Bipedal leaping Jurassic vertebrates in Southern Africa: proposed new ichnotaxon and inferred palaeoenvironment

REFERENCES

• Abrahams, M., Bordy, E., Sciscio, L. & Knoll, F. 2017. Scampering, trotting, walking tridactyl bipedal dinosaurs in southern Africa: ichnological account of a Lower Jurassic palaeosurface (upper Elliot Formation, Roma Valley) in Lesotho. Historical Biology 29: 958–975. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2016.1267164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrahams, M., Bordy, E.M. & Knoll, F. 2020. Hidden for one hundred years: a diverse theropod ichnoassemblage and cross-sectional tracks from the historic Early Jurassic Tsikoane ichnosite (Clarens Formation, northern Lesotho, southern Africa). Historical Biology, doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1810681.
   Google Scholar
• Bamford, M.K. 2004. Diversity of the woody vegetation of Gondwanan Southern Africa. Gondwana Research 7: 153–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beukes, N.J. 1969. Die sedimentologie van die Etage Holkranssandsteen, sisteem Karoo. Unpublished master’s dissertation, University of the Orange Free State. http://hdl.handle.net/11660/7671.
   Google Scholar
• Beukes, N.J. 1970. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Cave Sandstone stage, Karoo System. In Haughton, S.H. (Ed.) Proceedings and Papers of the 2nd Gondwana Symposium. Pretoria, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. pp. 321–341.
   Google Scholar
• Bordy, E.M. & Catuneanu, O. 2002. Sedimentology and palaeontology of the upper Karoo aeolian strata (Early Jurassic) in the Tuli Basin, South Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 35: 301–314.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bordy, E.M. & Head, H.V. 2018. Lithostratigraphy of the Clarens Formation (Stormberg Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 121 (1): 119–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bordy, E.M., Abrahams, M., Sharman, G.R., Viglietti, P.A., Benson, R.B.J., McPhee, B.W., Barrett, P.M., Sciscio, L., Condon, D., Mundil, R., Rademan, Z, Jinnah, Z., Clark, J.M., Suarez, C.A., Chapelle, K.E.J., & Choiniere, J.N. 2020. A chronostratigraphic framework for the upper Stormberg Group: Implications for the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in southern Africa. Earth-Science Reviews 203: 103120.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catuneanu, O., Wopfner, H., Eriksson, P.G., Cairncross, B., Rubidge, B.S., Smith, R.M.H. & Hancox, P.J. 2005. The Karoo basins of south-central Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 43: 211–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Du Toit, A.L. 1918. The zones of the Karroo System and their distribution. Proceedings of the Geological Society of South Africa 21: 17–36.
   Google Scholar
• Ellenberger, P. 1970. Les niveaux paléontologiques de première apparition des mammifères primordiaux en Afrique du Sud et leur ichnologie: établissement de zones stratigraphiques détaillées dans le Stormberg du Lesotho (Afrique du Sud) (Trias supérieur à Jurassique). In Haughton, S.H. (Ed.) Proceedings and Papers of the 2nd Gondwana Symposium. Pretoria, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. pp. 343–370.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson, P.G. 1979. Mesozoic sheetflow and playa sediments of the Clarens Formation in the Kamberg area of the Natal Drakensberg. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 82 (2): 257–258.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson, P.G. 1981. A palaeoenvironmental analysis of the Clarens Formation in the Natal Drakensberg. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 84: 7–17.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson, P.G. 1983. A palaeoenvironmental study of the Molteno, Elliot and Clarens Formations in the Natal Drakensberg and northeastern Orange Free State. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Natal.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson, P.G. 1986. Aeolian dune and alluvial fan deposits in the Clarens Formation of the Natal Drakensberg. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 89: 389–393.
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson, P.G., McCourt, S. & Snyman, C.P. 1994. A note on the petrography of upper Karoo sandstones in the Natal Drakensberg: implications for the Clarens Formation palaeoenvironment. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa 97: 101–103.
   Google Scholar
• Falkingham, P.L. & Gatesy, S.M. 2020. Discussion: Defining the morphological quality of fossil footprints. Problems and principles of preservation in tetrapod ichnology with examples from the Palaeozoic to the present by Lorenzo Marchetti et al. Earth-Science Reviews 208: 103320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gatesy, S. 2003. Direct and indirect track features: What sediment did a dinosaur touch? Ichnos 10 (2-4): 91–98.
   Google Scholar
• Gatesy, S.M., Middleton, K.M., Jenkins, F.A., Jr. & Shubin, N.H. 1999. Three-dimensional preservation of foot movements in Triassic theropod dinosaurs. Nature 399 (6732): 141–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haughton, S.H. 1924. The Fauna and stratigraphy of the Stormberg Series. Annals of the South African Museum 8: 1–517.
   Google Scholar
• Holzförster, F. 2007. Lithology and depositional environments of the Lower Jurassic Clarens Formation in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 110: 543–560.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, M.R. 1966. Stratigraphy of the Cape and Karroo Systems in the eastern Cape Province. Unpublished master’s dissertation, Rhodes University.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, M.R. 1976. Stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Cape and Karoo Sequences in the eastern Cape Province. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Rhodes University. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005617.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, M.R., van Vuuren, C.J., Visser, J.N.J., Cole, D.I., Wickens, H.d.V., Christie, A.D.M., Roberts, D.L. & Brandl, G. 2006. Sedimentary rocks of the Karoo Supergroup. In Johnson, M.R., Anhaeusser, C.R. & Thomas, R.J. (Eds.) The Geology of South Africa. Pretoria, Geological Society of South Africa, Johannesburg and Council for Geoscience. pp. 461–499.
   Google Scholar
• Kitching, J.W. & Raath, M.A. 1984. Fossils from the Elliot and Clarens Formations (Karoo Sequence) of the northeastern Cape, Orange Free State and Lesotho, and a suggested biozonation based on tetrapods. Palaeontologia africana 25: 111–125.
   Google Scholar
• Knoll, F. 2005. The tetrapod fauna of the Upper Elliot and Clarens Formations in the main Karoo Basin (South Africa and Lesotho). Bulletin de la Société géologique de France 176: 81–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchetti, L., Belvedere, M., Voigt, S., Klein, H., Castanera, D., Díaz-Martínez, I., Marty, D., Xing, L., Feola, S., Melchor, R.N. & Farlow, J.O. 2019. Defining the morphological quality of fossil footprints. Problems and principles of preservation in tetrapod ichnology with examples from the Palaeozoic to the present. Earth-Science Reviews 193: 109–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen, P.E. & Galton, P.M. 1984. A review of the reptile and amphibian assemblages from the Stormberg of southern Africa, with special emphasis on the footprints and the age of the Stormberg. Palaeontologia africana 25: 87–110.
   Google Scholar
• Raath, M.A. & Yates, A.M. 2005. Preliminary report of a large theropod dinosaur trackway in Clarens Formation sandstone (Early Jurassic) in the Paul Roux district, northeastern Free State, South Africa. Palaeontologia africana 41: 101–104.
   Google Scholar
• Schieber, J., Bose, P.K., Eriksson, P.G., Banerjee, S., Sarkar, S., Altermann, W. & Catuneanu, O., (Eds.). 2007. Atlas of Microbial Mat Features Preserved within the Siliciclastic Rock Record. Amsterdam, Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, D.E. 1978. Trackways in the Stormberg. Palaeontologia africana 21: 113–120.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dijk, D.E. 2001. Jurassic bipeds that could hop? Perch? Pounce? Fly? South African Journal of Science 97 (9-10): 373–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Eeden, O.R. & Keyser, A.W. 1971. Fossielspore in die Holkranssandsteen op Pont Drift, Distrik Soutpansberg, Transvaal. Annals of the Geological Survey of South Africa 9: 135–137.
   Google Scholar
• Viglietti, P.A., McPhee, B.W., Bordy, E.M., Sciscio, L., Barrett, P.M., Benson, R.B.J., Wills, S., Tolchard, F. & Choiniere, J.N. 2020a. Biostratigraphy of the Scalenodontoides Assemblage Zone (Stormberg Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 123 (2): 239–248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viglietti, P.A., McPhee, B.W., Bordy, E.M., Sciscio, L., Barrett, P.M., Benson, R.B.J., Wills, S., Chapelle, K.E.J., Dollman, K.N., Mdekazi, C. & Choiniere, J.N. 2020b. Biostratigraphy of the Massospondylus Assemblage Zone (Stormberg Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa. South African Journal of Geology 123 (2): 249–262.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson, J.A., Marsicano, C.A., Smith, R.M.H., & Farke A.A. 2009. Dynamic Locomotor Capabilities Revealed by Early Dinosaur Trackmakers from Southern Africa. PLoS ONE 4 (10): e7331. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0007331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar