phylogenetic analysis. ” . In Advances in cladistics Volume 1. 3 – 23 . New York : New York Botanical Garden .
   Google Scholar
• Farris , J. S. , Platnick , N. I. and Funk , V. A. 1983 . “ The logical basis of phylogenetic systematics. ” . In Advances in cladistics Volume 2. 7 – 36 . New York : Columbia University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Farris , J. S. 1985a . Distance data revisited . Cladistics , 1 : 67 – 85 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Farris , J. S. 1985b . Review of . Numerical taxonomy. Cladistics , 1 : 97 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Felsenstein , J. 1983 . Parsimony in systematics: biological and statistical issues . Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , 14 : 313 – 333 .
   Google Scholar
• Felsenstein , J. 1984 . Distance methods for inferring phylogenies: a justification . Evolution , 38 : 16 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferris , S. D. , Wilson , A. C. and Brown , W. M. 1981 . Evolutionary tree for apes and humans based on cleavage maps of mitochondrial DNA . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , 78 : 2432 – 2436 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gadow , H. and Bronn , H. G. 1893 . “ Vogel. II. Systematischer Theil. ” . In Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs. 303 Leipzig : C. F. Winter . 6(4)
   Google Scholar
• Glaus , K. R. , Zassenhaus , H. P. , Fechheimer , N. S. , Perlman , P. S. , Kroon , A. M. and Seccone , C. 1980 . “ Avian mtDNA: structure, organization and evolution. ” . In The organization and expression of the mitochondrial genome. 131 – 135 . Amsterdam : North Holland .
   Google Scholar
• Gutiérrez , R. J. , Zink , R. M. and Yang , S. Y. 1983 . Genic variation, systematic and biogeographic relationships of some galliform birds . Auk , 100 : 33 – 47 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hachisuka, The Marquess . 1938 . 177 – 182 . Classification and distribution of gamebirds. Proc. 9th Intern. Ornithol. Congr.
   Google Scholar
• Helm-Bychowski , K. and Wilson , A. C. 1986 . Rates of nuclear DNA evolution in pheasant-like birds: evidence from restriction maps . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 83 : 688 – 692 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson , J. Y. , Moir , A. J. G. , Fothergill , L. A. and Fothergill , J. E. 1981 . Sequences of sixteen phosphorine peptides from albumins of eight species . Eur. J. Biochem. , 114 : 439 – 450 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hennig , W. 1966 . Phylogenetic systematics. Urbana : University of Illinois Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Houde , P. 1987a . Critical evaluation of DNA hybridization studies in avian systematics . Auk , 104 : 17 – 32 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houde , P. 1987b . Histological evidence for the systematic position of Hisperornis (Odontornithes: Hesperornithiformes) . Auk , 104 : 125 – 129 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houde , P. 1987c . Response to A. H. Bledsoe and J. E. Ahlquist et al . Auk , 104 : 566 – 568 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hudson , G. E. , Parker , R. A. , Vanden Berge , J. and Lanzillotti , P. J. 1966 . A numerical analysis of the modifications of the appendicular muscles in various genera of gallinaceous birds . Amer. Midl. Nat. , 76 : 1 – 73 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jollès , J. , Schoentgen , F. , Jollès , P. , Prager , E. M. and Wilson , A. C. 1976 . Amino acid sequence and immunological properties of Chachalaca egg white lysozyme . J. Mol. Evol. , 8 : 59 – 78 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnsgard , P. A. 1986 . The pheasants of the world. Oxford : Oxford University Press. .
   Google Scholar
• Lanyon , S. M. 1985a . Detecting internal inconsistencies in distance data . Syst. Zool. , 34 : 397 – 403 .
   Google Scholar
• Lanyon , S. M. 1985b . Molecular perspective on higher-level relationships in the Tyrannoidea (Aves) . Syst. Zool. , 34 : 404 – 418 .
   Google Scholar
• Lewin , R. 1987 . My cousin the chimpanzee . Science , 238 : 273 – 275 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mainardi , D. 1963 . Immunological distances and phylogenetic relationships of birds . Proc. 13th Intern. Ornithol. Congr. , : 103 – 114 .
   Google Scholar
• Mayr , E. 1981 . Biological classification: toward a synthesis of opposing methodologies . Science , 214 : 510 – 516 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayr , E. and Amadon , D. 1951 . A classification of Recent birds . Amer. Mus. Novit. , No. 1496
   Google Scholar
• Mcfarlane , R. W. 1963 . “ The taxonomic significance of avian sperm ” . In Proc. 13th Intern. Ornithol. Congr. 91 – 102 .
   Google Scholar
• Miyamoto , M. M. 1981 . Congruence among character sets in phylogenetic studies of the frog genus . Leptodactylus. Syst. Zool. , 30 : 281 – 290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyamoto , M. M. , Slightom , J. L. and Goodman , M. 1987 . Phylogenetic relations of humans and African apes from DNA sequences in the globin region . Science , 238 : 369 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moroney , J. J. , Bock , W. J. and Farrand , J. F. Jr . 1975 . Reference list of the birds of the world. New York : American Museum of Natural History. .
   Google Scholar
• Nei , M. and Li , W. H. 1979 . Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 76 : 5269 – 5273 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolan , R. A. , Brush , A. H. , Arnheim , N. and Wilson , A. C. 1975 . An inconsistency between protein resemblance and taxonomic resemblance: immunological comparison of diverse proteins from gallinaceous birds . Condor , 77 : 154 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , S. L. 1981 . The museum tradition in ornithology . Auk , 98 : 193 – 195 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , S. L. 1982 . A critique of Cracraft's classification of birds . Auk , 99 : 733 – 739 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson , S. L. , Farner , D. S. , King , J. R. and Parkes , K. C. 1985 . “ The fossil record of birds. ” . In Avian biology Vol. 8 , 79 – 238 . London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Olson , S. L. and Feduccia , A. 1980 . “ Presbyornis and the origin of the Anseriformes (Aves: Charadrio-morphae) ” . In Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 24 No. 323
   Google Scholar
• Parkes , K. C. 1963 . The contribution of museum collections to knowledge of the living bird . Living bird , 2 : 121 – 130 .
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , C. 1981 . Significance of fossils in determining evolutionary relationships . Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , 12 : 195 – 223 .
   Google Scholar
• Patton , J. C. and Avise , J. C. 1983 . An empirical evaluation of qualitative Hennigian analysis of protein electrophoretic data . J. Mol. Evol. , 19 : 244 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prager , E. M. and Wilson , A. C. 1976 . Congruency of phylogenies derived from different proteins . J. Mol. Evol. , 9 : 45 – 57 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raikow , R. J. 1981 . Old birds and new ideas: progress and controversy in paleornithology . Wilson Bull. , 93 : 407 – 437 .
   Google Scholar
• Raikow , R. J. 1985 . Problems in avian classification . Curr. Ornithol. , 2 : 187 – 212 .
   Google Scholar
• Ruse , M. 1979 . Falsifiability, consilience, and systematics . Syst. Zool. , 29 : 530 – 536 .
   Google Scholar
• Schnell , G. D. 1970 . A phenetic study of the suborder Lari (Aves) II. Phenograms, discussion, and conclusions . Syst. Zool. , 19 : 264 – 302 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schnell , G. D. and Wood , D. S. 1976 . More on chicken-turkey-pheasant resemblances . Condor , 78 : 550 – 553 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott , A. F. , Smith , K. D. and Goodman , M. 1982 . “ Genomic DNA: new approaches to evolutionary problems. ” . In Macromolecular sequences in systematics and evolutionary biology. 319 – 356 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sheldon , F. H. 1987 . Phylogeny of herons estimated from DNA-DNA hybridization data . Auk , 104 : 97 – 108 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibley , C. G. 1960 . The electrophoretic patterns of avian egg-white proteins as taxonomic characters . Ibis , 102 : 215 – 284 .
   Google Scholar
• Sibley , C. G. and Ahlquist , J. E. 1972 . A comparative study of egg white proteins of non-passerine birds . Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. , : 276 No. 39
   Google Scholar
• Sibley , C. G. and Ahlquist , J. E. 1973 . The relationships of the Hoatzin . Auk , 90 : 1 – 13 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sibley , C. G. and Ahlquist , J. E. 1983 . Phylogeny and classification of birds based on the data of DNA-DNA hybridization . Curr. Ornithol. , 1 : 245 – 292 .
   Google Scholar
• Sibley , C. G. , Ahlquist , J. E. and Schuchmann , K. L. 1985 . “ The relationships of some groups of African birds, based on comparisons of the genetic material, DNA. ” . In Proceedings of an International Symposium on African Vertebrates 115 – 161 . Bonn : Museum Alexander Koenig .
   Google Scholar
• Sibley , C. G. , Ahlquist , J. E. and Sheldon , F. H. 1987 . DNA hybridization and avian phylogenetics: reply to Cracraft . Evol. Biol. , 21 : 97 – 125 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sneath , P. H. and Sokal , R. R. 1973 . Numerical taxonomy. San Francisco, W. H. Freeman & Co
   Google Scholar
• Sober , E. 1983 . Parsimony in systematics: philosophical issues . Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , 14 : 335 – 357 .
   Google Scholar
• Steadman , D. W. 1980 . A review of the osteology and palaeontology of turkeys (Aves: Meleagridinae) . Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. Contrib. Sci. , 330 : 131 – 207 .
   Google Scholar
• Stock , A. D. and Bunch , T. D. 1982 . The evolutionary implications of chromosome banding pattern homologies in the bird order Galliformes . Cytogenet. Cell Genet. , 34 : 136 – 148 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stresemann , E. 1959 . The status of avian systematics and its unsolved problems . Auk. , 76 : 269 – 280 .
   Google Scholar
• Templeton , A. R. 1985 . The phylogeny of the hominoid primates: a statistical analysis of the DNA-DNA hybridization data . J. Mol. Biol. Evol. , 2 : 420 – 433 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorpe , J. P. 1982 . The molecular clock hypothesis: biochemical evolution, genetic differentiation and systematics . Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , 13 : 139 – 168 .
   Google Scholar
• Verheyen , R. 1956 . Contribution a l'anatomie et a la systematique des Galliformes . Inst. Roy. Sci. Natur. Belgique, Bull. , 32 ( 42 ) : 24
   Google Scholar
• Wake , D. B. and Larson , A. 1987 . Multidimensional analysis of an evolving lineage . Science , 238 : 42 – 48 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wetmore , A. 1960 . A classification for the birds of the world . Smithsonian Misc. Coll. , 139 ( 11 ) : 37
   Google Scholar
• Wiley , E. O. 1981 . Phylogenetics New York : John Wiley & Sons. .
   Google Scholar
• Wilson , A. C. 1985 . The molecular basis of evolution . Scientific American , 253 : 164 – 173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , A. C. , Carlson , S. S. and White , T. J. 1977 . Biochemical evolution . Ann. Rev. Biochem. , 46 : 573 – 639 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , D. S. 1983 . Phenetic relationships within the Ciconiidae (Aves) . Ann. Carnegie Mus. , 52 : 79 – 112 .
   Google Scholar
• Wyles , J. S. , Kunkel , J. G. and Wilson , A. C. 1983 . Birds, behavior, and anatomical evolution . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 80 : 4394 – 4397 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar