Phytoplankton community diversity along a river-estuary continuum

REFERENCES

• Adams, J.B., Bate, G.C. & O'Callaghan, M.O. 1999. Primary producers. In Allanson, B.R. & Baird, D. (Eds), Estuaries of South Africa. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. pp. 91–101.
   Google Scholar
• Brendonck, L., Maes, J., Rommens, W., Dekeza, N., Nhiwatiwa, T., Barson, M., Callebaut, V., Phiri, C., Moreau, K., Gratwicke, B., Stevens, M., Alyn, N., Holsters, E., Ollevier, F. & Marshall, B.E. 2003. The impact of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in a eutrophic subtropical impoundment (Lake Chivero, Zimbabwe). II. Species diversity. Archiv Hydrobiologia 158: 389–405. 10.1127/0003-9136/2003/0158-0389
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carpenter, S.R., Cole, J.J., Pace, M.L., Van De Bogert, M., Bade, D.L., Bastviken, D., Gille, C.M., Hodgson, J.R., Kitchell, J.F. & Kritzberg, E.S. 2005. Ecosystem subsidies: terrestrial support of aquatic food webs from 13C addition to contrasting lakes. Ecology 86: 2737–2750. 10.1890/04-1282
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claquin, P., Leynaert, A., Sferatorre, A., Garnier, J. & Ragueneau, O. 2006. Physiological ecology of diatoms along the river–sea continuum: Diatom ecophysiology along the aquatic continuum from river to ocean. In Ittekkot, V., Unger, D., Humborg, C. & Tac, N (Eds), The Silicon Cycle: Human perturbations and impacts on aquatic systems. Washington, DC, Island Press 66: 121–138.
   Google Scholar
• De Domitrovic, Y.Z., Devercelli, M. & De Emiliani, M.O.G. 2007. Phytoplankton. In Iriondo, M.H., Paggi, J.C. & Parma, M.J. (Eds), The Middle Paraná River: Limnology of a subtropical wetland. Berlin Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag. pp. 172–203.
   Google Scholar
• Devercelli, M. 2006. Phytoplankton of the Middle Parana′ River during an anomalous hydrological period: a morphological and functional approach. Hydrobiologia 563: 465–478. 10.1007/s10750-006-0036-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezekiel, E.N., Ogamba, E.N. & Abowei, J.F.N. 2011. Phytoplankton composition and abundance in Sombreiro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences 3: 229–233.
   Google Scholar
• Fonge, A.B., Chuyong, B.G., Tening, A.S., Fobid, A.C. & Numbisi, N.F. 2013. Seasonal occurrence, distribution and diversity of phytoplankton in the Douala Estuary, Cameroon. African Journal of Aquatic Science 38: 123–133. 10.2989/16085914.2013.769086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froneman, P.W. 2000. Feeding studies on selected zooplankton in a temperate estuary, South Africa. Estuaries, Coastal and Shelf Science 51: 543–552. 10.1006/ecss.2000.0700
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froneman, P.W. 2002a. Food web structure in three contrasting estuaries determined using stable isotope (δ13C) analysis. African Journal of Aquatic Science 27: 107–115. 10.2989/16085914.2002.9626582
   Google Scholar
• Froneman, P.W. 2002b. Seasonal changes in selected physico-chemical and biological variables in the temporarily open/closed Kasouga estuary, Eastern Cape, South Africa. African Journal of Aquatic Sciences 27: 117–123. 10.2989/16085914.2002.9626583
   Google Scholar
• Froneman, P.W. & Mcquaid, C.D. 1997. Preliminary investigation of the ecological role of microzooplankton in the Kariega Estuary, South Africa. Estuaries, Coastal and Shelf Science 45: 689–695. 10.1006/ecss.1996.0225
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giffen, M.H. 1970. Contributions to the diatom flora of South Africa IV. The marine littoral diatoms of the estuary of the Kowie River, Port Alfred, Cape Province. Nova Hedwigia 31: 259–312.
   Google Scholar
• Hammer, O., Harper, D.A.T. & Ryan, P.D. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics software for education and data analysis. Palaeontologica Electronica 4: 9.
   Google Scholar
• Heydorn, A.E.F. & Grindley, J.R. 1982. Estuaries of the Cape. Part II: Synopses of available information on individual systems. Report No.10 Kowie (CSE 10). CSIR Research Report 409.
   Google Scholar
• John, D., Whitton, B. & Brook, A. (Eds) 2002. The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles: An Identification Guide to Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Junk, W.J., Bayley, P.B. & Sparks, R.E. 1989. The flood pulse concept in river floodplain systems. In Dodge, D.P. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Large River Symposium (LARS). Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Ottawa, Canada. pp. 110–127.
   Google Scholar
• Kruger, M. & Strydom, N.A. 2011. Plankton dynamics associated with the convergence zone of a shear front in the permanently open Kowie Estuary, South Africa. African Zoology 46: 47–59. 10.3377/004.046.0117
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruskal, J.B. & Wish, M. 1978. Multidimensional Scaling. Sage University Paper series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences. Beverly Hills and London, Sage. pp. 7–11.
   Google Scholar
• Lindeman, R.L. 1942. The trophic-dynamic aspects of ecology. Ecology 23: 399–417. 10.2307/1930126
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcarelli, A.M., Baxter, C.V., Mineau, M.M. & Hall, R.O. 2011. Quantity and quality: unifying food web and ecosystem perspectives on the role of resource subsidies in freshwaters. Ecology 92: 1215–1225. 10.1890/10-2240.1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCune, B. & Mefford, M.J. 2006. PC-ORD: Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data. Version 5.10. MjM Software, Gleneden Beach, OR.
   Google Scholar
• Nilsson, C., Xiong, S., Johansson, M.E. & Vought, L.B.M. 1999. Effects of leaf-litter accumulation on riparian plant diversity across Europe. Ecology 80: 1770–1775. 10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1770:EOLLAO]2.0.CO;2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmer, R.W. & O'keeffe, J.H. 1990. Downstream effects of impoundments on the water chemistry of the Buffalo River (Eastern Cape), South Africa. Hydrobiologia 202: 11–83. 10.1007/BF02208128
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phlips, E.J., Cichra, M., Aldridge, F.J., Jembeck, J., Hendrickson, J. & Brody, R. 2000. Light availability and variations in phytoplankton standing crops in a nutrient-rich blackwater river. Limnology and Oceanography 45: 916–929. 10.4319/lo.2000.45.4.0916
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pieterse, A.J.H. & Van Zyl, J.M. 1988. Observations on the relation between phytoplankton diversity and environmental factors in the Vaal River at Balkfontein, South Africa. Hydrobiologia 169, 199–207. 10.1007/BF00007311
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piirsoo, K., Pall, P., Tuvikene, A. & Viik, M. 2008. Temporal and spatial patterns of phytoplankton in a temperate lowland river (Emajogi, Estonia). Journal of Plankton Research 30: 1285–1295. 10.1093/plankt/fbn082
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds, C.S. 1988. Potamoplankton: paradigms, paradoxes and prognoses. In Round, F.E. (Ed.), Algae and the Aquatic Environment. Bristol, Biopress. pp. 285–311.
   Google Scholar
• Salmaso, N, &Zignin, A. 2010. At the extreme of physical gradients: phytoplankton in highly flushed, large rivers. Hydrobiologia 639: 21–36. 10.1007/s10750-009-0018-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SPSS Inc. (2007) SPSS Release 16.0.0 for Windows. Polar Engineering and Consulting. Chicago, SPSS Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Statzner, B. & Higler, B. 1985. Questions and comments on the River Continuum Concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42: 1038–1044. 10.1139/f85-129
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suikkanen, S., Laamanen, M. & Huttunen, M. 2007. Long-term changes in summer phytoplankton communities of the open northern Baltic Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 71: 580–592. 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor J.C., Harding W.R. & Archibald C.G.M. 2007a. An illustrated guide to some common diatom species from South Africa. Water Research Commission Report TT 282/07, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Taylor, J.C., Harding, W.R. & Archibald, C.G.M. 2007b. A methods manual for the collection, preparation and analysis of diatom samples. Version 1.0. Water Research Commission Report TT 281/07, South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• Ter Braak, C.J.F. 2002. Canoco version 4.5. Biometrics – quantitative methods in the life and earth sciences. Wageningen, Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre.
   Google Scholar
• Townsend, C.R., Hildrew, A.G. & Schofield, K. 1987. Persistence of stream invertebrate communities in relation to environmental variability. Animal Ecology 56: 597–613. 10.2307/5071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vannote, R.L., Minshall, G.W., Cummins, K.W., Sedell, J.R. & Cushing, C.E. 1980. The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 37: 130–137. 10.1139/f80-017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker, D.R., Perissinotto, R. & Bally, R.P.A. 2001. Phytoplankton/protozoan dynamics in the Nyara Estuary, a small temporarily open system in the Eastern Cape (South Africa). African Journal of Aquatic Sciences 26: 31–38. 10.2989/16085910109503721
   Google Scholar
• Wehr, J.D. & Descy, J-P. 1998. Use of phytoplankton in large river management. Journal of Phycology 34: 741–749. 10.1046/j.1529-8817.1998.340741.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitfield, A.K., Paterson, A.W., Bok, A.H. & Kok, H.M. 1994. A comparison of the ichthyofaunas in two permanently open Eastern Cape estuaries. South African Journal of Zoology 29: 175–185.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, N., Schmalz, B. & Fohrer, N. 2011. Distribution of phytoplankton in a German lowland river in relation to environmental factors. Journal of Plankton Research 33: 807–820. 10.1093/plankt/fbq139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar