South African consumers’ interpretation of nutritional labelling systems of food products

REFERENCES

• Ababio, P.F., Adi, D.D. & Amoah, M. 2012. Evaluating the awareness and importance of food labelling information among consumers in the Kumasi metropolis of Ghana. Food Control 26: 571–574. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.02.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ANPHA (AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL PREVENTATIVE HEALTH AGENCY). 2014. Obesity: Prevalence Trends in Australia. Canberra City, ANPHA. https://nacchocommunique.files.wordpress.com/2016/08/anpha-obesity-prevalence-trends.pdf (accessed 24 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Bannenberg, G., Rice, H.B., Bernasconi, A., Ferrari, A., Mallon, C., Navarrete, L., Hughes, R., Igarashi, J., Persons, K., Latynski, L., Phung, A., Wang, S. & Ismail, A. 2020. Ingredient label claim compliance and oxidative quality of EPA/DHA omega-3 retail products in the US. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 88: 103435. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103435
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borgmeier, I. & Westenhoefer, J. 2009. Impact of different food label formats on healthiness evaluation and food choice of consumers: A randomized-controlled study. BMC Public Health 9: 1–12. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-9-184
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan, E. & Hvizdak, E. 2009. Online survey tools: ethical and methodological concerns of human research ethics committees. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 4(2): 37–48. doi: 10.1525/jer.2009.4.2.37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cadman, E. 2011. Nutritional genomics and the future of food labelling in the United States. In Bidlack, W. & Rodriguez, R. (Ed.) The Impact of Dietary Regulation of Gene Function on Human Disease. London, CRC Press. pp. 399–416.
   Google Scholar
• CANADIAN MINISTER OF JUSTICE. 2020. Food and Drug Regulations C.R.C., c 870. http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/C.R.C.,_c._870.pdf (accessed 24 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Clarke, N., Pechey, E., Mantzari, E., Blackwell, A.K.M., De-Loyde, K., Morris, R.W., Munafò, M.R., Marteau, T.M. & Hollands, G.J. 2020. Impact of health warning labels on snack selection: an online experimental study. Appetite 154: 104744. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104744
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DEPARTMENT OF BASIC EDUCATION. 2018. National Senior Certificate School Subject Report 2017. Pretoria: Department of Basic Education. https://www.education.gov.za/Portals/0/Documents/Reports/2017%20School%20Subject%20Report.pdf?ver=2018-01-04-034704-000 (accessed 24 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Dobbs, R., Sawers, C., Thompson, F., Manyika, J., Woetzel, J. & Child, P., Mckenna, S. & Spatharou, A. 2014. Overcoming Obesity: An Initial Economic Analysis. New York, United States of America. pp. 11–52.
   Google Scholar
• DOH (DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH). 2010. Regulations relating to the labelling and advertising of foodstuffs, R146/2010. In Government Gazette Number 3297 of 01 March 2010. Pretoria, DOH. http://www.health.gov.za/index.php/2014-03-17-09-09-38/legislation/joomla-split-menu/category/86-2010r (accessed 24 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• DOH (SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH). 2013. Strategic plan for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases 2013—2017, RP06/2013. Pretoria, DOH. http://www.thewhpca.org/resources/item/south-africa-strategic-plan-for-the-prevention-and-control-of-non-communicable-diseases-2013-2017 (accessed 24 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• DOH (SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH). 2016. Regulations relating to the labelling, advertising and composition of cosmetics R921/2016 – document for comment. In Government Gazette Number 40216 of 16 August 2016. Pretoria, DOH. http://www.health.gov.za/index.php/2014-03-17-09-09-38/legislation/yj-mega-css-dropdown (accessed 24 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Dubois, P., Albuquerque, P., Allais, O., Bonnet, C., Bertail, P., Combris, P., Lahlou, S., Rigal, N., Ruffieux, B. & Chandon, P. (2020). Effects of front-of-pack labels on the nutritional quality of supermarket food purchases: evidence from a large-scale randomized controlled trial. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-020-00723-5 (accessed 25 August 2020).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FOOD STANDARDS AGENCY. 2007. Front-of-pack traffic light signpost labelling technical guidance. UK, Food Standards Agency. http://www.5aldia.org/datos/60/PDF_13_6051.pdf (accessed 25 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• FSAI (FOOD SAFETY AUTHORITY OF IRELAND). 2009. A Research Study into Consumers’ Attitude to Food Labelling. https://www.lenus.ie/bitstream/handle/10147/208529/ConsumerAttitudesLabelling.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed 24 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Fuller, G.W. 2001. Nutrition and health. In Fuller, G.W. Food, Consumers and Food Industry: Catastrophe or Opportunity? London, CRC Press. pp. 117–149.
   Google Scholar
• Geiger, C.J. & Bernadier, C.D. 2013. Food Constituents. In Berdanier, C.D., Dwyer, J.T. & Heber, D. (Eds.) Handbook of Nutrition and Food, 3rd edn. London, CRC Press. p. 7.
   Google Scholar
• Gratton, M. & O'Donnell, S. 2011. Communication technologies for focus groups with remote communities: a case study of research with First Nations in Canada. Qualitative Research 11: 159–175. doi: 10.1177/1468794110394068
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawkes, C. 2010. Government and voluntary policies on nutrition labelling: a global overview. In Albert, J. (Ed.) Innovation in Food Labelling. Cambridge, Woodhead Publishing. pp. 37–56.
   Google Scholar
• IDC (INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION) 2019. Economic Trends: Key Trends in the South African Economy. South Africa, Department of Research & Development of the IDC. https://www.idc.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/IDC-RI-publication-Key-trends-in-South-African-economy-29-March-2019.pdf (accessed 24 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Insall, L. 2000. Nutrition information: European Union. In Blanchfield, J.R. (Ed.) Food Labelling. Cambridge, Woodhead Publishing. pp. 125–146.
   Google Scholar
• INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE. 2010. Sodium intake reduction: an important but elusive public health goal. In Henney, J.E., Taylor, C.L. & Boon, C.S. (Ed.). Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States. Washington DC, National Academies Press. pp. 29–63.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, S.A., DE Beer, H. & Larney, M. 2011. Adult consumers’ understanding and use of information on food labels: a study among consumers living in the Potchefstroom and Klerksdorp regions, South Africa. Public Health Nutrition 14(3): 510–522. doi: 10.1017/S1368980010002430
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang, M. & Vorderstrasse, A. 2019. Socioeconomic status and racial or ethnic differences in participation: Web-based survey. JIMR Research Protocol, 8: e11865. doi: 10.2196/11865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, S., Schenke, K., Eccles, J.S., Xu, D. & Warschauer, M. 2018. Cross-national comparison of gender differences in the enrollment in and completion of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics massive open online courses. PLoS ONE, 13(9): e0202463. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, R.B. & Onwuegbuzie, A.J. 2004. Mixed method research: a research paradigm whose time has come. Educational Researcher 33(7): 14–26. doi: 10.3102/0013189X033007014
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, R.B., Onwuegbuzie, A.J. & Turner, L.A. 2007. Toward a definition of mixed method research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 1(2): 112–130. doi: 10.1177/1558689806298224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavanaugh, M. & Quinlan, J.J. 2020. Consumer knowledge and behaviours regarding food date labels and food waste. Food Control 115: 107285. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107285
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemos, T.C., Almo, A., Campagnoli, R.R., Pereira, M.G., Oliveira, L., Volchan, E., Krutman, L., Delgado, R., Fernández-Santaella, M.C., Khandpur, N. & David, I.A. 2020. A red code triggers an unintended approach motivation toward sweet ultraprocessed foods: possible implications for front-of-pack labels. Food Quality and Preference 79: 103784. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103784
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lord, J.B. 2007. Launching the new product. In Brody, A.L. & Lord, J.B. (Ed.) Developing New Food Products for a Changing Marketplace, 2nd edn. Boca Raton FL, CRC Press. pp. 539–576.
   Google Scholar
• Moreira, M.J., Garcia-Diez, J., de Almeida, J.M.M. & Saraiva, C. 2019. Evaluation of food labelling usefulness for consumers. International Journal of Consumer Studies 43(4): 327–334. doi: 10.1111/ijcs.12511
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NPD GROUP INC. (2014). The New Grocery Shopper. Port Washington NY, The NPD Group Inc. https://www.npd.com/wps/portal/npd/us/news/press-releases/more-men-are-grocery-shopping-but-they-do-so-grudgingly/ (accessed 10 July 2015).
   Google Scholar
• PLMA (PRIVATE LABEL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION). 2013. Today’s Primary Shopper. https://plma.com/2013PLMA_GfK_Study.pdf (accessed 24 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Pongutta, S., Tantayapirak, P. & Paopeng, C. (2019). Packaged food consumption and understanding of front-of-pack labels in urban Thailand. Public Health, 172: 8–14. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prinsloo, N., van der Merwe, M., Bosman, M. & Erasmus, A.A. 2012. Critical review of the significance of food labelling during consumer decision making. Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences 40: 83–97.
   Google Scholar
• Probst, Y., Nguyen, D.T., Rollo, M. & Li, W. 2014. mHealth diet and nutrition guidance. In Adibi, S. (Ed.) mHealth Multidisciplinary Verticals, 1st ed. Boca Raton FL, CRC Press. pp. 65–82.
   Google Scholar
• Puoane, T., Tsolekile, L., Sanders, D. & Parker, W. 2008. Chronic non-communicable disease. In Barron, P. & Roma-Reardon, J. (Eds.) South African Health Review 2008. Durban, Health Systems Trust. pp. 73–83.
   Google Scholar
• Saunders, M., Lewis, P., Thornhill, A. & Bristow, A. 2019. Understanding research philosophies and approaches. In Saunders, M.N.K., Lewis, P. & Thornhill A. (Eds.) Research Methods for Business Students, 8th edn. Harlow, UK, Pearson Education, pp. 128–170.
   Google Scholar
• Scott-Thomas, C. 2015. The French colour-coded nutrition label hailed as “antidote to food marketing.” Crawley, UK: William Reed Business Media Ltd. https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2015/02/27/French-colour-coded-nutrition-labels-hailed-as-antidote-to-food-marketing (accessed 24 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Singla, M. 2010. Usage and understanding of food and nutritional labels among Indian consumers. British Food Journal 11: 83–92. doi: 10.1108/00070701011011227
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• STATS SA (STATISTICS SOUTH AFRICA). 2019. Statistical Release P0302: Mid-Year Population Estimates 2019. Pretoria, Stats SA. http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022019.pdf (accessed 24 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Sunley, N. 2012. Nutritional information in food labelling: what does it really mean to consumers? South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 25: 7–8. doi: 10.1080/16070658.2012.11734395
   Google Scholar
• Thow, A.M., Jones, A., Schneider, C.H. & Labonte, R. 2019. Global governance of front-of-pack nutrition labelling: a qualitative analysis. Nutrients 11(2): 268. doi: 10.3390/nu11020268
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vapnek, J. & Speij, M. 2005. Perspective and Guidelines on Food Legislation, with a New Model Food Law. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations Legislative Study 87. Rome: FAO Legal Office. http://www.fao.org/3/a-a0274e.pdf (accessed 25 August 2020).
   Google Scholar
• Wahab, R.A. 2018. Food label use and awareness of nutritional information among consumers in Bahrain: an exploratory study. KnE Life Sciences 4: 26–36.
   Google Scholar
• Williams, M. & Stewart, K. 2005. Researching online populations: the use of online focus groups for social research. Quantitative Research 5(4): 395–413.
   Google Scholar
• WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION). 2016. Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity. Geneva, World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/204176/9789241510066_eng.pdf (accessed 24 August 2020).
   Google Scholar